DE1538967A1 - Electrodynamic power generation and propulsion device - Google Patents

Description

Electrodynamic power generation and propulsion device

The invention relates to an electrodynamic device that enables an electrical one optionally Generate electricity when given a reciprocating motion, the frequency of the electricity being the frequency corresponds to the reciprocating motion or to produce a reciprocating motion when with an electric current is fed, in this case the frequency of the movement corresponds to that of the Stromes

The generator according to the invention comprises a rod-shaped, in the following called anchor movable member and one Stator or stator «The stator points to a first

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Embodiment a magnetic exciter, which at one end of the armature and a positive pole the other end of which creates a negative pole. Furthermore, the stand has two each on one or the other side of the middle position of the armature arranged windings which are connected in opposition to one another o

If the power is low, the magnetic exciter can come from one or more permanent magnets be formed5 if the services against it are larger, the exciter is formed by a winding made of a direct current or rectified Alternating current is flowing through it.

If the device according to the invention is used as a generator, the armature is a reciprocating Movement around its center position granted; through this movement becomes in both sides this middle position arranged stator windings an alternating electromotive Generates force, the frequency of which is equal to that of the movement of the armature.

If the device according to the invention decays as a power consumer, both sides are in the middle position The windings arranged in the armature are fed with alternating current, thereby giving the armature a reciprocating motion

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Movement whose frequency is that of the winding feeding current is equal to "

In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the armature is a reciprocating Translational movement granted «In another embodiment, the anchor is given a reciprocating motion Rotary movement granted «.

According to an alternative feature of the invention, the armature is formed by a permanent magnet and acts thus as a magnetic exciter “There is therefore no Excitation by means of direct current, which serves the armature to give its polarity; this considerably reduces the dimensions of the device according to the invention. In addition, the windings and the entire construction are simplified, since the device only has two induction coils includes.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the Invention, the armature is composed of rings made of hard or "hard magnetic ferrite" stacked on top of each other. This way you get one against Poucault currents insensitive pathogen, as the hard ferrites are non-conductive. Since the course of the lines of force of the Field that penetrates the armature for its magnetization, in hand, the armature can have a constant cross-section without pole branches and can therefore be

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layers formed by rings that are identical to one another be*

Such an embodiment is suitable for making devices of all sizes.

In devices for reciprocating rotary motion, too, the armature is preferably a permanent magnet formed, which thus serves as an exciter, whereby the same advantages result here as with devices for reciprocating translational movements whose anchor is formed by a permanent magnet. This pathogen is preferably formed by stacking rings made of hard ferrite »

According to a further feature of the invention, a tube made of magnetic material is provided on the stand, inside which the pathogen with a very small gap is movable.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention with this feature, the tube is designed in such a way that on the one hand it can be assembled with the stand and on the other hand it guides the lines of force to the poles of the exciter. For this purpose, the tube has a weakening _{0 at the level of the induction coils}

With this arrangement of the magnetic tube results

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complete isolation of the anchor or pathogen from the external environment »It thus enables without stuffing boxes or similar seals it would be necessary to create reciprocating movements inside sealed housings «This arrangement is thus particularly suitable for pumps and compressors, the tube then being used as a cylinder If the pressures that occur are high, reinforcing rings can be attached to the weakened sections of the pipe Provide insulating material of high mechanical strength, for example made of polyester »

Such a tube made of magnetic material can just as well be used in reciprocating devices Apply translational motions as with devices for reciprocating rotational motion

The tube can be composed of several rings which are connected to one another in some way, for example by gluing or screwing using seals Groove fillings act, be composed. These insulating parts can be made of polyester, also commercially available under the name ¹¹ CEIORON ¹¹ , "ΚΕΙ P ^n, or another material of sufficient mechanical strength." The pole pieces themselves can be made of soft

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or «soft magnetic ferrite or consist of radially arranged and glued silicon sheets ₀

When the magnetic drill consists of a single piece or pole pieces made of solid magnetic, conductive Material includes, the induction coils must be fed with pulsating direct current, so that the losses are reduced by Foucault currents occurring in the tube or pole pieces. If the pole pieces oppose it consist of soft ferrite or sheet silicon, the induction coils can be fed with alternating current will.

As areas of application of the invention, in particular mention the following

1. household electrical machines

Stirrers, mixers, razors, vibration massagers, Brushes of various types, washing machines, etc.?

2. Industrial Applications

Vibrators, kneading or mixing mechanisms, pumps, reciprocating saws, power generation systems, encapsulated compressors for refrigerators and refrigerating machines \ small encapsulated pumps for sucking off gas or metering fluids; Air compressors for control purposes as well as small compressors for the individual actuation of pneumatic valves controlled by electronic signals »

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3ο Various facilities:

Microphones, pickups, speakers, Sehwingungsmeßgeräte, small independent generators for ver _r schledene Anwendungszweeke, driving of vehicles or the like, etc.

The invention is illustrated in the following with the aid of a schematic Drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of an inventive Longitudinal section showing the direction of the door; -

Pig. 2 shows an encapsulated device according to the invention in longitudinal section j

Pig, 3 a longitudinal section of an embodiment particularly suitable as a mixing or kneading unit;

Pig «4 is a plan view partially drawn in cross section the embodiment of Figure 3, in which the housing of the device is shown;

5 shows a longitudinal section of another embodiment, their anchor directly for conveying or compressing

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a fluid is used;

6 shows a longitudinal section of a further embodiment;

7 shows a section along the line VII - VII in FIG. 6;

Pigβ 8 shows an only partially drawn longitudinal section the line VIII-VIII in Pig. 7;

Pige 9 shows a cross section of an embodiment in which the armature is given a reciprocating rotary motion;

Pige 1o is a circuit diagram of the embodiment according to Pige 9 provided coils ^

11 is a longitudinal section of a device which performs reciprocating translational movements with a pathogen or anchor;

Pige12 is a longitudinal section of another embodiment an anchor;

13 shows a longitudinal section of an armature made of hard ferrite for a reciprocating rotary motion generating device;

Figure 14 is a plan view of one of the parts of the anchor according to FIG Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a longitudinal section of a solid magnetic tube; Pigei6 a circuit diagram of the induction coils; 17 shows a longitudinal section of a stacked one on top of the other tube formed by magnetic and insulating parts;

Fig.18 shows the general arrangement of the magnetic Excitation circuit;

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19 shows a longitudinal section of a pump j and Pig. 2o a longitudinal section of a mixing or kneading mechanism.

As the schematic diagram in FIG. 1 shows, according to a first embodiment, the motor generator according to the invention comprises a stator 1 and an armature 2 made of magnetic material? both together form the magnetic circuit of the device · An induction coil 3 is provided on the stand 1; on both sides of which there are two coils 4 or ₀ 5, which are connected in opposition to one another _{or the like}

The coil 3 is fed and generated with direct current a magnetic field that closes over the armature 2 according to the lines of force P · The lines of force P penetrate the coils 4 and 5 in such a way that an alternating electromotive force arises in them when the anchor is given a back and forth movement The frequency of the EMF is the same as that of the movements

If, on the other hand, the two are opposed to each other connected coils 4 and 5 connected to a common alternating current source, the armature 2 performs a reciprocating Movement at the frequency of the current "

Since the armature does not have a connection line, encapsulated devices according to the invention can easily be

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to create a reciprocating movement inside a fully enclosed space To produce housing. For example, an arrangement of the type shown in FIG. 2 can be provided, in which the armature 2 is enclosed by a tube 6 made of non-magnetic material. The tube 6 is in the wall 7 of the housing, in which a reciprocating movement is to be generated, inserted and encapsulates the chamber 8 of the Armature 2 is completely removed from the external environment. To control its movement, armature 2 has an extension 8, which induces a voltage proportional to the armature stroke in a coil The coil 9 is connected to a voltmeter, which is for example calibrated in mm; in this way you get a * precise control of the armature movement.

The tight, non-magnetic pipe $ is preferably made of insulating material. The enlargement of the gap in the magnetic ^ caused by the pipe 6. Circle, an enlargement of the Ampdre windings of the induction coil 3 can be compensated for

If, for compelling reasons, the pipe 6 is made of a conductive material, for example of nisiitrostendera steel, then Foucault currents occur in this pipe * which means a noticeable loss of efficiency. This burden can be reduced considerably, wmmm stan the Spaleu 4 and 5 in the way with Gleichgericht® '- ^ Wselissl & troai feeds _f

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that, for example, the positive half-wave flows through the coil Ar and the negative half-wave through the coil 5.

This rectified alternating current supply can be used in all cases where the magnetic The device circuit does not consist of a laminated core or ferrite "

The device according to the invention can always apply when one converts a reciprocating motion directly into electric current or when one wants to generate a reciprocating movement directly with alternating current · The size of the armature stroke can be several Microns to several centimeters or more. as well the services that occur move within wide limits, for example, from the order of a watt or less to tens of thousands of watts or more.

When using the device according to the invention as It will become a stroia consumer in most use cases connected to an alternating current network with a frequency of 50 Hz

The invention can be used with particular advantage Use mixing or kneading units, which are particularly useful in the chemical industry or in laboratories.

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The exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 is such a mixing or kneading mechanism.

The armature of this device comprises a magnetic core 1o which is fastened with a wedge 11 to the rod 12 of the mixer, as well as two spring plates 13 and 13a. The stand includes a stand housing 14, for example made of aluminum with a bottom 15o In the stand housing 14 are designed as laminated stacks or made of ferrite parts are arranged, which form magnetic circuits 17 and 17a, in each of which a coil 18 or 18a is inserted. Between the two magnetic circuits 17 and 17a is a annular permanent magnet 19 switched on

In the upper part 2o and at the bottom 15 of the stand housing 14 each has a bearing 21 or 22 made of a material which has a low coefficient of friction or is self-lubricating. The rod 12 extends through the bearings 21 and 22, and there are also helical springs 23 and 24 are provided, which are located on the one hand on the plate 13 or 13a and on the other hand on an intermediate disk 25 or Support 25a. The springs 23 and 24 have the task of The armature is returned to its central position and is preferably slightly pretensioned in this central position.

The stator housing 14 has outer ribs 26 and a Bracket 27 for its attachment to a support on »

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The mixer described above works according to the principle explained above, since the coils 18 and 18a are connected opposite to each other and connected to a common alternating current circuit.

Compared to mixing units of known design, mixing units have having the features of the invention, in particular, the following advantages

Since the coil springs are only used to support the ! To cancel the inertia of the armature, the movement in both directions is due to the electrodynamic forces generated. As a result, no regulation is required for the correct functioning of the mixer. The stroke can be changed very easily by changing the voltage applied to the coils

The back EMF is large, as in an ordinary motor, as a result of which the energetic efficiency is excellent. "The best efficiency can be achieved with an annular arrangement and with excitation by permanent magnets." In this case, the weight of the copper required is also very low. The gap in the magnetic circuit is constant and considerable strokes can be achieved by designing the magnetic circuit and the springs accordingly
The erfindungagemäSen devices are because of the

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constant gap much quieter than electromagnetic mixers.

The performance of the devices according to the invention is not limited; they can therefore also be used for the Use large vessels for mixing · As mentioned, encapsulated designs are possible.

The one in Pig. 5 illustrated embodiment of the invention can be used as a pump or compressor.

In this embodiment, the anchor 3o at his both ends of pistons 31 and 32, each with sealing rings 31a or 32a provided and in one on the stand attached cylinder 33 are performed. The stator includes an induction coil 34, opposing coils 35 and 36 as well as magnetic circles 37 and 38 "

A ring 39 is attached to the cylinder 33, on which springs 40 and 41 are supported, which on the other hand are supported Parts 42 baw "43 of the armature on which the pistons and 32 are attached.

The reciprocating translational movement of the ./Inker on the one hand causes a fluid to be sucked into a chamber 44 and, on the other hand, the discharge of the fluid into a line 45. This results in a double-acting calibration Pump that is electrically operated and unmiifcel-

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bar, without converting the movementο

In the above-described embodiments of the invention, an annular arrangement of the magnetic circuit is used, which seems to be the cheapest, since in this case the entire conductive Volume of the anchor is active and, as a result, the highest possible efficiency results

Other arrangements of the magnetic Circle, especially if it is a question of larger services

In Pig. 6 to 8 illustrated embodiment According to the invention, the armature is formed from a laminated core in the shape of a parallelepiped Rod 47 attached to the organ, the one back and forth forward translational movement is to be issued, attached isβ in its reciprocating motion is the armature is guided by rods 48 and 48a, these are held by flanges 49 and 49a which are attached to the stand are «The anchor 46 has bushings 5ο, for example consist of self-lubricating material and sliding of the anchor along the rods 48 and 48a allow ,, For the Springs 5o 'are provided for returning the rotor to its central position.

The stator 51 has an induction coil 52 as well

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Coils 53 and 54 on opposite to each other they are connected to the AC circuit that feeds them »

Leave devices with the features of the invention combine to form a group of three, with the opposing coils of each of these Connect devices to one phase of a three-phase network Such an arrangement is particularly useful for Use as a pump is advantageous because such a pump delivers evenly.

In Pig. 9 shows a diagram of a device according to the invention, the armature 55 of which is a reciprocating Rotary movement around an axis 56 carries out “Pur the return of the armature 55 in its central position, springs 57 act on it

The stand comprises coils 60 to 63 »which are on pole pieces 58 of the magnet housing 59 are arranged

The coils 6o to 63 are, like the circuit diagram of the Pig. Ίο shows, fed with electricity from an alternating current network, which is rectified by means of diodes 64 and 65. The windings 6o and 62, which are diametrically opposed to one another on the stator, are connected in such a way that they act in opposite directions in one another. The same applies to windings 61 and 63. _;; , _,

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The one shown in Pig «11, particularly intended for a device of small dimensions, is used as an exciter trained armature 7o comprises a stack of three rings 71 made of hard magnetic ferrites that gave the rings Magnetization is such that one end of the armature forms a north pole and the other a south pole. The rings are attached to a central rod 72 and by nuts 73 with washers 74 · on the rod held. The stator, which can be designed in the manner described above, has windings 75 and 76 that are switched against each other

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 12, the is intended for a device of larger dimensions, the armature formed as an exciter comprises twelve rings 77 made of hard magnetic ferrite, which are attached to a cylinder 78 made of non-magnetic material. That of the rings 77 · The package is formed by flanges 79t which cooperate with the cylinder 78 and which are also made of non-magnetic Material, held on a rod 8o

The armature 81 shown in FIGS. 13 and H, designed as an exciter, for devices which perform reciprocating rotary movements, comprises three rings 82 made of hard magnetic ferrite which are fitted onto sleeves 83 made of non-magnetic material. The bushings 83 have flanges, by means of which the entire arrangement _a »of a rod 84 is

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is consolidated. This armature can, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, have four poles ©

In the magnetic tube 85 shown in FIG is an armature 86 configured in accordance with the above with a The smallest possible air gap of, for example, a few tenths of a mm movable · The pipe 85 has in the sections 87 and 88 show weakening of its thickness which coincide with the axes 89 and 9o of the windings 91 and 92 of the stator. Rings 93 and 94 can be provided to reinforce the tube 85 in sections 87 and 88

As shown in FIG. 16, the windings 91 and 92 via a circuit comprising diodes 95 and 96 are supplied with pulsating oil direct current in such a way that the Losses from Foucault currents in the massive tube 87 are reduced.

In the modified embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the tube is composed of a stack of rings 97 made of magnetic material and rings 98 made of insulating material; the rings 98 are arranged in the area && r axes 99 of the induction coils.

The magnetic circuit of the device shown in FIG. 18, reciprocating movements exporting uuifaSt an inner tube 1oo, the ent ^ eäar s, le stack ems "eiclimagnetischem ferrite or bonded radial plates οά & τ be formed as a solid pipe or as a stack ksmn _f

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which includes massive pole pieces * The magnetic circuit includes also packets 1o1 made of sheet metal disks with low losses * The disks are all radially slotted and glued together in such a way that they can easily be to be handled compact structure result. The thickness of the Sheets can be on the order of 3/1 ο mm. For the Completion of the magnetic circuit to the outside can, for example, be a cast solid cylinder ίο2 or an off radial metal sheets of existing cylinders be provided · door the gluing of the disks forming the packets 1o1 and the cavity forming the outer cylinder can be done, for example the adhesive known in the trade under the name ARALDIT use ^

If the inner tube 1oo is composed of discs made of magnetically soft ferrite or of radial metal sheets and the cylinder 1o2 also consists of radial metal sheets, the windings 1o3 can be fed with alternating current If, on the other hand, the tube 1oo is solid or includes solid pole pieces, the windings 1o3 become pulsating Direct current fed.

Fig. 19 relates to a pump for gas, a compressor, Compressor, or an encapsulated vacuum pump. The components of this device have the features of the invention components described above.

The armature, which forms a piston, comprises a stack

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of disks 1o4 made of hard magnetic ferrite, which sit on an inner tube 1o5 made of non-magnetic material ₀ The disks 1o4 are held together by bushes 1o6; on the bushings seated parts 1o7, which in turn are attached to the ends of the tube 1o5 and the end surfaces of the piston form ₀ The piston is preferably made of graphite rings 1o8, which also serve as seals, guided This arrangement, which at pressures of several Bar can be used, makes any lubrication unnecessary «,

A tube 1o9 is provided as the cylinder of the device, which is designed as described above and in particular has sections 11 ο of reduced thickness, on which reinforcement tires are provided if necessary. The magnetic circuit of the stator comprises laminated cores 111, which are formed in the manner described above from discs, and an outer cylinder 114 made of cast iron, which with Cooling fins is provided. The windings are labeled 112 and 113, respectively

The tube 109 has shoulders} on these are supported by slabs 115 which are attached to the cylinder 114 and hold the parts of the stand together. On the flanges 115 each disks 116 and 117 are attached, which with Intermediate pieces 118 form valve housings 119 and 12o.

As can be seen from Fig. 19, are shown in the there

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Embodiment of the invention no springs are provided for returning the armature to its central position, since the fluids to be conveyed are compressible and take on the role of springs due to their compression. Due to the lack of springs, the structure is according to the invention Device considerably simplified

A compressor with the features of the invention described above has advantages of considerable importance, especially the following

the free piston does not require any lubrication; the double action results in a practical one continuous promotion;

the pump is completely encapsulated and does not have any stuffing boxes;
the delivery rate can be easily regulated «,

Liquid pumps with the features of the invention have the same advantages as the grass compactor described above.

For certain applications, the valves of the pumps for gas or liquids can be pneumatic or hydraulic diodes must be replaced.

The encapsulated mixer shown in Fig. 2o has

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one from a stack of hinges 121 made of hard magnetic material Ferrite formed anchor. The rings 121, in the present case there are four, sit on a rod 122, which is guided in self-lubricating bearings 125, for example made of porous bronze or graphite. The bearings can can also be designed as ball bearings. Springs 124 are provided for returning the armature to its central position. The stator has windings 130 and 131 and a magnetic circuit 125 and an outer cylinder 126 on · These parts are designed in the same way as in the previous embodiment · The stand is through Flanges 128 on an inner tube 12? attached that in is designed in the manner described above. The device has a flange 129 below, with the it can be attached to the container to be mixed, which may be under pressure.

If the armature of the mixer described above is guided in bushes made of graphite, there are the advantages that no lubrication is necessary, that the device is completely encapsulated _f and that the stroke of the reciprocating movement can be regulated very easily _e

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Claims (1)

U 31-828 1 b38S67 Claims [1 ο j electrodynamic power generation and drive device, in particular for the generation of back and forth movements for the preferably direct drive of a mixer, a pump or the like geke η η ζ calibrated by a rod-shaped armature (2; 1oj3oj46555; 81 $ 86), one end of which forms a positive and the other end a negative magnetic pole, and a stator (1; 14; 51) with two windings (4,5; 18,18a; 35 »36; 53,54; 6o-62) connected against one another , 61-63? 75.76j 91.92; 1o3; 112.113; 130.131), of which the first is arranged on one side and the second on the other side of the central position of the armature _β 2 ο device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ eich η e t that at least one permanent magnet on the stator (14) (19) is provided for the magnetization of the armature (1o) 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized geke η η ze i ch η et that on the stator (1; 51) fed with direct current or rectified alternating current winding (3} 34; 52) for the magnetization of the armature (2; 3oj46) is provided _o - 2 O O 9.8 0 8/0 6 0 A ORIGINAL INSPECTED 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (7oj81 | 86) as a permanent magnet is trained", 5 β device according to claim 4, characterized in that the armature (7öj81; 86) of stacked Rings (71} 82j1o4} 121) made of hard magnetic Ferrite is formed. 6 »Device according to claim 5, characterized in that g e k e η η drawing η e t that the rings (71j82j1o4; 121) one below the other are equal * 7o device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized characterized in that the anchor (86) with small gap from a magnetic pipe (85 {1oo} 1o9} 127) is enclosed o 8 · Device according to claim 7 »thereby g e k e η η ζ e i c hn e t that the stator windings (91 »92} 112, 113} 13o, 131) opposite sections (87.88?) Of the magnetic tube (85j1o9i127) a reduced wall thickness exhibit. 9 «Device according to claim 8, characterized in that g e k e η η, that the weakened wall sections (87, 88) have reinforcing rings (93, 94) 0 09808/06 (H ~ ³ ~ 1o ₀ Device according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the ear is composed of several sections (97, 98) that have been joined or glued to one another. 11. The device according to claim 1o, characterized in that sections forming the tube form pole pieces (97) made of magnetic material, for example soft magnetic ferrite, and that the stator windings opposing sections (98) are made of insulating material * 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the magnetic Circle of the stand to packages (1o1 $ 111j125) gtschichtete Covers made of sheet metal with low losses, the radial slots are glued to free · »and to one another, and that the stand is closed to the outside by a massive cylinder (H} 1o2> 1H | 126), which for example is or is made of vtrklebttn radial sheets (26) white 13 · Execution according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the armature (2j1oj 3o | 4-6 | 81 f86) is connected to a drive that gives it a reciprocating translational movement granted " - 4 009808 / .0604 BATH μ * * ^ m 14 · Device according to one of claims 1 to 12,. characterized in that the anchor (55) is connected to a drive that gives it a reciprocating rotary motion. 15o device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized ge characterized in that the magnetic circuit is composed of cylindrical components. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the anchor (46) has a rectangular cross-section and of two or several guide rods (48,48a) or the like is guided, 17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the mutually connected stator windings (4, 5) to reduce of Foucault currents with rectified alternating current are fed 18. Vorriohtuag according to a «the claims 1% £ * 17» thereby g «ken na t i c h η · t, d« fl the anchor (1o; 3θ | 46 | 55 | β1 | β6); ■ «it ftder» (23.24} 4o, 41 j 5 © «j 57 | 124), a compressible fluid or the like for its return cooperates in its middle position 19 · Device according to claim 18, characterized in that g β k e η η - - 5 -009800 / 060 ^ 9 » shows that the springs (23,24; 4o, 41; 5o »; 57; 124) or the like on the anchor (To; 3o $ 46; 55 | 81; 86) Apply pressures that are in the middle position of the anchor be in balance with each other, 20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the anchor (3o) is encapsulated by a closed, non-magnetic tube (33) from the environment, for example with a closed housing is in communication in which the part actuated by the armature is movable to and fro. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 2o, characterized eh. η e t that the anchor (2) has an extension (8) which is in a coil (9) induces a voltage proportional to the armature stroke, 22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21 for the use as a pump, characterized in that each of the two ends of the armature (3o) is designed as a piston (31 or 32) ₍ and that these pistons are guided in a cylinder (33) arranged in the stator . 009808/0604 Empty soap