DE1570540A1 - Process for the preparation of polyglycol ethers containing hydroxyl groups - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of polyglycol ethers containing hydroxyl groupsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1570540A1 DE1570540A1 DE19651570540 DE1570540A DE1570540A1 DE 1570540 A1 DE1570540 A1 DE 1570540A1 DE 19651570540 DE19651570540 DE 19651570540 DE 1570540 A DE1570540 A DE 1570540A DE 1570540 A1 DE1570540 A1 DE 1570540A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- polyglycol ethers
- groups
- hydroxyl groups
- containing hydroxyl
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C43/04—Saturated ethers
- C07C43/13—Saturated ethers containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
- C07C43/135—Saturated ethers containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having more than one ether bond
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polyglykoläthern Die Herstellung Hydroxylgruppen aufweisender Polyglykoläther ist Gegenstand zahlreicher Veröffentlichungen, da sich aus ihnen aufgrund ihrer Hydrolysenfestigkeit wertvolle Kunststoffe z.B. nach dem Isocyanat-Polyadditionsverfahren herstellen lassen. Üblicherweise werden diese Polyglykoläther durch Polymerisation geeigneter cyclischer Äther wie Tetrahydrofuran, Äthylenoxyd, Propylenoxyd hergestellt.Process for the production of polyglycol ethers containing hydroxyl groups The production of polyglycol ethers containing hydroxyl groups is the subject of more Publications, as they are valuable because of their resistance to hydrolysis Have plastics manufactured e.g. using the isocyanate polyaddition process. Usually these polyglycol ethers by polymerizing suitable cyclic ethers such as Tetrahydrofuran, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide produced.
In einigen Fällen ist die Herstellung solcher Polyglykoläther auch auf dem Wege einer Polykondensation der ihnen zugrunde liegenden Glykole möglich, nämlich dann, wenn die OH-Gruppen besonders aktiviert sind. Dies ist z,B. bei solchen Glykolen der Fall, die in ß-Stellung zur OH-Gruppe eine Thioäthergruppe oder die OH-Gruppen besitzeh, die in Allylstellung zu einer ungesättigten -C-Bindung, einschließlich aromatischen Bindungen stehen, wie es z. B. beim Xylylenglykol der Pall ist.In some cases the production of such polyglycol ethers is also possible possible by means of a polycondensation of the glycols on which they are based, namely when the OH groups are particularly activated. This is e.g. in such Glycols are the case that have a thioether group or the ß-position to the OH group OH groups that are in the allyl position to form an unsaturated -C bond, including aromatic bonds are, as it is z. B. in the case of xylylene glycol is the Pall.
Es ist auch bekannt, aliphatische Diole, deren OH-Gruppen durch eine Kohlenstoffkette mit mindestens sechs C-Ato-on verbunden sind, mit Verätherungskatalysatoren in Polyglykoläther zu überführen. Dies gelingt in Gegenwart von Verätherungekatalysatoren, als welche die US-Patentschrift 2 492 955 Dehydrierungskatalysatoren wie insbesondere auch die ale Verätherungekatalysator bekannte p-Toluolsulfosäure benennt. Aber selbst bei längerer Kondensationdauer gelingt es nicht, längere Polyäther ketten aufzubauen, d.h. also, höhere Molekulargewichte zu erhalten. Darüber hinaus blockieren die Katalysatoren die Endgruppen des resultierenden Polyäthers überaue leicht, so daß diese sehr häufig nicht die erwarteten Hydroxyl-Endgruppen in vollem Umfang aufweisen.It is also known, aliphatic diols, whose OH groups by a Carbon chain connected with at least six carbon atoms, with etherification catalysts to be converted into polyglycol ether. This works in the presence of etherification catalysts, as which U.S. Patent 2,492,955 dehydrogenation catalysts such as in particular also the known etherification catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid names. But even if the condensation period is longer, it will not be possible to build up longer polyether chains, i.e. to obtain higher molecular weights. In addition, the catalysts block the end groups of the resulting polyether easily exceed, so that these are very common do not have the full extent of the expected hydroxyl end groups.
Ee wurde nun die überraschende Feststellung gemacht, daß man leicht und in guter Ausbeute zu hydrophoben Polyglykoläthern mit endständigen Hydroxylgruppen kommen kann, wenn man aliphatisohe Diole, deren OH-Gruppen durch eine Kohlenstoffkette lit mindestens sechs C-Atomen verbunden sind, mit Naphthalindisulfosäure oder Benzoldisulfosäure auf Temperaturen von 120 -250°C erhitzt.The surprising finding has now been made that one can easily and in good yield to hydrophobic polyglycol ethers with terminal hydroxyl groups can come when one aliphatic diols, whose OH groups through a carbon chain lit at least six carbon atoms are connected with naphthalene disulfonic acid or benzene disulfonic acid heated to temperatures of 120-250 ° C.
Geeignete aliphatische Diole, die erfindungsgemäß verwendet werden, sind beispielsweise 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,7-Heptandiol, 1 ,8-Octandiol, 1 , 10-Dekandiol, 1,12-Octadekandiol, Octadecen-9,10-diol-1,12,Hexahydroxylenglykol. Andere Glykole wie Triäthylenglykol, Butandiol-1,4-bis-ß-oxäthyläther, Hexandiol- 1,6-ß-oxyäthyläther lassen sich allein nur in schlechter Ausbeute zu den gewünschten Polyäthern kondensieren, da sie als Oxäthylierungsprodukt unter den Bedingungen der Verätherung Äthylenoxyd abspalten. Zur Erreichung besonderer Effekte, wie z,B. Herabsetzung des Kristallisationsvermögens, kann es wünschenswert sein, unter Inkaufnahme anderer Nachteile (schlechte Ausbeute) solche Glykole bei der Polyverätherung in untergeordeneten Mengen mitzuverwenden. Durch Mitverwendung von Polyalkoholen wie Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit, Glycerin, Mannit im untergeordeneten Maße lassen sich auch verzweigte Polyäther herstellen.Suitable aliphatic diols which are used according to the invention are for example 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1,12-octadecanediol, octadecene-9,10-diol-1,12, hexahydroxylene glycol. Other glycols such as triethylene glycol, butanediol-1,4-bis-ß-oxäthylether, hexanediol 1,6-ß-oxyethyl ether can only be condensed to the desired polyethers in poor yield, since it is ethylene oxide as an oxyethylation product under the conditions of etherification split off. To achieve special effects, such as Reduction of the crystallization capacity, it may be desirable to accept other disadvantages (poor yield) to use such glycols in polyetherification in subordinate amounts. By using polyalcohols such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, glycerine, Branched polyethers can also be produced to a subordinate extent in mannitol.
Zur Herstellung der Polyglykoläther kann man so verfahren, daß man die aliphatsichen Diole in Gegenwart von etwa 0,05 -5 % des Verätherungskatalysators auf Temperaturen zwischen 120 und 2500, vorzugsweise 160 - 2000, erhitzt bis die berechnete Wassermenge abgeepalten und die gewünschte OH-Zahl erreicht ist. Das letzte Kondensationsstadium kann im Vakuum durchgeftihrt werden. Es empfiehlt sich, besonders wenn hellfarbige Produkte angestrebt werden, die Kondensation in einer Inertgas-Atmosphare, etwa unter Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxyd durchzuführen.To prepare the polyglycol ethers, one can proceed in such a way that one the aliphatic diols in the presence of about 0.05-5% of the etherification catalyst heated to temperatures between 120 and 2500, preferably 160-2000, until the The calculated amount of water is split off and the desired OH number is reached. That The last stage of condensation can be carried out in vacuo. It is advisable, especially if light-colored products are desired, the condensation in one Inert gas atmosphere, for example under nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Pür die Weiterverarbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Polyäther zu Kunststoffen ist es besonders wichtig, daß sich am Ende eines jeden Molekjls OH-Endgruppen befinden, da in allen Fällen, wo man nach dem Isocyanat-Polyadditions-Verfahren arbeitet, Moleküle, die nicht mindestens 2 mit Isocyanaten reagierende Endgruppen aufweisen, als Kettenabbrecher wirken, wodurch ein Wachstum der Moleküle zu den Molekulargewichtsbereichen, die für gute mechanische Eigenschaften erforderlich sind, verhindert wird.For the further processing of the polyethers according to the invention into plastics it is particularly important that there are OH end groups at the end of each molecule, because in all cases where the isocyanate polyaddition process is used, Molecules, which do not have at least 2 end groups which react with isocyanates as chain terminators act, causing a growth of the molecules to the molecular weight ranges that required for good mechanical properties is prevented.
Die Blockierung von OH-Endgruppen wird durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Katalysatoren verhindert. Es können aber noch auf andere Weise Endgruppen verschwinden. Etwa wie bei der Herstellung niedermolekularer Äther als Nebenprodukte Olefine anfallen, können durch lntramolekulare H20-Abspaltung auch in manchen Fällen, besonders wenn man größere Mengen (>1,') Verätherungskatalysator und/oder Glykole mit sekundären oder tertiären Hydroxylgruppen verwendet, äthylenisch ungesättigte Gruppen unter Verlust von Hydroxylgruppen am Ende der Kette auftreten.The blocking of OH end groups is achieved through the use of the inventive Catalysts prevented. However, end groups can also disappear in other ways. As in the production of low molecular weight ethers, olefins are byproducts, can also in some cases, especially if larger amounts (> 1, ') etherification catalyst and / or glycols with secondary or tertiary hydroxyl groups are used, ethylenically unsaturated groups below Loss of hydroxyl groups can occur at the end of the chain.
Dieser unerwünschten Nebenreaktionen kann dadurch begegnet werden, daß man die erhaltenen Polyglykoläther gegebenenfalls noch mit Hydroxymerkaptanen behandelt. Durch diese Anlagerung, die nach an sich bekannten Methoden der Anlagerung von Merkaptanen an Doppelbindungen erfolgt, werden also die Hydroxylendgruppen an den Polyätherketten wiederhergestellt. Merkaptane, die fur diesen Zweck geeignet sind, sind beispielsweise Merkaptoäthanol, Merkaptopropanol, 1-Merkapto-4-hydroxybutan. In gleicher Weise läßt sich auch durch Addition von Dischwefeldichlorid, Schwefeldichlorid oder Sulfenylchloriden, die noch NCO-Gruppen enthalten wie z. B. der. ungeeättigte Charakter der Polyäther beseitigen und die Polyfunktionalität wiederherstellen.These undesirable side reactions can be countered by treating the polyglycol ethers obtained with hydroxy mercaptans, if necessary. As a result of this addition, which takes place according to methods known per se for the addition of mercaptans to double bonds, the hydroxyl end groups on the polyether chains are restored. Mercaptans which are suitable for this purpose are, for example, mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropanol and 1-mercapto-4-hydroxybutane. In the same way, by adding disulfur dichloride, sulfur dichloride or sulfenyl chlorides which still contain NCO groups such as. B. the. Eliminate the unsaturated character of the polyethers and restore the polyfunctionality.
Perner ist es auch möglich, eventuell vorliegend endetändige olefinische Doppelbindungen durch andere an sich bekannte Reaktionen wie Epoxydierung oder Ozonisierung und anschließende Spaltung des Epoxyds oder Ozonids, bzw. Anlagerung von unterchloriger Säure, in Hydroxylgruppen enthaltende Endgruppen überzuführen.Perner it is also possible, possibly in the present case, terminated olefinic Double bonds through other known reactions such as epoxidation or ozonization and subsequent Cleavage of the epoxy or ozonide, or deposition of hypochlorous acid, to be converted into terminal groups containing hydroxyl groups.
Zur Entfernung des Verätherungskatalysators aus der Reaktionsmasse nach beendeter Wasserabspaltung kann man das Verfahrensprodukt mit Ammoniak unter Druck oder mit der zur Neutralisation des Katalysators erforderlichen Menge einer Base wie Alkali-oder Erdalkalioxyd oder hydroxyd behandeln.To remove the etherification catalyst from the reaction mass after the elimination of water has ended, the process product can be treated with ammonia Pressure or with the amount required to neutralize the catalyst Treat base like alkali or alkaline earth oxide or hydroxide.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Polyglykoläther können ein Molekulargewicht von etwa 600 bia 10 000 und mehr aufweisen. Sie sind wertvolle Ausgangamaterialien zur Herstellung von Kunststoffen, beispielsweise nach dem Isocyanat-Polyadditions-Verfahren.The polyglycol ethers produced by the process according to the invention can have a molecular weight of about 600 to 10,000 and more. they are valuable starting materials for the production of plastics, for example after the isocyanate polyaddition process.
In den folgenden Beispielen sind die angeführten Teile Gewichtsteile.In the following examples the parts given are parts by weight.
Beispiel 1: 1180 Teile 1,6-Hexandiol werden nach Zusatz von 0,3 % Naphthalin-1,5-disulfosäure unter Durchleiten von C02 auf 180 --1900 erhitzt. Es setzt eine lebhafte H20-Abapaltung ein; gleichzeitig gehen geringe Mengen eines wasserunlöslichen Öles über. Nachdem 150 cm3 H20 abgespalten worden sind, wa. nach 7 - 8 Stunden der Fall ist, wird ein Vakuum von 20 mm angelegt. Nach weiterer Kondensation von 12 Stunden unter Vakuum bei 180 - 1900 ist eine OH-Zahl von 56 erreicht.Example 1: 1180 parts of 1,6-hexanediol are added after adding 0.3% Naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid heated to 180-1900 while passing CO 2 through it. It a vigorous H20 elimination sets in; at the same time, small amounts of one go water-insoluble oil. After 150 cm3 H20 have been split off, wa. after 7 - 8 hours is the case, a vacuum of 20 mm is applied. After further condensation of 12 hours under Vacuum at 180 - 1900 is an OH number of 56 reached.
Ausbeute:870 Teile = 87 % d.Th.Yield: 870 parts = 87% of theory
Das Polyhexandiol ist ein helles festes Produkt vom Brweichungspunkt 50 - 650. Zur Entfernung des Katalysator. wird gleichzeitig Wasserdampf und KH3-Gas bei 1000 in die Schmelze des Polykondensate. geblasen und anschließend nach der Entwässerung von den ausgeschiedenen Ammonsalzen abfiltriert.The polyhexanediol is a light, solid product with a softening point 50 - 650. To remove the catalyst. becomes steam and KH3 gas at the same time at 1000 in the melt of the polycondensate. blown and then after the Dehydration filtered off from the ammonium salts excreted.
Ver£leichsversuch: 1180 Teile Hexandiol werden wie in Beispiel 1 bschrieben mit 0,3 % p-Toluolsulfosäure kondensiert. Wasser wird abgespalten; gleichzeitig destillieren bemerkenswerte Mengen eines wasserunlöslichen Öles über.Die Menge des Öle beträgt etwa 25 - 30 % des Ausgangsmaterials, es besteht im wesentlichen au5 cyclischem Hexamethylenoxyd und Cyclohexen. Selbst nach einer Kondensationszeit von 150 Stunden mit oder ohne Vakuum gelangt man nicht zu einem Polyäther mit einer OH-Zahl kleiner als 369, d.h. man kommt nicht über einen kurskettigen Polyäther hinaue. Das Produkt ist ein dunkelbraunes haibfestos Material mit einer OH-Zahl von 369.Comparison test: 1180 parts of hexanediol are described as in Example 1 condensed with 0.3% p-toluenesulfonic acid. Water is split off; simultaneously distilled over remarkable amounts of a water-insoluble oil Oils make up about 25 - 30% of the starting material, it essentially consists of 5 cyclic hexamethylene oxide and cyclohexene. Even after a condensation period 150 hours with or without a vacuum will not produce a polyether with a OH number less than 369, i.e. you cannot get through a chain polyether look. The product is a dark brown haibfestos material with an OH number of 369.
Beispiel 2: 1180 Teile Hexandiol werden mit 0,1 * m-Benzoldisulfosäure gemäß Beispiel 1 kondensiert. Wird die Polykondensation bei einer OH-Zahl von 100 abgebrochen, so beträgt die Ausbeute 900 g = 90 % d.Th.Example 2: 1180 parts of hexanediol are mixed with 0.1 * m-benzene disulphonic acid condensed according to Example 1. If the polycondensation is carried out with an OH number of 100 terminated, the yield is 900 g = 90% of theory.
Beispiel 3s Die Mischung von 1180 Teilen Hexandiol und 134 Teilen Trimethylolpropan wird in Gegenwart von 0,3 % Naphthalin-disulfosäure gemäß Beispiel 1 kondensiert. Der resultierende verzweigte Polyäther ist ein dickflüssiges, helles Öl, die OH-Zahl ist 320. Ausbeute: 88 % d.Th.Example 3s The mixture of 1180 parts of hexanediol and 134 parts Trimethylolpropane is in the presence of 0.3% naphthalene disulfonic acid according to the example 1 condensed. The resulting branched polyether is a thick, light-colored one Oil, the OH number is 320. Yield: 88% of theory.
Beispiel 4: 1500 Teile 1,6-Hexandiol und 1500 Teile Triäthylenglykol werden unter Zusatz von 0,5 % Naphthalindisulfosäure gemäß Beispiel 1 kondensiert bis eine OH-Zahl von 62 erreicht ist.Example 4: 1500 parts of 1,6-hexanediol and 1500 parts of triethylene glycol are condensed according to Example 1 with the addition of 0.5% naphthalenedisulphonic acid until an OH number of 62 is reached.
Ausbeute 2@@@ g. Das Produkt ist ein hellgelbes Öl welches in Wasser emulgierbar ist.Yield 2 @@@ g. The product is a light yellow oil which is in water is emulsifiable.
Beispiel 5: 1740 Teile 1,10-Dekamethylenglykol werden mit 0,3 % Naphthalindisulfosäure gemäß Beispiel 1 kondensiert. Das Polykondensat hat eine OH-Zahl von 61. Ausbeute 92 % d.Th.Example 5: 1740 parts of 1,10-decamethylene glycol are mixed with 0.3% naphthalene disulfonic acid condensed according to Example 1. The polycondensate has an OH number of 61. Yield 92% of theory
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DEF0045223 | 1965-02-12 | ||
DEF0045223 | 1965-02-12 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE1570540A1 true DE1570540A1 (en) | 1970-03-12 |
DE1570540B2 DE1570540B2 (en) | 1972-06-15 |
DE1570540C DE1570540C (en) | 1973-08-30 |
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Cited By (31)
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US4808691A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-02-28 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Polyether-polycarbonate diols and processes for their production and use |
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