DE1538411A1 - Installation on AC machines - Google Patents

Description

: Establishment of a water drum machine. Never invention relates to electrical machines and. into the- especially the improvement of the stability of such na- sdhinen in the delivery of reactive current ( reaative onrrent) and: their ability to deliver hlindetrom sau. Furthermore, it should be achieved by the invention that the- like machines, such as alternators, synchronous compensators or synchronous motors generate more reactive current be able to record a line transmission. The term power transmission system also includes a direct current line or the associated converter Rectifying devices. One of the times when electrical power is transmitted Problems encountered is the problemre that occurs when for example a Wsohselstro® generator is used, to create the voltage in the power transmission system to discontinue. Usually the size of the rotor current of the üecheeletromgenerator decreased, so that a waste of tension in the entire transmission vegetation will. Under certain circumstances, however, the rotor used to measure Generation of the same power with a higher rotor run at an angle. It was found that for the benefit Generation with the lowest possible rotor vibration Machine measured with a rotor angle of about 150 (ie that the angle between the magnetic axis of the rotor and the rotation of the stator is '50). The machine is then close to the theoretical one Instability point which occurs at a rotor angle of 9o0 lies. In this state, the rotoretrom is approximately at half nominal and the machine can not be reactive current . record up to the maximum nominal value, A similar problem came up more generally and also in Regarding Syohrenkoapeneatoren been considered. In order to an alternating current machine the maximum value of blind generating power ( reactive power, var ) or the Nazi amount to from a performance over-the-counter eystcm, the magnetic axis of the Rotere with the instantaneous magnetic axis of the von Only the rotating field generated by the machine is aligned be. However, ticketing may be subject to certain conditions the I: otor does not generate any torque and is (with negative Li-r-cguug) in an unstable state in which the rotary womant of the drives of the rotor @ has no counterpart and. a "pole slipping" occurs: U 'das' vreti- uiumont to generate that to compensate for the front drive of the rotor generated three months is required, mu0 the rotor rides a considerable amount with respect to the Rotating field, and in this condition is the ability the machine to generate or absorb reactive current, very substantially reduced. The special one None of this problem lies in the fact that one rotorwiaklunfich not at the same time in a state in which they the gsö®- do reactance effect generated, and be in a state in which the torque is generated that is required to maintenance of the rotor position in relation to the rotating field of the Stat®rs is required. According to the present invention, an alternating etrommaschine with a stator winding for the generation a rotating field4s and a rotor characterized by a first control device for supplying direct current to a first winding on the rotor in such a way, measured in. essentially the entire, the drive torque of the rotor the balance torque is generated in the rotor, and a second control unit arranged independently of the first means for supplying direct current to a second Winding on the rotor, with the first and second winding electrically independent of each other and on the rotor so arranged bind, never measured magnotomechanical when energized Generate forces around differently directed axes, whereby the second evacuation is held in a state in they essentially do not generate any torque on the rotor. Be this machine designed according to the invention the main task of the first winding is to to maintain the machine's duagang performance to generate the required torque. The second wick lunß can, however, at a notor's angle at the same time run from 0 ° or almost 00 (i.e. in a position in which it generates no torque at all), whereby it , causes a maximum reactance defect of the machine. The current can be supplied to the first Vicklung in this way be = that the first winding at a constant angle relative to the rotating field and thus the second winding the desired rotor angle is kept, the preferred wise 0 0, but under certain circumstances can be up to + 10®. The "true" rotor angle a machine of this type is approximately constant and at the mean rotor angle of the two winding gen lying. Because this angle between the windings can be a maximum of j0 o in the electrical sense, detects one that the "true" rotor angle is never greater than 450 is: This means @ a substantial improvement compared to a rotor angle of 750, as it was in earlier, was common in similarly operating machines. the second winding can be reactive on the sewing machine Exercise tax effect that is significantly greater than that achievable with a single rotor roll. For example, the second winding can have negative current be fed without sat the angular position of the rotor with respect to the rotating field is changed (since this winding ment is in a position in which there is no torque generated), and therefore the full reactance effect is the Machine up to the maximum nominal value of the stator # Atromes are available for both leading and current currents for lagging current (caused by overexcitation of the Zweizan winding with normal positive current obtained will). At the same time you can see that there are changes Second winding current supplied to the angular position of the rotor with respect to the rotating field do not change, so sat the ability of the machine to generate reactive current or to absorb, enlarged. is without affecting the stability the machine is impaired. It is advantageous to arrange the two windings in such a way that that each one to maintain the full starting point power the machine to replace sufficient torque if one of the Vicklung or its supply fails falls. In such a case, the ability of Machine, the reactive current regardless of the power a expensive, lost, but the machine can still be in satisfactory tit work to generate matt performance work. In an advantageous embodiment, the two are aform Windings arranged in such a way that when excited they are magneto m®chanischex generate forces that are mutually and to Rotor axis are perpendicular. One such arrangement is advantageous for kasehinen with protruding poles, (salient pole machines :) because the arrangement is one to the normal Rotor winding vertical winding in the case of a machine with wound rotor (wound red aaehine) the attachment of special-Yol.apalten would ar "chen required that for machines with cylindrical rotors (cylindrical red machines) are undesirable. The embodiment of the finding in which there are windings that generating other vertical, oagnotomechanical forces is particularly advantageous for "w certain synchromesh pensators <, hydroturbine driven interchangeable aluminum generators and "synchronous motors with a rotor with protruding Poland. Such machines can in underexcited supply stand to be operated in order to transfer the voltage Guncssystemes h erdependent. In this mode of operation supply the generators and ICoapensators of the system currents for supplying cable and open-air lines, where these currents represent the magnetic force absorbed by the load. exceed eetrom when the load is small. slide The ability of such machines to absorb hindetrom ujrde: to increase. when the machine has negative rotor currents could be supplied. Under the circumstances, it could Uei IUlichon machines easily a pole slip (pole alipping) appear. One effect of the invention is @ to reduce the risk of pole slip when the rotor negative rotor stroke is fed to such machines. 140 The rotor torque is controlled by means of a first statement, which in the generation of a - Torques most effective position in the magnetic system the machine can be arranged with this winding can be used for this purpose, the: wide winding! a the Position in which they can most effectively power of the machine, without turning moment to generate. In all embodiments of the lying inventions are the torque behavior and the liquid ventilation behavior of the machine through completely separate separated ' windings and control circuits controlled, and thereby. the control of the machine is generally improved. -nies is becoming an important application in modern heavy-duty Transmission systems where large amounts of reactive current must be absorbed or generated in order to reduce the tension of the Change transmission systems, the extremely high performance amounts that are nowadays used by transmission systems different consumers can be used to Ordinary danger when the system is out of control device. One of the advantages of the present invention is it says that the control * - and the possibility of influencing speed of such machines is improved, with anyway at the same time the possibility of using such machines to influence the voltage of a transmission system, is also improved. In a preferred embodiment, the two are Windings on the rotor at a mutual angle of less than 90 °, preferably arranged from about the front. This E.uafülia@ungeforw is particularly suitable for machines with cylinder rotor ( cylindfical rotes machinta). How later also arll.uttert is # it is possible to wrap the To modify the rotor in a relatively simple way, that the Itutorachltze of common rotors are two separate Windings instead of the single angle can record for a long time without affecting the performance of the Machine is adversely affected. The present Finding is therefore already important for the amendment stationary machines as well as in the construction of new ones Machines applicable. The size of the through the first and second winding flowing sliding current could theoretically be done by hand be controlled. However, such an operation is not for high voltage power transmission systems expedient; usually it will be required that current flowing through the first winding as a function of from the angle that the magnetic axis of the rotor is in includes every moment with the rotating field of the stator, and the currents through the second winding corresponding to one desired voltage change in the transmission system to control. Appropriately, therefore, funds are provided see that on the phase relationship between the rotor Position and the alternating voltage at the stator lugs address to the size and polarity of the through the first Winding to control flowing direct current so that on a torque is generated in the rotor, which is directed in this way and is so great that it has a constant phase relation between the rotor position and the alternating voltage seeks to maintain the stator terminals. Such Control that keeps the rotor position constant can be turned off consist of a comparator, the phase relationship between the alternating voltage at the stator terminals with that of one b! eating or master generator, which is driven by the Rotoryelle driven or coupled to them, generated alternating voltage compares and one of the phase difference between DC voltage proportional to these two voltages generated. This DC voltage can be used on a regular basis an amplifier and a control circuit are added are to a correspondingly greater DC to which is passed through the first Rbtorwickel. Thus, the Rotorstro® scans as far as the first winding can be changed according to the torque, that to maintain the red position regarding the rotating field generated by the stator is required. In the same catfish, Nittol can be provided that on the greetings from the alternating voltage at the stator terminals respond and generate a dumbbell signal with the same witness that is proportional to the difference between dead represents the terminal voltage and a reference voltage, which for example a manually selected reference voltage can be a source that corresponds to a System desired new voltage is selected. This Control signal can be amplified and used to control a de- correspondingly larger DC voltage control signals which changes proportionally and the second Ulcklung is fed to the machine. Somlt bo.- (the current flowing through the second winding sits one Regards! this is calibrated according to one in the transfer date Changes to the actual savings change. $ s may be the case Eeinr that dpa tension should be reduced, in which Second case: the electricity supplied to the Xioklungen is borrowed negatively, is directed in the same way as usual New one, a little demagnetization of the machine causes. As #r the following will be explained in more detail by using two motor windings, the development magnetization of the itotore has been avoided when the na- echine to reduce the tension in the transmission system is effective, d: L: vom at an L®load angle of true as g0® the output power is increased. In the following, the invention has been implemented explained in more detail on the basis of the drawings. fig: la and b show schematically a simple 1 ührurgsfos m of the invention .. Fig. 1c shows the inventive arrangement at get a ttotor with protruding. Pia. 2, and 4 are Diagra = s, the mode of action the device shown in Fig. la and 1b . licaten. Zig. j shows schematieah a cumulative external execution runj; s form of the invention Pia .-- represents sinw wrapped in common wines Rotor. Fig. ' Illustrates a usual concentric t, winding for Gien rotor according to Fig-. 6th Fig. Dis- shows schematically the rotor of Pia: G, the the winding according to FIG. 7 carries. Fig. 8b shows a graphic adjustment in the Rotary winding according to forces occurring in i94. Fig. 9 shows a "" detailed rotor winding for the Red according to FIG. 6. Fig. Los shows schematically the Botor of Pia. E @ with the winding according to Fig. 9. - F'dt, -. praise. inclines in graphical illustration that at de a rotor according to the forces occurring loosely. 11 and 12 are phasor diagrams showing the effects tuneeveise the in? 1g. 5 opposing arrangement It uii d initially on Figures 1 to 4 Hesus noaimen, which schematically shows the Anc; endun & der Erfixäd with a sync; hrunlcorpnäator egg lauter, four mm recording L; uot@trt.guagssatire to $ e. men of iilindle admission aua einen arranges-is. . Pig: la shows eia schematically at lo shown three-phase transmission system with three Leitungeechi®nen 11 for the three phases. To the leitungsachifnen a üschselsfomgsnerator 12 is appropriate which is used as an SFnchsou compensator. ue machine 7.2 has arranged three in usual orphan * The stator windings are shown schematically at 13, 14 and 1 turd are shown with one supply line each 3.1 verbiuideu are: On the rotor 16 is a first winding 1 ?, which is toned by a suitable pair slip rings 19 is supplied. Furthermore is rieh to the. Rotor has a winding 1B perpendicular to it, which continues cutten is explained in more detail. It is now on PiB. lb Reference is made to the schematic of a conventional wound Represents rotor (wound red). The rotor 16 has lche l.otdr@apz: lte 22 and 23, which are the coil sides (caßl sides) of the winding 17 wear. Are also at 23 and 24 further pole gaps with atrialized lines: hails, which will start the cradle 18. looks blue, daF3 is the magnetic axis of the winding in the s columns 22 # 2j generated magnetic field on the drawing is directed upwards, while the axis of a field, generated by a winding in columns 24 and 25 will run parallel to the upper edge = the drawing was, you can tell on the oh ugly ALifiitlirlYEi $ n that the Attachment of 1iesotider, i1 air gaps 211 and 2.5 unexpectedly Is tx if the machine has a large Ausgarz i ; sleis, tziriliab: an a®131. Too is generally undesirable, the amount of iron .decrease in each machine . Since the final The Hauchine is never defined as the ratio of the required to generate the normal no-load voltage lichen gotoratromea to the Botorstrow, in short-term closed stator cleromas to generate the nominal stator etromen is required . Closely depends on the amount of iron in the magnetic circuits of the machine and the current resilience of the ßatorooiaklungen. The lower that Kurzsahlußverh # fltn3a is, the less one is in the @jasschina and / or the more the windings are chilled, whereby the initial blind rental (hVAr output) for a given weight of iron and copper is increased .. A machine with a small short circuit ratio runs with a given kw /! lYAr # Aurgang with a large ßeren: rotor angle and has a bosehränktos Vermügonp for- to generate hurried blind integration (MVAr) compared to a machine with a larger short circuit capacity. It is therefore more prone to instability. Trap one ktascbine with protruding poles instead of the one shown in Fig. la and 1b shown machine with cylindrical red is used, the one in gig. 1c shown * rotor be used. ' Iaierboi is the Rot®rmü L of a number provided by protruding poles 26 , on which a main rotor winding 17 arranged Igt. The winding 18 is tetyldet by tearing the terminals of the pole-face-indwelling coils or AmoZ'tZ3Buro 27 connected to each other wartlflil ' It is now referred to .die, Figures 2, -1 and 4 $ Qnosunsnr around the effect of the system shown in Fig zu grllKuterm., PigP '2 shows the m®echiua. by rig. la when using @ Autntdame from HYAr the transfer # ßyatem .1o. La aai zur Erltäuteru.g Owned that a change: - Strontgeenorator in principle egg, rotating magnet inside a stationary winding . The btrunr that is in the : Stator winding i'ließt @ when the alternator on the bbertragurgeeystem 1o is connected, builds in the @rtator eixa uuaginutteohoi system on. never magnetic: axis 3 dee gtatora coincides with the magnetic one in Nuxi-Laat Axis of the Rotere Tueameaen Land remains behind the Rotorachee xut @: ck, 'aiuc der cincratos' performance ore i , jt. The rotor vix-LTEL is the bet Leiatungeerzeu, clothes normally two U and 90s, depending on the torque used by the Research develops electrical power and the ! t trt0 de: x alegnettechsn & ysten.ca. .: ig. 2 shows that . with # saetIsche iyeten dercc @ aalatrc @ aamo.schiare, if none erzeui; to lead or motivation. is available, whereby. from the Stutoieklung ..8 (which the windings 139 l4, 1r ) jI.etet) I3liadetrom auii; ciiov: ree! ra will, who in the vinne one @lr; ctle addressed to the management, is. In an ta-i $ I @ stubborn-iriuo ignition one in front of their Iseisturu (; driven t @ ei @ eeht @ troiuge'ncit @ ator precede nu3 'and in this uttand iot the generator underexcited. Uwe means dwß the PoturetroA smaller dead than the current that is generating de .r normal C meruttorep * "ung required dead # if the The generator is running when the main atomic switch is open. The one on the ladder of the rotor, which read the main river Generator * are / are indicated by the small arrows @kendea frätie shown. - Serves balanced each other out and do not generate any resulting »üretusoment. F sharp. 3 shows the effects the losses in the generator and the turbines will ha a small loss angle of about 20 with no-load excitation generated, which increases to 30 or more, = when the rotor mrom is reduced to ü. The liaiipt flow of the generator ur zeuut on the ladder of the rotor wr.,: eiide forces X as permanent. These forces don't balance As shown, scia << iern generate a small torque T. with the Notoretrvm 0 the generator is powered by the stator current in the same way as haste anduktioiteiaatur-masnetisiert. üeiiii the toturatrum den -Getxerators dwua lia negative sense before &# üüert is generated, the small Itotor angle rushes up the aotor acting Polaohluprdrebenoment, which causes because the rotor is moved back to the next pulse (by one Phsaenwiitkel from 1800, legs Detriebeweiae, närlicla die ..urna " ® from Dlindetrom, changes and the generator voltage veratUrkt. Trap the Vorluatiaoaew from someone else liicklun ;; up dei: i rotor is generated in some Angle of g0 e rit the main rotor winding 17 etehts ... 4, the Eauptrotoswickiung in a position; nti t the torque 0 gobracixt uxxd to be borrowed there. Ea can then that Rotor one negative excitation are fed into Meaning of a Demmsgnetielwrun $ the generator acts :. Lies has the effect that more Statorblindetro® in the Generator is sucked to this negative rotor excitation to borrow. By these means, the alternating current generator , continued nominal stator to absorb even if the rotor is negatively excited. 4 shows how the torque loss acts on the winding 18 transmitted so that the polarity of the main rotor Winding can be reversed without any torque which would lead to pole slip is generated. Man looks like k @ ige k, that from. the Wicklux g 18 produced Torque brings the rotor back to such a position that the 1: jauP development 17 is at an angle of 0 ° in fiezug sui: the gate field is located. In this condition the total dreta moment will be used to compensate for the losses required int in the haschine , from winding 18 begets while the; Control over the. from the stator drawn Ulindstrom average of winding 1? upright is obtained. Nan realizes that the hicklLUig 18 in the in F g. Columns 24 and 2y shown in l is arranged . I, ie the arrangement shown in Fig. La has a control device ricutung 2o for the drolunometwiculung, which over ei yne te 19 of WieUung 1ö Gicelehstron to- leads according to the zuin @iu f; .ioi.cl @ of the Vurluate ztrl.ici @ s @@ x I) x-etaezeoment, Lind fornci: olne;, L: iwv.) rrlctetiiug 21 for Al @@ riiS @ taztaialt, l @@ eii @ vli) e ° @ let '; 1 @:) ... 1:!: il, l.') t) Hl. t @ r @ z1 ode4agativen -Stron zurt, depending on whether the reactive current is to be taken up or released by the system 1o. O never functions of the two Vicklungon are completely separate. The reactive winding produces essentially no rotational .Moment and thus affects not Red loading position plus the rotating field of the stator. 91e thus influences nor the stability of the machine. never is exactly for the Peaktans-Kontroilwieklupg eeinee3 1: otors, who at. an engine angle of 0 0 runs e In practice it is not required] rotor exactly 11e3. -This uncle too operate, and it is wrong intßglicii, .ihn at + le or still - larger-angles run to gsaaaen: lii ri3eesem case has eliee wie ' , luug 17 a certain real era; on that of the Yaschinee eer p # ,. eugte ürehmoacent; this can lead to an un- wish to reduce the efficacy of the aeration of the torque development, when the Haachine » Kanri is, however, generating to control the position of the notor in the event of a heavy load . A simple version of the Er-fi »eiui: p described, applied to a machine with Ievrttiogonalen " windings. The " Brfinchnig can, however, all: - geaielner also with a rotor with enev "@eteellen Wck- hung ant-; eiaeaideet wordeu "in which, as before, in an equal cnen .Type number: from Iotnrspzltezt Spulenhälftott (c 01.1. eldea) housed wobul judOch 1110 9111z130 Rra tDt # wr _, - Jung iii uwei gut; r-niititu AbautinItte iintartf: ilt L.a_ tiie 11i11 . genniustu orate 11.u11. @ voltv11cz> .lutt @ blln. @ 1.:> trkx.t of the two AboChuittk i4t yes xeoontäichen the same as bascliriehea above, but the analysis is off so that a allowed lIadöhine to be more complicated. Flg. 5 d the following pigur parts teach the technique the "shared Vipklung". in fit ;. 5 is like above one irtun; sabertraagsaa @ rete @ r with Zuieittauessatienen 1 1 Made: To WeloÜo the stator windings 139 1 4 and 15 c, 1a $ etikxse @ lotromgtettors 12 ar4; escttl.nesen: are. Of the. Rüttir 16 of the Seneratortr carries windings 37 and 38r the zue larmder ia a vinkal of about G (fu futieorcütet. Vie the windings are arranged on the rotor Bind, we dt aNAtür 1 ) eaei; rieven. , 'Dia Wicksimg 38 becomes: as above, professional de $: 'totte: #usG 4m i Ü r the lrouttnmeasttsriclausi, @ controlled utiti the winding 37 from the controller # 1 for the i; ec @ tnrzswialclur ;: Ff g. also shows oinc control car- rieat twie to the regular tare ;; the Orö09 -, ad direction of the through dict 1% plaixwäckltttWwn flowing currents. who aotorwelle 42, dis is driven in front of the 'Uirbinc 41 , wears a healing or hui teenairator # 4, whose. Ause g xkle n mwn by the Leit tlitr, at 45 times an entrance ae prei; #Uasenkoaperators 46 connected bind. The diet parater 46 is also fron the i, eitusr;: eit 47 vereorat, the `au die Sam.eiacitienen 11 narrowly since oaae i unite. The Phaaeakosperirtor 44 is an ItQlie- higux Kuaperator of well-known Lauart no that suitable is, in vain isolation 48 to a DC voltage produce, the size of which is proportional to the Phaeendiffer- Run between the AC voltage on the busbars 11 and the weekly voltage generated by the generator 44. It is obvious that the current phase is the generator 44 of the position of the Rotor 16 of the machine 12 depends. Any difference between the position of the rotor 12 and that in the stator windings 13, 14 and 15, the threat generated is appropriate phase ditter between the signals in the lines 45 and 47. The phase compressor 46 generates an equal voltage output signal in line 48, which is amplified by an amplifier 49 and: the rotary moment winding control 4o is supplied. This tax device only serves to transfer the direct current signal to a soiclien value to amplify that it is in the rotor winding 38 the machine 12 can be incorporated. It's obvious- that the signal generated by the comparator is normal wise on the order of a few milliamps, while the torque winding has a current of several Customization may require. The control device 4o can be moderately any suitable equatorial have stronger, for example an Amplidyn, a mag- netic amplifier arrangement or a Thyrietor-Rogelkreie. The training of this amplifier is not essential for the present invention, and many forms of training of a suitable amplifier are available in the heavy current technology-savvy pachmann available. The control circuit just described acts so that the Size of the current passed through the first variable 38 grows! if the angle between that generated by the stator Field and the magnetic axis of the rotor increases. The inputs of an auto- matic voltage regulator 5o connected. Also this one is a device known to those skilled in the art. She is present to see the voltage between the busbars voltage (ie the terminal voltage of the stator) according to a suitable Rectification compared to a DC voltage that for example from a-haad-operated ,, from an equal Epannungequslle 52 supplied Potentioneter- 51 tapped is, and in an output line 53 a DC voltage signal to generate its magnitude and polarity of the difference between the amplitudes of the mains voltage and the potential tiometor 51 corresponds to the reference voltage set. the Voltage in line 53 is generated by an amplifier 5 amplified and the control device 41 for the reactance Winding or second winding fed. Since this tax device may have both positive and negative tive currents must be generated under certain circumstances is something more complicated device than the control device: 4o necessary. However, this device also produces in same way a direct current output, its size proportional to the size of the signal in line 53: The polarity of the Gleiohstroa output from the control Device 4 is positive or negative, depending on the whether the system voltage is above or below the Im Komperstor 5o used reference signal is. Accordingly, will the Reaktanswichlung 18 supplied with a Strotz, whose The size and direction are such that the stator has a Reactive current with a leading or delayed Leistun , # , afaktor delivers. The training of the rotor is now on Bond der Piguren 7, B. 9 and 10 discussed. Yig. 6 shows in schematic table form a sylindrisahon rotor 16 with pole gaps la to 6a, each taking up one side of each coil, and columns 7a to 12a, each the other side of the Pick up bobbins. F sharp. 7 = is a normal concentrated fresh rotor winding from the loop rings 19a is supplied; where the reference symbols lb to 12b mean those coil halves that are in the corresponding Columns 1s. to 12a are accommodated. In Fig. 8a is the rotor of Fig. d goseigt, "which the winding according to F sharp. 7 wears. An angle is written on each gap teeng the meaning of which is explained in the following. if the rotor of the machine is at a high angle det or the output power of the machine end up has power factor, it will -that over the Luttopalt and the stator through the red magnetic field by the magnetomotoräeoheu forces the stator and not held in shape by the rotor. It is take the field of the generator: in a fora is kept constant, regardless of the rotor flow or the rotor angle and it is assumed that each Change of these two sizes a change d! # Roter- drehmomeutea and a change in the blind storm component the stator causes whether that the form: of the magnetic field is retained. Under these conditions the Effect the Iiotoratromen on the fiaschina in the following 'be viewed wisely. The one across the machine running magnatiachon airlines can be within the Machine as of uniform density and in the air gap old to be considered sinusoidal. When a coil depending on their position in the field of the stator carries the same current, the-travel on the Forces always in the same direction with respect to the River and bind of the same size. However, if the the two: halves of a coil containing plane transverse to the The stator field is located on the two halves of the coil the forces exerted are equal and opposed to each other and therefore do not generate any torque. This was how- Urierlicli, also clearly shown in FIG. 2 described above. However, if the level of the. both reel halls in direction processing the magnetic field produced by Constant is located, is a twisting moment is generated. The torque is general proportional to the sine of the coil angle a Orc the coil from its position perpendicular to the stator flux is unscrewed with the torque D. In Fig. 8b is a typical torque angle diagram for the The rotor shown in FIG. 8a. The curve 8o is a sine curve and indicates the magnitude of the torque on a Coil side on, at applied against the angle that the Plane of the considered coil with the aohee of the stator flueaee includes. The crosses on curve 8a speak of the torque # of the individual coils of the itotor of Fig. Ba is generated when the rotor with a typical angle of 660 to the rotating field. In of this figure (and inAfig. lob) the numbers are everyone individual spool halves at the corresponding crosses ang, oechritten, which gives you the position of each individual coil half on the torque -Winkolkusws becomes clear. The direction of the rotating field in each moment is through indicated by the arrow in Fig. 8a. > Inn recognizes from Fig. 8b that all coil halves in Pig. Ba a certain turning generate moment. Figure 9 shows a pair of windings for the rotor of fig. 6, the so arranged bind, daD the effect of a "split winding" is achieved, that is, the red is divided into two separate parts is. never windings are in pia. go shown in more detail, where the the torque viokluna 3? receiving spade heavy: and those taking up the actance winding 38 Columns are shown cross-shaded. One sees from Fig. Los that the angle between the magnetic Axes or the center lines of the spindle halves of the two Windings about 66® cheats. Tu pig, loa is a with 330 running notor shown with split winding, with the positions of the coil halves (with positive excitation) also in the torque angle shown in Figs. diagram, it can be seen that all coil halves of the twisting moment are closer to the vertex the are located. while the coil halves of the beaktan winding in the area of the torque 0 lies. You can see that the Vi®klung 37 generated resulting torque anyway: with positive as well as with negative excitation ® , while essentially lichen all of the torque generated by the current. is obtained by winding 38. The current through the winding 38 can be completely independent of that by the Reaktanxwieklung 37 flowing current can be varied. Therefore, the rotor according to FIG. 10a can always be in one position been held in which the coil sides 4b, 3b, 6b and lob, 11b, 12b symmetrical to the position with the three-moment D in Fig. Lob are arranged. Dien is with the red not possible according to FIG. 8a. Furthermore, the Winding 37 enlarged current flowing in the negative sense , so that the stator of the V®chselstromgenerators reactive can absorb current up to the maximum nominal value without that any change in the rotor position with respect to the The rotating field of the stator occurs. In this case you are 5 Spuleiaseiten & b, 5b9 6n, and lob, 11b, 12ü a ymm etrisoli. to the 1.80d position with the torque U arranged. It is possible to replace the i8 Trig. 9 shown Wick- development the well-known% fully wound rotor " (full'-wound red), one of the three Windings as reactan winding and the other two as Drtha developments have been used. #The one in this description bong used expression ss'lindriscbeRotor # includes you a "fully dedicated rotor". The above description deals in the main Bache ODit the ability of slasch an e, Llindleiatüng (VAr) to absorb from an energy transfer system: The However, the invention also contributes, as already mentioned, the stability of an alternating current generator under load to enlarge. Prop. 11 shows the phasor diagram of a usual machine (ie a tlasoRneee'üt rrschend Fig. 8a wound rotor). while Fig. 1: 2 shows the phasor diagram shows a liascnine, the rotor of which, for example, dtatspre- accordingly Fig. 9 is wound. The following designations are used in FIGS. 11 and 1.2 useda et '@ terminal voltage of the generator; e1 - hip gap tension of the generator? 1 ... armature current; Al _ - water motor force of the armature (mmf 3 E.id w % eaktenckomponerte der Vagnetowotorisahen Irraft of the anchor I% i (; # c4uadratlscho. (Drahwomeat generating) component the magnotomotoriachen Krart of the anchor j 1t # magnotomotoric force contributes to the field current normal idle voltage i I i, - magnetomotive force of the Poldstromei Lveerlautepspannung the generators without Satisfaction of the reading bar of 1f can be generated @ tü @ 'dt; 1d - ®: yuchrone Reakta un i xa: _ haaktionsroaktans des A cücers; x1 - Straarealitann de * Ankerei ü - Loiestungataktorwizücel; - kotorwinkei (i.e. angle stubborn a just synchronized? iaschino) i a c bobbin winding i Ijt mugnatotatcrische force of the leakage development Ni 1T .. iiiag.uetomotuz, ibebs Kraft der Drelssiooentwicklun 38; iTd - i component of I, r in the back proposition i ITQ - quadratic lonponent: from I Ti - River in the air gap. For the purpose of clarification, it should be noted that with the greetings in the iluaru tm en by Fi6. 11 and 12 are the true vectors of the Flusspa and the naaneetomotoriuohen forces riding the pseudo- Vectors of Wuoh »lepamtnng and de * alternating extremes com- are biiaiert. , i en, no direct quantities, and the Zelgerdiagrams illustrate the physical ones Angle between the individual sizes assuming a stationKren notors. In f g. 11 oalt is the stator current i of the generator dar i; loilmona voltage t by the power factor wiak0l before. If we add the anchor ri and den to 9t Veriuetreaktanzabfall zVi, mLui receives the air gap voltage e1. Dioa represents the spaunu nG that the soot t1 is produced in the air opaque, -which 9l by y0 ° rushes. Lor flow 0 is the NVTTO flow in dahi air coil the dure.V a Feloatrom It (which can be derived from the idle srittlgu: @; lturve is generated. Add, kind of that c@agnetom.otoriecha Kraft Al de Ankers vectorial to the iiagnotomotoriachan Kraft Xt des Voldatrunos, which in Riclt- If the Polaeltss acts' then one obtains the vector IT of magnetizing mognctomotoxic force. if neglected liquidation of saturation effects, 9l is the void opannur « , which leads the field current 1, ( which leads e1 nm 900 eatepricj: .t. 'The fieaktanzaball between lines at and s1 is based on the:; yncnronreaktanz xd, which is the sum of the reactances = a and acl at. Some change in mmgnatozotorl ahen ürät is exlordsrlch to the effect of the two rotor . Windings to be considered. The etellings and the Degrees of these in.agastnnrotorisel><a forces are shown in fig. 12th shown ,, with the position of the Dz: ehmonentwcklung 38 1ängo the Lini4 'OH lies, ie 60 ° in front of ij: the point gives a size of ITs that you get when you use Aiq "is extended from the flood axis at D until line O8 at F is cut :. The magnetomotive force TT, added to Aiq, gives a resulting vector ITd ' which is represented by the arrow 0D. If you add here- to see the magnetizing component of the magneto motor Kraft Aid des Ank®ra, this results in a total magnetic sization component v 0J. The Vi®klung 3? must be more negative Electricity IR has been supplied so that it can be used for generation of a river f necessary electromotive force : It yields which coincidentally coincides with ITd $ in Fig. 12. The resultant of the magnetomotive forces of the rotor is OC, which coincides with lt in FIG. 11. It should be mentioned here for explanation that an operation with a rotor angle of more than 90o can be important, to generate useful power and at the same time so much reactive to absorb electricity as it is required to run the Reduce the transmission voltage to the desired Vart. It has been explained above that the present invention brings better operational stability when the machine Dlindetrom creates or absorbs. As from the following will become clear, the invention also enables a better one Possibility than before to improve the stability of the machine influential when it generates useful power. It got up declares that b6: 1 ainam Duttrieb with uInan llotorwlüLQi . @. in the !, sudden 90® and mluimal excitement die became. - If ltoturwinkoln is more than 90® it is imperative to provide some kind of rotor-out roll, although it was difficult with the earlier machines both deal Itvtorwinkol to stauurn and the exiteleiatung to greet. This essentially requires a development times; isetieloruug of the machine, resulting in a low rotational moment leads and makes the? laechinu more unstable. Easy. 11 does an increase in performance first to a guard your rotor angle by one Letrag3 @ vow point .G to point L: Read fWirt to one Flux depletion due to an increase in the demagnetism ration hoMponexate by I fd. Nora.aalerweiso is one automatic tension control effect to increase the ma ;, e etomotor force of the rotor provided, uni at the same ßotorwinkel to achieve a new stable state are sufficient. The automatic voltage regulator has for rotor angles of more than y, 5® some kind of control or ßlimitation® device for the - Rotorwintcel. The new stable state is at point ki. Xan recognizes Pig. 11 that an increase of 1fd is contrary to the flow Component has. So it always did with common machines necessary to accept a river depression in order to reduce the. Initial power to increase if the rotor angle is greater than 900 is. Although the automatic voltage regulator went like this can be established that after this disturbance he does the same restores reactive absorption in point oil a further increase in I = a progressive depression result in the flux for larger rotor angles , and the performance grows until the stability if necessary - lost anyway in ? # 3 g. l: 2 sees that dis kiohtuag of the reactant strocuae, (Ih. of the current through the winding 37, of the soot The opposite is true, however, of the direction of the current durci) the 1> raw hair devolatilization only an angle of 60o with the flux oscillation includes: Also here causes an increase in power an instantaneous flow depression, there i # i ch at a slightly smaller angle from point F. In Vvrwartarlchtuna to point L in F sharp. 12 moves. A nactifol: Gender increase from I, but r increases the fluD of the machine, since 1T is a component in the direction of the Flussee f has. Therefore, a watung'suwaeh does nothing Flow # lepression and the machine behaved under load more stable. ala x'lisidstromabeorpbion .k ljnrl can be enlarged by = R in i: ƒ .-; utiver direction is greeted without ßee% ntrüch- fiigurg cle Dretanokentee while it is at a usual Rotor is necessary: 'first reduce Z = u' so that the Irotcjr ° viaücel advances into a new cleat, and then free St4Y boys over 900 I @ srgzUGeru, un dir kiuetiaclie ener-. to absorb them from the rotor movement and to achieve the same torque " how to reach before .. _

Claims (1)

New patent claims 1. Process for controlling reactive power in one Supply network with an alternating current machine arranged in it by changing the rotation of the machine fords direct current, characterized geke NNZ ei c h n e t that using a two-way rotary drum machine independent of one another, arranged at an angle to one another Rotor windings the machine by appropriate: excitation of the a rotor winding that determines the drive torque (18 e.g. 38) is operated in such a way that the other rotor Winding (17 or 37) in which the 8-strand changes to the blind leistungeateuerung be carried out in an in essential lichen no torque generating position b @ zUgliah des 8tatorfeldes is held. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that - I show net that the aleohatrom through the first rotor winding (18 or 38) depending on the difference between the stator clamps and a booster voltage is controlled according to size and direction so that the stator that of the difference between the gill tension and the Reference voltage corresponding reactive power erztus * noder can absorb . 3. Alternating current phase for carrying out the procedure according to claim 1 or 2, with two umshöxngitep, rotor shafts arranged at an angle to one another, thereby gekennzeichn e t in that the medium-Rotorwioklungen each other at an angle of less than 90 °, inebeeeadere unites Include angles of üOo . ,