DE157615C - - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

M 157615 CLASS 12 «.

The present invention relates to the preparation of compounds of metals with such metalloids respectively. other metals whose halogen compounds are highly volatile are and from halogen and metalloid respectively. Metal created by direct union can, i.e. develop heat when these compounds are formed (such as silicon, boron, Aluminum, iron, etc.), and consists in particular in the fact that low-viscosity halides, such as calcium chloride, calcium fluoride, barium chloride, barium fluoride, magnesium chloride , Potassium chloride with the metalloids respectively. with other metals in the electrical Oven heated.

The process here proceeds in such a way that the halide in question is broken down into its elements is split and the latter bezw with the added metalloid. Unite metal. For example, when using a mixture of calcium chloride and silicon, the calcium chloride is replaced by the electrical Electricity is broken down into chlorine and calcium, and these then combine with the silicon to chlorosilicon and calcium silicide. When using other metal halides and metalloids respectively Metals (such as silicon, boron, aluminum, iron, phosphorus, chromium, tin, etc.) combine in the same way Fission products with silicon, boron, aluminum, iron, phosphorus, chromium, tin etc., whereby on the one hand the relevant silicide, boride, aluminide, ferride, phosphoride, Chromide, stannide etc., on the other hand the corresponding volatile halogen compounds develop.

From this it can be seen that the metalloid BEZW. Metal always taken in such quantities must be so that it is capable not only with the metal of the halide, but also to combine with the halogen of the halide.

Furthermore, the metalloid must bezw. Metal combine directly with the halogen can.

The latter must meet the indispensable condition for the implementation of the new process all those metalloids respectively. Metals which, when combined with halogens Develop heat, i.e. enter into exothermic compounds such as silicon, boron, aluminum, iron, phosphorus, chromium, tin etc., but not carbon.

Hence, carbon alone is with a metal halide, z. B. with calcium chloride respectively. Caleium fluoride, what after an incidental Indication in patent specification 108548 could apply to possible generation of carbides, i.e. in the special case of calcium carbide, absolutely unsuitable, since carbon tetrachloride is a strongly endothermic compound and the elements Under no circumstances do chlorine and carbon form a direct connection (see "Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry" of Roscoe and Classen, III. Ed. 1895, I. vol. P. 714 [499] i. Sentence).

But even if at the high temperatures of the electric furnace there is a formation of chlorocarbon should be able to enter, which tests have not yet been carried out, see above would this method of carbide production

Be extremely expensive, because apart from the amount of work (power consumption) to melt and separating the calcium chloride into chlorine and calcium nor those for direct combination of the chlorine with the carbon, the necessary, not insignificant amount of heat can be supplied by the electric current would have to.

The electrolytically respectively. by dissociation

ίο on the other hand, to allow separated chlorine to escape unbound, is likely because of the known dangerous effects of highly heated chlorine, especially in large companies, at the high temperatures of the electric furnace do not appear accessible. In this case too, the cleavage of the halide would have to be carried out required heat can be supplied by the electric current alone.

In contrast, the present process has the important advantages that the halogen Bound is discharged, whereby not only the harmful effects of the free chlorine are canceled, but also valuable Metalloid or Metal halides are obtained as a by-product that further as a result the generation of considerable heat in the formation of these halogen compounds correspondingly less electrical current energy for the electrolysis of the starting halide required and accordingly the new process becomes very cheap.

Another technical advantage is that the volatile halogen compounds formed can easily be included in a template, since they are more common Temperature of about 20 ° C. form solid salts or are liquid, while the free Chlorine still remains gaseous at such a temperature and under atmospheric pressure.

The technical implementation of the working process described above is designed as follows, for example for the production of calcium ferride (Ca Fe) . A mixture of almost equal parts by weight of calcium chloride (Ca Cl.-,) and crushed bezw. Powdered iron (2, Fe) is heated to a high degree of incandescence in an electric furnace provided with a closable filling funnel and with a discharge line for the storage of the volatile halogen compounds and is kept at this temperature until the calcium chloride decomposes. The process takes place in such a way that, as soon as the mass has melted, which happens considerably easier and faster than when using the corresponding oxide ( CaO), through the electrolytic effect of the current and the chemical relationship of iron to chlorine Calcium chloride is split into chlorine and calcium and then both the chlorine and the calcium combine immediately with the iron, since the iron is present in sufficient quantities.

The resulting ferrous chloride (Fe Cl ₂ ) escapes after the initial charge and condenses there, while the calcium ferride (Ca Fe) collects on the bottom of the furnace and can be tapped in a known manner. When the batch is finished, the furnace is reloaded. Of course, you can also make the operation uninterrupted, which is particularly easy if, as in the example chosen, the melting temperature of the compound created is not too high. ·

Since the heat of connection between iron and chlorine (Fe CL ₂ ) is 82 080 WE, that of calcium chloride (Ca Cl ₂ ) 170 230 WE, of course the electrical power source only needs to add the difference between these two amounts of heat to that which is necessary for the melting process itself and is lost through heat transmission to the outside.

With silicon, boron, aluminum, which are very closely related to chlorine, power consumption is natural. a much lesser one. Otherwise remains the procedure the same.

Claims (1)

Patent claim: Process for the preparation of silicide, boride, aluminide and similar compounds, characterized in that heavy metal halides are mixed with such metalloids or other metals, whose halogen compounds are more volatile than the metal halides used and can arise from halogen and metalloid or metal by direct combination with the development of heat, such as Silicon, boron, aluminum, iron, chromium, tin, phosphorus, heated in an electric furnace.