DE1551448C

DE1551448C - Heat exchanger with axially parallel tubes that have rectangular ends

Info

Publication number: DE1551448C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. 7140 Ludwigsburg Tiefenbacher
Original assignee: Daimler Benz AG
Current assignee: Daimler Benz AG
Publication date: 1972-02-17

Description

1 21 2

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher mit Schweißstellen erforderlich sind und daher die Herinnerhalb eines Gehäuses angeordneten achsparalle- stellung teuer und reparaturanfällig ist. Für den len Rohren, die in mehreren, über- oder nebenein- stirnseitigen Abschluß der zwischen den Rohren anderliegenden, jeweils um den Betrag des Durch- befindlichen Hohlräume ist ein besonderer Boden messers der Rohre versetzten Ebenen angeordnet 5 erforderlich, der die den Rohrquerschnitten entsind und deren im Querschnitt rechteckige Enden sprechenden Ausschnitte aufweisen muß und an den innerhalb einer Rohrebene ohne Abstand neben- die flachen Rohre angeschweißt oder angelötet wereinanderliegend in stirnseitig angeordnete gemein- den müssen. Durch die entsprechende Ausgestaltung same Sammelflansche münden zum Anschluß des des stirnseitigen Abschlußbodens und des Gitter-Rohrbündels an eine Ein- bzw. Auslaßöffnung für io rostes ist es nicht möglich, den Wärmetauscher enteines der beiden am Wärmetausch beteiligten Fluide, . sprechend den jeweiligen Erfordernissen durch einwährend das andere Fluid im Gegenstrom außen : fache Maßnahmen zu vergrößern oder zu verkleinern, an den Rohren entlanggeführt ist. Es ist weiterhin eine Wärmetauscher mit plattenför-The invention relates to a heat exchanger with welds which are required and therefore the inside a housing arranged axially parallel position is expensive and prone to repair. For the len pipes, which are in several, over- or side-face termination of the between the pipes A special soil is a special soil knife of the pipes staggered planes arranged 5 necessary, which ent the pipe cross-sections and whose ends, which are rectangular in cross section, must have speaking cutouts and to the Within one pipe level, the flat pipes are welded or soldered next to one another without any spacing in communes arranged at the front. Through the appropriate design The same collecting flanges lead to the connection of the end base and the lattice tube bundle It is not possible to connect the heat exchanger to an inlet or outlet opening for io rusts of the two fluids involved in the heat exchange,. speaking the respective requirements through one-time the other fluid in countercurrent outside: multiple measures to increase or decrease, is guided along the pipes. It is also a heat exchanger with plate-conveying

Bei einem bekannten derartigen Wärmetauscher migen Austauschelementen bekannt, die aus einem sind drei Ebenen von dicht nebeneinander angeord- 15 ebenen Blech bestehen, auf dem ein Wellblech beneten Rohren im Abstand übereinander angeordnet. festigt ist. Diese Austauschelemente werden beim Für jede Rohrreihe sind jeweils drei triehterförmige Zusammenbau aufeinander geschichtet. Um einen Sammelfi ansehe vorgesehen, die. mehrere Rohre Ein- bzw. Auslaß für das zwischen den einzelnen einer Rohrreihe miteinander verbinden und überein- Austauschelementen strömende Fluid zu schaffen, ander angeordnet sind. Die jeweils übereinander- 20 sind die Enden des Wellbleches zu reckteckigen liegenden trichterförmigen Sammelflansche sind Kästen abgeflacht, die von dem ebenen Blech verwiederum an einen gemeinsamen Anschlußflansch schlossen werden. Das durch die Wellbleche geangeschlossen, der aus dem Gehäuseboden des die bildete Rohrpaket befindet sich in einem geschlosgesamten Rohre umhüllenden Gehäuses herausragt. senen Gehäuse, an welches Zu- bzw. Ableitungs-Diese bekannte Ausführungsform besitzt den Nach- 25 flansche für die Fluide angeschlossen sind. Im Verteil, daß sie infolge einer ungünstigen Anordnung gleich zu den beiden, vorgenannten Ausführungen der Rohre und durch eine konstruktiv aufwendige von Wärmetauschern ist der Wärmeübergang bei Zusammenfassung der einzelnen Rohrbündel in den diesem bekannten Wärmeaustauseher schlecht; denn Anschlußflanschen eine erhebliche Baulänge und die Kühloberfläche der sich gegenseitig berührenden Bauhöhe beansprucht, so daß dieser Wärmetauscher 30 Wellblechrohre ist verhältnismäßig klein. Weitere z. B. in ortsbeweglichen Gasturbinen nicht verwend- Nachteile dieses bekannten Wärmetauschers bestehen bar ist. Nachteilig- ist außerdem, daß wegen der ■ darm, daß die Herstellung- der einzelnen Wellblechgroßen Anzahl der Sammelflansche viele Einzelteile rohre aufwendig ist, wobei, gleichzeitig viele Dichtbenötigt werden, deren Montage schwierig ist„ da stellen auftreten, die die Reparaturanfälligkeit dieses wegen der zahlreichen Dichtungsstreifen jeweils- eine 35 Wärmetauschers erheblich erhöhen,
genaue Einpassung notwendig ist. Da das äußere Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Gehäuse für das die Rohre umströmende Fluid in Nachteile der Wärmetauscher der eingangs genannten bestimmten Abmaßen vorgegeben ist, läßt sich in Art zu· beseitigen und einen' leichten Wärmetauscher dem Gehäuse nur eine bestimmte Anzahl von Rohren geringer Abmessungen und geringen Gewichtes zu unterbringen. Der Wärmetauscher muß daher von 40 schaffen, der mit einfachen¹ Mitteln leicht herzustelvornherein für einen bestimmten Verwendungszweck len ist und auf Grund seines Aufbaues ohne weiteres dimensioniert sein und kann nachträglich' nicht an- an· Konturen von Gehäusen¹ od! dgl. zur Platzeinspaveränderte Gegebenheiten angepaßt werden. Zur rung angepaßt werden kann und in Form von Bau-Erzielung eines besseren Wärmeüberganges ist es einheiten verwendbar ist, so daß der Wärmetauscher durch den beschriebenen Wärmetauscher auch be- 45 durch· Verwendung von Einzelelementen bei bester kanntgeworden, die vorher in einer Ebene neben- Materialausnutzung und höchstem Wirkungsgrad beeinander angeordneten Rohre in zwei parallelen liebig vergrößert und verkleinert werden kann.
Ebenen anzuordnen, so daß die Rohre entsprechend Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von der eingangs dichter zusammengerückt werden können.. Dazu sind bezeichneten bekannten Art. von Wärmetauschern jedoch aufwendige fertigungstechnische Maßnahmen 50 erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen den erforderlich, wie z. B., daß die Enden der Rohre Rohrebenen jeweils an den rechteckigen Rohrenden gekröpft und schmäler ausgeführt sein müssen, damit einen Rohrboden bildende Leisten angeordnet sind eine, größere. Anzahl, von. Rohren, in. der Halterung und- jede zweite der Leisten-, deren· Dicken der der trichterförmigen Sammelflansche aufgenommen Rechteckhöhe der Rohrenden entsprechen, an. ihrem werden kann. ^:·■■'·■ "'-"■ "■■■ -^; "· ^:53- einen· Ende-auf'eine-solche Länge umgeschlagen ist,In a known heat exchanger of this type, exchange elements are known which consist of three planes of tightly juxtaposed flat sheet metal, on which a corrugated sheet metal tubes are arranged at a distance one above the other. is consolidated. For each row of tubes, three tread-shaped assemblies are stacked on top of each other. To see a Sammelfi provided that. several tubes inlet and outlet for connecting to one another between the individual tubes of a row of tubes and to create fluid flowing through exchange elements, which are arranged on the other. The funnel-shaped collecting flanges lying one on top of the other, the ends of the corrugated metal sheet, are rectangular and are flattened boxes which are connected to a common connecting flange by the flat sheet metal. This is connected by the corrugated sheet metal and protrudes from the bottom of the housing of the tube package that is formed in a housing that encloses the entire tube. This known embodiment has the downstream flanges for the fluids are connected to the inlet and outlet. In the distribution that they are the same as the two aforementioned versions of the tubes due to an unfavorable arrangement and due to a structurally complex heat exchanger, the heat transfer is poor when the individual tube bundles are combined in the heat exchangers known to this; because connecting flanges take up a considerable overall length and the cooling surface of the height in contact with one another, so that this heat exchanger 30 corrugated iron pipes is relatively small. More z. B. not used in portable gas turbines Disadvantages of this known heat exchanger are bar. It is also disadvantageous that because of the fact that the production of the individual corrugated sheet metal large number of collecting flanges, many individual parts are tubes, many individual parts are required at the same time, the assembly of which is difficult “there occur that the susceptibility to repair this because of the numerous Sealing strips each- a 35 heat exchanger considerably increase,
exact fitting is necessary. Since the object of the invention is to provide the housing for the fluid flowing around the tubes with the disadvantages of the heat exchangers of the specific dimensions mentioned at the beginning, this can be eliminated and a light heat exchanger can only add a certain number of tubes to the housing to accommodate small dimensions and light weight. The heat exchanger must therefore create from 40, which is ^{easy to manufacture with simple 1} means for a specific purpose and, due to its construction, be dimensioned without further ado and cannot subsequently be adapted to the contours of housings ¹ or 2. Like. Be adapted to space savings changed circumstances. It can be adapted for the purpose and in the form of building a better heat transfer, it can be used in units, so that the heat exchanger through the heat exchanger described can also be used in the best possible way through the use of individual elements that were previously in a plane as well as material utilization and with the highest degree of efficiency, pipes arranged one next to the other can be enlarged and reduced in size in two parallel at will.
To arrange levels, so that the tubes according to this task will be able to be moved closer together starting from the above. For this purpose, the designated known type. B. that the ends of the tubes tube planes must be cranked and narrower at the rectangular tube ends so that strips forming a tube sheet are arranged a larger one. Number of. Pipes, in the holder and every second of the strips, the thicknesses of which correspond to the rectangular height of the pipe ends recorded by the funnel-shaped collecting flanges. can become yours. ^: · ■■ '· ■ "'-" ■ "■■■ - ^; " · ^: 53- one · end-to-such a length is turned over,

Bei einem anderen Wärmetauscher ist es, bskarmt- daß die genannte Vensefcung' den Kohrebenen entsteht,In the case of another heat exchanger it is, bskarmt- that the above-mentioned connection arises in the plane of the pipe,

geworden, daß die das eine Fluid; führendem Rohre Durch diese Maßnahmen; ist der erfindungsgemäßebecome that the one fluid; leading pipes Through these measures; is the invention

an beiden Enden in den freien Feldern eines Gitter- Wärmetauscher auf. Grund seines- einfachen Aufbausat both ends in the free fields of a grid heat exchanger. Because of its simple structure

rostes oder in unter sich zu einem Paket verschweiß- in der Baulänge und Bauhöhe erheblich verkleinert, ten oder verlöteten Manschetten sitzen und mit den 60 so daß er z. B. für ortsbewegliche Gasturbinen ver-rust or welded together to form a package - considerably reduced in length and height, th or soldered cuffs sit and with the 60 so that he z. B. for portable gas turbines

Gitterrosten bzw. mit den Manschetten verschweißt wendbar ist. Durch die zwischen den fugenlos neben-Grating or welded to the sleeves is reversible. Due to the jointless adjacent

oder verlötet sind. Der Giterrost besteht aus flachen einander angeordneten rechteckigen Rohrenden lie-or are soldered. The grating consists of flat rectangular tube ends arranged one on top of the other.

Eisenstäben von wenigen Millimetern Dicke und einer genden Leisten, die einerseits die Rohrschichten inIron rods a few millimeters thick and a sloping strip, which on the one hand the pipe layers in

Breite, die der gewünschten Rohrbodenstärke ent- einem bestimmten Abstand halten und andererseits spricht. Die Manschetten-Pakete sitzen jeweils in den 65 den sich zwischen den Rohrschichten bildendenWidths that keep a certain distance from the desired tube sheet thickness and on the other hand speaks. The cuff packages each sit in the 65 that are formed between the pipe layers

freien Feldern des Gitterrostes. Auch dieser bekannte Kohlraum in Richtung zu den Sammelflanschen, infree fields of the grating. This well-known Kohlraum in the direction of the collecting flanges, in

Wärmetauscher hat den Nachteil einer aufwendigen die die Rohrenden einmünden, abdichten, ist esHeat exchanger has the disadvantage of an expensive seal that opens the pipe ends, it is

Konstruktion, wobei zusätzlich viele Löt- und möglich, die Ein- und Auslaßflansche der FluideConstruction, in addition, many soldering and possible, the inlet and outlet flanges of the fluids

Claims

33 44th

to be arranged laterally on the housing of the heat exchanger. 3 a partial section through the invention

NEN, so that the overall length of the heat exchanger according to formed inflow and outflow channels

is significantly reduced. With this arrangement of the inside the heat exchanger along the line ίίϊ-ΙΠ

Components that are initially shown in Fig. 1.

parts brings ^ because the Rotoiägen m any 5 in Fig. 1 are within the heat exchanger height can be arranged one above the other in the housing, housing 1, the tubes 2 is achieved in one plane to each other at the same time that the fluids are arranged through a green. The continuous guidance of the flow path that is to be heated or cooled, the heat fluid flows through, for example, the pipes % through which the exchangers can flow unhindered. The offset of the pipe layers at the ends in a common frontal side offset has an io gene holder which, as a collecting flange 8 of the housing, results in improved heat transfer. Often it is trained to be grouped. The heating is necessary for reasons of strength, the external or cooling fluid flows through an inlet 3 side housing of a heat exchanger in a curved manner immediately behind the one collecting flange of the ren so that the strips are made in the same length 15 to the fluid to be heated or cooled, while the ends of the strips are correspondingly changed collecting flange and are turned over laterally out of the length of the insert into the housing, the outlet 4 is led out. The tubes 2 are at and as a result of them, the rectangular heights of the tube. their ends 12 over the area of the entry or end corresponding thickness, the differences in 'outlet 3, · 4 of the heating or cooling fluid of the various planes 20 provided with pipes can be flattened rectangular and seamlessly next to each other. This design can also be arranged. The individual tube levels are arranged on machines or the like by adapting the heat exchanger to the contours of strips 13 at a certain distance from one another, thus saving space. The strips 13 can be achieved with slots 7. see that in the collecting flange 8 of the heat

To fasten the pipes, engage in exchanger housing 1 by means of the strips. This creates a

the housing can achieve greater strength in a particularly advantageous manner; in addition, at the

design of the subject matter of the invention provided a simplification, during transport and at

be hen that the strips at their ends slots of the soldering ensures better stability,

have, with which they are in the collecting flanges As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be seen are

of the housing can be used, and that the outermost 30, the tubes 2 of the heat exchanger in adjacent

Bar is provided with an inclined clamping surface, levels offset from one another. With one like that

so that this staggered arrangement under the clamping effect results in a more uniform arrangement

flanging is held. The strips therefore fill spaces between the individual tubes 2,

on the one hand, the purpose of the tubes in a certain so that a more favorable heat transfer possible

th distance from each other and on the other hand 35 is borrowed. All strips 13 have a thickness that

the purpose, between the outermost tubes of the rectangular height of the flattened tube ends 12

and the cavity located in the collecting flanges. Every second bar 13 is at its end,

to be sealed to the outside. A bend or at 18, turned down to the different number

a narrowing or even a change in the pipes 2 of two adjacent levels

the pipes or the pipe ends is not necessary. 40 to be able to.

The heat exchanger according to the invention can also, as shown in FIG. 2, the small space available can be adapted by means of the structural elements to the gas turbine manifold flange 8a, which can also be curved Length on. For attachment to the layers arranged one above the other in the housing 45 collecting flange 8 α will be a slot 7 in the strips. While the collecting flanges are milled in for the fluid flowing through the pipes at the end faces of the housing corresponds to the curvature of the heat exchanger. This slot 7 will only be located in a housing; it can advantageously be milled out if the strips 13 are already provided for a structural design of the invention that the unit is assembled. If one were to do without the inlet or outlet for the strips not turning through the tubes, flowing fluid would have to be in a known manner at the side of each tube end 12 on the outer contour with a different curvature bar behind the tube sheet of the tube bundle be provided
is arranged and the rectangular cross-section of the In F i g. 3 it can be seen that the pipe ends extend over this area in the area. These dimensions of the inlet or outlet opening of the heating or take are on the one hand to facilitate the 55 cooling fluids relatively large spaces 9 between the assembly of the components of the invention see the individual levels of the tubes 2 available heat exchanger and on the other hand are the connection, so that the fluid can be distributed evenly over the flanges for the two fluids separated from each other, whole heat exchanger. The top so that a monitoring and easy accessibility bar 13 α is possible for assembly reasons with a sloping case of a repair. 60 against clamping surface 11 executed. This bar 13 a

The object of the invention is in the drawing can cause a clamping effect so that the

tion is shown on an exemplary embodiment and assembly is simplified,
is described in more detail below. It shows

Fig. A basic example of the arrangement of the pipes patent claims:
of the heat exchanger, which are offset from one another, 65

Fig. 2 the fastening of the pipes in a 1st heat exchanger with within a GeWärmetauscher axially parallel pipes arranged with a curved collecting housing, the flange, in several superposed or adjacent,

planes offset by the amount of the diameter of the tubes are arranged and whose ends, which are rectangular in cross section, lie next to one another without any spacing within a pipe plane Common collecting flanges arranged on the front end open for connection of the tube bundle to an inlet or outlet opening for one of the two fluids involved in the heat exchange, while the other fluid is in countercurrent is guided along the outside of the tubes, d a characterized in that between the Tube levels at each of the rectangular tube ends (12) forming a tube sheet strips (13) are arranged and every second of the strips, the thickness of which corresponds to the rectangular height of the pipe ends correspond, is turned over at one end to such a length that said offset of the pipe planes.

2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the strips (13) at their ends have slots (7) with which they can be used in the collecting flanges (8) of the housing and that the outermost strip (13 a) with a bevel Clamping surface (11) is provided.

3. Heat exchanger according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the input or Outlet for the fluid which does not flow through the tubes (2) in a known manner, directly laterally is arranged behind the tube sheet of the tube bundle and has the rectangular cross-section the pipe ends (12) extends over this area.

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings