DE1583577A1 - Process for making a continuous product from a molten material and apparatus for carrying out this process - Google Patents

Description

Method of making a continuous product from a molten material and apparatus to carry out this procedure

The invention relates to a method for producing a continuous product, in particular a metal wire or strip, made of a molten material.

The drawing or rolling processes normally used to make metal wire or strip, make a large number of operations and relatively complicated facilities adapted to each product necessary.

Certain conventional processes for continuous Casting of metals consists in creating a flow of molten

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To produce liquid metal, the ian on a movable Surface that tends to freeze him to let and continuously pay off,

Obviously, such fabrication of an article from a molten metal would require considerable work Has advantages, in particular a considerable reduction in the number of operations required. To a uniform product of a desired quality

^ and with the required dimensions to get it is however, in these processes it is essential to use the metal to be able to cast a controllable speed, i.e. the feed speed must be precisely controllable so that it is constantly at the speed of the removal of the Metal matches through the moving surface. When it comes to making an item with a weak cross-section, especially a wire or a thin metal strip, none of the above-mentioned known methods allow one for the manufacture of a

™ uniform product sufficiently precise regulation the metal feed rate.

In order to avoid this disadvantage of the known methods, a continuous casting process has already been proposed been in which the material is not in the conventional Way is poured. This method consists in moving a mold that is open at the side from top to bottom and thereby passing it through a bath of molten material at a constant level, so that this material

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158357?

continually fills the cavity of the mold. Afterward the material is cooled in the fora to produce the desired product. The speed at which that the soaked material can flow into the interior of the mold, however, it is very limited, especially in the case of one Product bit with a weak cross-section. In addition, it is difficult to take the product out of the mold. Consequently This method is not suitable for the production of a such product at high speed.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to create a process that is continuous production of uniform products of all kinds, in particular a metal wire or strip with a weak Cross-section, made from a sdraelzf liquid material on a easy way.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the material brought to a temperature above its melting point from a container of the outlet opening of an f The pressure in the material is fed to the nozzle Nozzle opening is held at a value that corresponds to the Formation of a protruding from the mouth opening Convex meniscus required static equilibrium, a surface in the manner at the mouth opening is moved past that it comes into contact with the material forming the meniscus, said surface is kept at a constant temperature, so that in this way the molten material from the '

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Surface is carried along and progressing on this solidified to form the desired product.

It can thus be seen that the method according to Invention essentially consists in the molten Material at a constant temperature and at the outlet port of an orifice below an appropriate one to maintain static pressure so that the material at the mouth, forms a convex meniscus, which on A is the balance between its pressure and its surface tension and the material used to form the desired product on an ongoing basis to take away from this meniscus. In the present process, the disadvantages of the conventional Working method that consists in a pouring of the material avoided altogether by changing the various parameters constant values are kept, in such a way that the material feed solely through the entrainment of the Material is carried out by a movable surface kept at a constant temperature. That of the present Invention underlying principle is therefore to use a movable surface to a to perform continuous "wiping" on a meniscus formed by the molten material and while keeping the pressure in the material within the limits corresponding to the static equilibrium * around the To enable replacement of the material discharged through this surface. Hence it is the speed of the

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movable surface * which is primarily the drainage * - the flow rate of the molten material is determined. As will be seen below, 'the range of pressures between the limits mentioned is proportionate large * Thus it is easy to find the necessary conditions for to establish the static equilibrium so that in each Fall a steady flow and thus a uniform product is achievable *

The present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out this method. This device is characterized by a container kept under atmospheric pressure with at least one discharge pipe provided with a nozzle, an adjustable heating device with which the material in the container and in the discharge pipe can be kept in the molten state at a constant temperature above its melting point, a desire, which serves the surface of the molten material at a desired constant level \

to hold a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis, which is arranged so that its circumferential surface opposite the opening of the nozzle, and at a given distance of the same, is movable, a first controllable, drive, which serves to drive the drum with a given Rotating speed, and a device that a fluid flow with controllable temperature can deliver, which is intended to revolve inside the drum and so its surface on a desired

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keep constant temperature. .

In the drawings are an embodiment of the device shown according to the invention and a variant of this embodiment, in particular for the production a metal wire are intended.

Fig. 1 is a view of this embodiment in vertical section}

Pig. 2 shows a variant of the device shown in FIG. 1, and

3 shows a detail in a schematic representation FIGS. 1 and 2 on an enlarged scale.

The device shown in Fig * i has a container i made of a refractory material such as aluminum oxide, which is open at the top and inside one by insulating walls 3j ^ delimited chamber 2 is arranged. Chamber 2 is with an electrical heating element 5 is provided and forms a Oven resting on an adjustable support 6. One too from a refractory material such as aluminum oxide, existing horizontal drain pipe 7 is horizontally attached to the container.i and penetrates the / Side wall of chamber 2. This pipe is made of an insulating sleeve 8 and surrounded by an electrical heating element 9. At the outlet end of the pipe 7 there is an orifice IG attached, the opening cross-section of which corresponds to the profile * les, desired product is adapted. As from Fig. 1

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As can be seen, the container 1 contains the silt liquid Metal M, the mirror of which is slightly above the pipe 7.

The heating elements 5 and 9 are each via a control device 12 and 13 are connected to an alternating current source 11 for regulating the heating current flowing through these elements. Two thermocouples 14, 15 are used on the one hand to Measuring the temperature of the molten metal in the Container 1 and at the outlet of the pipe 7 and on the other hand for controlling the devices 12, 13 'in such a way that the each of these thermocouples surrounding material is maintained at a predetermined temperature.

The device also has a lifting drum 16 made of steel on, which is mounted on a horizontal axis and ■ means of an electric motor 17 with variable speed can be set in rotation, its means for speed control are not shown. The drum 16 has a smooth peripheral surface and is arranged so that (J. this surface of the outlet opening of the mouth 10 opposite moves upwards at a given constant speed.

Among other things, the exact position of the outlet opening of the mouth 10 in with respect to the peripheral surface of the drum l6 according to the To be able to determine the product to be manufactured, the support 6 supporting the furnace also has two not shown

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set up devices that serve for the horizontal or vertical adjustment of this furnace. Further, these TrommeloberfJäche is held by an inside the drum revolving flow of water supplied from a bath 18 at a constant temperature WIRS _t on a suitable · ,, constant temperature "This bath comprises a Selilange 19 with a constant cold water circulation, an electric heating element 20 and a pump 21, which serves> the constant circulation of water through the supply and return flow 9k channels 22 and 23 maintain between the bath 18 and the drum sixteenth In addition, a Hegel device 24 serves to regulate the heating current, which is supplied by an alternating current source 25 to the heating element 20, and depending on the water temperature measured by means of a thermocouple 26, in order to maintain a desired constant temperature in the bath 18.

Diter the deck of the oil chamber forming wall 4 2 is provided with a FÜllröhr 28 for introduction of the metal feedstock into the container%. This downpipe also serves to keep the chamber 2 and thus the container 1 under atmospheric pressure when the device is in operation.

The height of the level of the molten metal in the container is adjustable by means of a realizer which has a piston 29 driven by an electromotor 50. How can be seen from Fig. ± , is the engine 30 with the piston 29? via a conventional drive and transmission

mecliänismus; which is formed by a disc 31 firmly seated on the shaft of the motor 30, an endless drive belt 32 and a second disc 33, the latter cooperating with a vertical spindle 3 ^ to which the piston 29 is attached. Means not shown in FIG. 1 which are known to them and which in particular comprise an internal thread in the disk 33 and an external thread on the upper end of the spindle 34 enable the rotary movement of the disk 33 to be converted into a linear vertical movement of the piston 29.

The running of the motor 30 is stopped by an interrupter 35 controlled, which in his to the AC power source 25 switched feed circuit is arranged and through Excitation of a relay 37 is actuated. Two electrodes 38, 39 are with the excitation coil of the relay 37 and with one DC power source 40 connected in series with electrode 38 immersed in the molten metal during the electrode 39 is arranged so that its lower End located at the desired level of the metal. ,Two Interrupters 41 and 42 are used to control the feed circuits of the Motor 30 and the relay 37 to interrupt.

In this way it is achieved that when the surface of the molten metal reaches the desired level, a galvanic contact between the electrodes 38 and 39 is established through this metal, whereby the excitation circuit of the relay 37 is closed and the motor 30

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is stopped via the interrupter 35. If the The surface of the metal, on the other hand, is below the desired one Level, the galvanic contact is interrupted, the relay 37 is de-energized and the interrupter 35 closes. Dander motor 30 now fed with electricity is, he drives the piston 29 so that this moves progressively downward, with the result that the The surface of the metal increases until it is again the desired level te level reached and the shutdown of the motor 30 causes.

The device also has a cleaning member 36 for Cleaning the with the molten metal in contact coming surface of the drum l6.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the differs Variant of the device of the embodiment according to Fig. 1 only concerns the regulator of the level of the molten metal surface. That's why are those in connection with the first embodiment Frosted pbesghjTJ planes have the same elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 provided with the same reference numerals.

The level control of molten metal is carried out 'in this embodiment by means of a rod 43 off. the metal intended for the manufacture of the desired product, which is connected by a flexible rope 44 guided around two pulleys 45 »46: jmisfcn an electric motor 30, the

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in the same way as the motor 30 of the controller of the embodiment shown in Figure i. actuated and serves _for the rod 43 progressively move downwards when the surface of the metal is below the desired level. We dipped the lower end of the rod 43 progressively in the liquid metal and melted so that the surface of the metal rises to the desired height. When this level is reached, the galvanic contact between

the electrodes 38 and 39 made, the motor 30 comes ™ to a standstill, and the downward movement of the rod 43 will be interrupted.

The tube 28 can also be used for a protective gas like argon, essentially under atmospheric pressure admit to the oxidation on the surface of the metal to prevent"

Fig. 5 shows in a schematic representation, like the d metal is taken from the outlet opening at the mouth 10 of the meniscus formed by the drum l6. As can be seen from this figure, the punctured diagonal meniscus can be more or less curved, corresponding to the height H of the metal level above the tube 7, ie. above the axis of the opening of the mouth 10. The height H, which is maintained in the manufacture of the product, is chosen so that it lies between the two extreme positions I II, which is the one for the formation of a convex meniscus

BATH ORIGINAL

The required minimum pressure or the maximum pressure that is the limit of static equilibrium if this pressure rises, the tears Meniscus and the metal pours out as a result of the mouth 10. ".-.- '.

The maximum height H ₁₁ (in cm) for a mouth with outflow openings of small vertical dimensions in the order of a few millimeters can in most cases be calculated using the following formulas:

a) For circular outflow openings:

«* - 2 T
^Λ ΙΙ - Rvp.g.

where T is the surface tension (dynes / cm) of the material is at the opening.

R is the radius (cm) of the opening, ρ is the specific gravity (g / cm ⁵ ) of the melted

Material in the container,
g is the gravi ^ at ixaiskqn st ante (cm / s).

b) For rectangular discharge openings with the Dimensions a b, where a is the vertical dimension and b is the horizontal dimension and a is much smaller than b

where T and g have the same meaning as above.

Manufacture of a given product using the The procedure described above is as follows

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follows:

After a mouth 10 in aas outlet end of the tube 7 has been used, the opening of which depends on The cross-section of the desired product has been selected, the heating elements 5 * 9 are folded in around the container 1 and preheat the drill 7. Then the metal slowly introduced into the container 1, in order to take a bath in it from melt flow like to metal with constant temperature form, the surface of which increases progressively. If that Level of the molten metal one height above that Tube 7 has reached, which is sufficient that the metal protrudes from the Ausflussöffung.der mouth 10, Forms an appropriate convex meniscus, the introduction of the metal into the container 1 is stopped. It it is obvious that the chosen level is between the above-mentioned limits I, II will be at a height H, which results in a meniscus that is convex enough to to be able to be brought into contact with the drum l6.

Then% ird the height of the electrode 39 is set so that the lower end of the latter comes with the one in the desired altitude surface of the metal in contact, after which the breaker ¹ H, 42 are closed, the motor 30 and the relay 37 in Operational readiness to move.

With. With the help of the bath 18, the drum 16 is then heated to a temperature of at least hO C and with a.

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Circumferential speed set in rotation, which corresponds to the desired speed of the metal feed. The meniscus formed at the opening of the mouth 10 then comes into contact with the circumferential surface of the drum 16 brought by the horizontal and vertical position of the support 6 is adjusted. To get the uniform you want To obtain the product, the various parameters such as speed and temperature of the drum, the fe temperature of the metal at the outlet opening and the minimum distance between this opening and the drum are subsequently readjusted so that the molten Metal is entrained evenly and the product solidifies progressively on a part of the drum 16. Finally, suitable removal means, not shown, such as roller systems, can be used. to separate the solidified product from the drum ± 6.

The product thus obtained may be a ^v drawing or rolling operation are subjected, of course, to change its shape or its surface quality.

The optimal operating conditions of the device according to., the invention can thus easily be determined from case to case by xJie temperature of the molten material on the meniscus, the temperature of the moving surface that entrains the material and the speed of this The surface can be changed in sequence until the desired product is obtained.

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It is advisable to note that the ratio H _TT : II _{T of} the limit heights between which the level of the metal can move during manufacture can easily be 5: i. It is thus evident that the height H is not critical to the manufacture of the product, provided that it is maintained between said height limits which are necessary to maintain contact of the drum surface with the meniscus.

It is also to be noted that the method of the inventions%-making it possible to control the solidification rate of the material accurately on the moving surface by the speed and the temperature of this surface can be controlled. This makes it possible to determine the crystalline structure of the product in such a way that the product acquires the desired mechanical properties »

The device described above has the manufacture ^

various continuous products, in particular of wires and strips of aluminum, from the under the Yarns AIiTI-COHRODAL known alloy, made of copper and Otts steel enables these products to be uniform Dimensions and of satisfactory quality was.

Example i

For the production of even wires from aluminum, copper and mild steel (l ^c , 'o C) and with a diameter of

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2 mm, the device is provided with a mouth with a circular opening of 2 mm diameter and: with a drum of 200 mm diameter. Production is then started in the manner described above, with
the following values are selected for the various parameters;

Al £ ü steel

Temperature of the metal at the

Opening of the mouth in ⁰ C,? 20 .Ü5O

Temperature of the peripheral surface

of the drum in ° C 80 95 95

Drum speed in rpm 60 60 60

Minimum distance between opening

the muzzle and barrel in now 0.3 0.3 0.3

Height II of the surface of the metal

above the axis of the mouth in mm 10 10 10

The creation speed, that of the peripheral speed the drum is about 38 Jn / mln "

Example 2

For the production of strip material made of anti-Gorrodal alloy (Al: 96.5 . ■ bie, .9t7-, 8Stf Si: 0.5 to 1.5%; Mn: 0.2 to 1% Mg: 0.5 to 1 ^ ₀ ) is the same drum as in the case of the
Example! used. In order to obtain two versions of strip material (A, B) with the dimensions 6 0.5 or h, 5 χ 1 mm, the device is provided with a mouth

1 '

BATH ORIGINAL

equipped, the opening of which has the following dimensions

AWAY

Width in mm 8 6

Height in mm 1 1.5

Production is then started in the manner described above, the following values being selected for the various parameters:

- A ü

Temperature of the alloy at the

Opening of the mouth in ⁰ G 685 700

Temperature of the peripheral surface of the

Drum in ° G 50 60

Drum speed in rpm in 10 7

Minimum distance between opening

of the muzzle and barrel in mm 0.8 1

Height of the surface of the alloy

above the axis of the muzzle in mm 15 10

The production speed was 6 and 4.4 m / min. It should be noted that the surface of the belts facing away from the drum was convex. However, a single one was enough Rolling process that takes place on the drum itself by means of a the partially solidified tape was passed a pressure roller to form a rectangular cross-section To obtain a product whose surfaces are perfectly smooth were and its strength by changing the through the Roller exercised ^ j.DjöiÄk ^. LQisslijt could be regulated.

It should be noted that the peripheral speed of the drum can be increased in order to obtain a product whose cross section is smaller than that of the mouth opening.

The device described above is also for manufacture used by aluminum fibers of relatively short length with the drum 16 being driven at speeds far higher than those indicated above.

·
Appropriately, it should also be mentioned that the method according to the invention is also suitable for the production of a continuous product from materials other than those listed above for example. In particular, those materials come into consideration which cannot be processed by drawing or rolling, such as, for example, brittle intermetallic compounds with a cubically centered crystal structure (called “ccc”) or metal oxides.

Of course, numerous other variants of the device for performing the method according to FIG Invention possible. So instead of a level regulator, the material at the mouth opening under the to the formation of a meniscus holds the required pressure, for example a device must be provided which makes it possible the pressure of one with the surface of the inside the container material in contact with the gas rules. This device is therefore designed to increase the pressure of the gas to the same extent as the mirror of the metal in the container during the operation of the pre-

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Direction falls, in such a way that the pressure of the material is kept at your desired value at 'the mouth opening. This makes it possible to obtain a proportionate MiQ ig large column d, h. a greater reserve of metal in that; To have a container by choosing a gas pressure that is lower than the atraospheric pressure.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that the education the mouth of the molten metal meniscus also brought in any direction other than the horizontal will »can.

Patent claims:

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Vt / li-ch- -Ί7 ° 7S ■ ''

Claims (1)

PATBNTAN WA'LTt. PATENTANWALTDIPL-INCR-MDUER-BORNEr PATENTANWALT D I P L.-1NiG. MAN S - H. WEY BERLIN-DAHLEM 33 · PO DBIELSKIALLEE 68 * [Q a M D NC H EN 22 · Wl DE N MAYE RSTRASS E 49 TEL. 03Π. 742907 TELEGR. PROPINDUS - TELEX 0184057 ^ 1 ** TEL. 0811 225585 - TELEGR. PROPINDUS · TELEX 0524244 Berlin, July 5th, 1967 THE BATTELLE DEVELOPMENT'CORPORATION 505 King Avenue, Columbus / Ohio (USA) P a ten t ans ρ rue he 1. A method for producing a continuous product, in particular a metal wire or -bandes, made of a molten material, characterized in that the material brought to a temperature above its melting point is made of a Container (l) fed to the outlet opening of a mouth (lQ) the pressure in the material at the orifice is kept at a value which is the same as for Formation of a protruding from the mouth . convex meniscus required static balance corresponds to a surface (l6) is moved past the nozzle opening in such a way that it corresponds to the Meniscus-forming material comes into contact, whereby this surface (16) at a constant temperature is held, so that in this way the melting 00 9 83 8/0301 liquid material taken from the pool (16) is and on this continues to freeze to the desired product to bilateaa ,. "2 ... Method aaaeh claims I ₃ characterized in that the level of the sehmelzilüssigeai material in the container is regulated., Mm to hold the material in the mouth opening under the pressure required for biliducng the meniscus. 3. Procedure according to AnsjjTUGb. 1, characterized in that the pressure of a gas in contact with the surface of the material in the container is regulated in order to keep the material at the mouth opening under the pressure required to form the meniscus. k. Method according to claims i and 2, characterized in that the surface of the material in the container is kept under atmospheric pressure and that its height above the mouth of the mouth is kept at a constant value at which the equilibrium between the static pressure and the surface tension of the Material can set on the nozzle opening. 5. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that an inert gas atmosphere is in contact with the surface of the molten material in the container stands. ' 6. The method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that that argon is used as the inert gas. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material in the container (1) and in the mouth (10) is heated so that its temperature at the mouth opening remains constant and there at least 20 ⁰ C above the melting point of the material lies. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable surface (16) is kept at a constant temperature of at least 40 ° C. 9. The method according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that the movable surface (l6) by means of a Constant temperature liquid is kept at a constant temperature. ^ 10.Vorrichtung for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a kept under atmospheric pressure container (l) with at least one outlet pipe (7) provided with an orifice (10) »ein.steubaren Heizeinrichtung (5» 9) _f with the the material in the container (1) and in the discharge pipe (7) can be kept in the molten state at a constant temperature lying above its melting point, a regulator which serves to keep the level of the molten material at a desired constant level, one by one horizon 00 98 3 8/0301 νΟ tale axis rotatable drum (l6), which is arranged so that their circumferential surface is relative to the opening of the Mouth (to) and at a given distance from it is movable, a first controllable drive to do this serves to make the drum (l6) rotate at a given speed, and a device that a Can supply liquid flow with controllable temperature, which is intended to circulate inside the drum (l6) and so to keep their surface at a desired constant temperature. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the regulator has a piston (29) which means - One's second drive is adjustable in height, which one by one at the desired level of the surface of the molten material located in the container (l) is controlled in which Way that the piston (29) can be moved controllably and immersed in the material to avoid any deviation the HoKe-this surface of your desired level to undo. 12. Apparatus according to claim 10 and 11, characterized t that the second drive comprises an electric motor (30) which is arranged so that it drives the piston (29) downward i-'bevejit, p-until the level of ervräimie is reached. 009838/0301 BATH ORIGINAL 1 . ± 5 /, device naefli itaspFtteft IQ- Ms Ig * nicely "that""Jer Detektgi? Ntliieestöös eiae ß aufweflst ', · 4ϊβ SQ attge« »rin # -fc," ÖsiiB ifer pfiteres- Eaäe ätpf dem ge ^ ifünseliteii Miveäp lies ^ so that, 'wep ¥ | 3ieii the Öbcirf lache fles M ^ tertais on the Gewitaseh ^ ii Hf Jyeau is, between the Electrode_ (39) from the material a Gäiyaiiischer contact is made, which is intended to switch the motor (3Ö) alizu s. ffifff IAD ORIQiNAL «Ν blank