DE1537335B1 - Device for inserting text into television programs - Google Patents

Description

t 537 335

1 2

The invention relates to a device for the text case of the cessation of text pulses also on-

ehiblendung in television programs, whereby the hears through.

a text scanner in the form of text pulses - in the case of two lines of text to be faded in

According to an embodiment of the invention for keyed text with light characters inside

one by a text-dependently controlled image 5 each text line two memory circuits to each other

extinguishers generated horizontal dark background independent determination of the beginning and end

tape is displayed. each of the two dark background bands in

For television broadcasts with foreign language text dependent on the respective text length,

In the same way, it is of course also possible to display texts in the lower part of the image

to be displayed in the respective national language. In the case of more than two lines of text for each text

the text generally does not directly refer to the re-line to provide two storage circuits. In general

given original, e.g. B. a feature film, copied, but it does not happen in television technology that

Instead, the film itself becomes more than a text overlaid in a picture broadcast by means of a film

sampler is played and the text is spanned by two lines of text. With a view to that

by means of a z. B. designed as a slide scanner text 15 the text for sufficient legibility a certain

sampler scanned. Under a slide scanner, have height and for the same reason between

there is a device that assigns a card, a sheet of paper to the lines and also between the two

or the like, which can be opaque, arranged dark background bands still a

however, as a slide or slide negative, there must often be a sufficiently large distance so that

leads is. The electrical impulses of the two ab- so the lines of text do not flow into one another for the reader,

buttons are then combined with one another. you can see that with more than two lines of text so

The superimposed text is generally bright, much of the image would be lost, since mostly a more or less dark image that the actual task of the image transmission cannot be assumed. However, this could be more fulfilled. Of course, this is disadvantageous because the text in the cases where the picture 25 problem dealt with here of overlaying text in the area of the text becomes difficult to read or the case becomes illegible to be distinguished from one another in a picture broadcast. In order to avoid this deficiency, where only text is to be sent, it has already been provided that the faded-in text. Such an exclusive text transmission is not affected by the present invention with a dark background band,
which the image field preferably runs through horizontally in its lower part. proper device for text insertion in

In the previously known devices of a television broadcasts result from the implementation

The type mentioned above extends the dark caution example.

Tergrundband in the horizontal direction over the In the drawing, the invention is an example

whole field of view, d. H. illustrated from its left to des- 35; it shows

sen right side edge. However, since it is often before- Fig. 1 the block diagram of an exemplary comes that the text to be reproduced is essentially a shorter embodiment of an underlying invention than the width of the image field, there is a laid device for generating one or more Disadvantage that often due to unnecessary, i.e. rer, dark background bands for recording Parts of the dark 40 of a light text that are not covered by text parts,

Background band of image parts are covered, the F i g. 2 is based on the block diagram according to FIG. 1

for the viewer of the television picture his right-hand block diagram of an inven-

could. proper device for adjusting the length

The invention is based on the object of the dark background band to the text length,
To avoid the above-mentioned deficiency and to perfect the device called a schematic cut-out, position two text lines one above the other so that the dark background band has the text length to illustrate the operation of a text line at the beginning and at the end of the text of the following Description "Dehner" only exceeds a small amount of length and the expansion element according to the invention is adapted to the respective length of the text. 50 direction,

According to the invention, the task set is combined with two text lines shown in FIG. 4 during the duration of each image line a viewed image field of a television receiver into which the Correct number of evenly distributed pulses from pulses of a clock generator of the invention Clock generator solved, at the output ßen device corresponding vertical dashed lines at least two storage circuits each with a counter 55 lines are drawn,

are connected, of which the first counter only Fig. 5 a specially the pulses of said

in the case of the presence of text pulses from the clock generator, illustrative schematic diagram

Text scanner and the second counter only in the case of lung.

that no text impulses are present, by each According to the embodiment, the invented impulse of the clock generator is started, the 60 according to the invention in conjunction with a first memory circuit for switching on and the second television system described, which per image field Memory circuit for switching off the image eraser 640 image lines one above the other. Under the Andient, would assume that only one line of text is provided, the

With such a configuration of the device in FIG. 4 a dark background band 11 is assigned the first memory circuit in the presence of 65 net is, which is in the lower area of the image-text impulses the generation of the dark rear field 10 is located, it is initially assumed that baseband, while the second memory circle contains this text from the words "TEXT TEXT TEXT" ensures that the dark background band exists and only a middle area of the line

3 4

length. The dark rear of the device according to FIG. 2, which will be described in more detail, is set

base band 11 made up of three strips 13, 14 and 15 - means that a dark background band 11 is

together, of which the strip 15 is exactly one of the testimonies.

Text height has a corresponding width and each- The text height sensor 25 consists of a Digiweils at the top and bottom adjoining strips 13 5 valley counter, which, however, only contains a small number of

and 14 those parts of the dark background- lines count, in the order of magnitude of the-

band 11, which is the text height above and the number of lines that correspond to the width of the

below so that the text corresponds completely to strip 13. According to the above

the width of the strip 13 of an image line is recorded within the dark background band 11. io number 3. However, it is just as possible that

According to FIG. 1 get from a usual, the text height sensor a larger number, z. B. four not shown text scanner sent, counts the image lines. On the other hand, with the described text corresponding electrical impulses over a benen embodiment none under three picture line 16 to a partial image lock 17. As soon as the number of text lines is permitted.

When pulses arrive, the frame lock 17 outputs a 15. It is assumed below that each of the pulses is sent to a digital counter 23, which sets this in digital counter 23 to the text height sensor 25 via the operation. The impulse is supplied via a line 24 to the effect that the device 18, a text height sensor 25 described in more detail below, counts four lines of images. Wähnen Dehner 42, who will be with the rest of the rend of this time via the line 26 and the F i g. 1 per se has nothing to do, over the lines ao line α of the 19 and 20 described in more detail below, the movable contact 20 'and the device according to the invention a bias voltage fixed contact 21 of a switch 37 and fed over the line that the dark background band passed across device 22 to digital counter 23. The switch creates the image field.

37 is designed as a toggle switch and has the- The text height sensor 25 is in accordance with FIG among other things, a second fixed condenser 25 via a branch line 33 to line 19

takt 38, the meaning of which is attached below and received in the event of arrival

is explained in more detail. of text pulses on line 16 as well

Once the digital counter 23 has been put into operation, such text pulses are continuously transmitted via the frame lock

counts the total number of line pulses of an image 17, the line 18, the stretcher 42 and the line

field, reduced by the width of the strip 30 to 19 and 33. As a result, the one over counts

13 corresponding image line number, the text height sensor 25 started in the present line 24 according to

Case is three, so that the end of the payment by the digital counter 23 of its four of im-

counted number of lines in the image is 637, before it continues to generate four numbers of pulses in pulses

In the manner still to be described below, an im- the lines 26 and α as long as text pulses

pulse emits. 35 arrive. As a result, the dark one also remains

After the digital counter 23 is put into operation, the background band will continue to exist. Only when

the image of the boundary line between which no more text impulses arrive, the text

two strips 13 and 15 in Fig. 4 along the height sensor 25 after it has been fully counted

following picture lines up to the lower edge of the picture last started four number of pulses none

sent further, after which the image reproduction with the ₄₀ more pulses more from. This achieves

next picture again at the upper edge of the picture - that also below the text the narrow strip

field begins. As a result, the digital counter 13 has received 14 of the dark background band,

the 637 image lines are counted in at the moment that makes the light text easier to read,

where the next time the picture is displayed, the above shows that the described

The upper edge of the strip 13 is reached. 45 level of operation can be repeated for each image sent.

At this moment the digital counter 23 is repeated. For example, if the number of images is 25 images

a pulse on a line 24 to a text per second, the digital counter 23 is also

Altitude sensor 25, whose function is started 25 times per second below, counts his every time

is described in more detail, and from there over 637 lines and transmits an impulse to the

a line 26, a movable contact 26 '50 text height sensor 25, which in turn is used to generate

a changeover of the dark background band, likewise actuated by the switch 37, via the lines

selkontaktes, a fixed contact 43 of this alternating 26 and α a bias voltage to one in F i g. 2 dar-

contacts and finally via a line «also provided image erasers27. The text height sensor

to parts of FIG. 25, which are described in greater detail below, are then each time no text impulses

F i g. 2 inventive device ₅₅ arrive via line 16 more, yet another

from. Four more pulses to the image eraser 27 from

The total width or height of the dark background. The time during which the dark background band 11 corresponds to the sum of the width of the background band 11 is maintained, the three strips 13, 15 and 14. As long as they depend exclusively on the time during which the wel line 16 text pulses arrive and after a 60 rather text impulses arrive via line 16.
Impulse from the frame lock 17 via the line according to FIG. 1, the text pulses from a line 18, the stretcher 42, the line 20, the contacts from the line 16 in front of the partial frame lock 17, 20 'and 21 and the line 22 to the digital counter 23, the line 28 and line parts e have also been transmitted and the latter the full purchase an associated number is one in Fig. 2 depicted text mixer 32 of rows and via the line 24 6 ₅ that the appearance of the text pulses a start pulse to the text height sensor 25 sent corresponding bright text on dark Hinhat, must be of the latter causes underground belt 11 to be continuously in operation,
find what, regardless of the following If two lines of text appear in the sent image

5 6

are to be dazzled, it is important that it is still the line counter 35 sends a pulse the necessary line counts in particular the line 36 to the switch 37, whereby the Switch contacts are correctly switched between the two Tetxzeilen so that now take place. In FIG. 4, two such lines of text are more the fixed contact 21 open and instead placed, of which the top the words »TEXT 5 the fixed contact 38 is closed. The part of the TEXT TEXT «, while the second line of image lock 17 then arrives as an outgoing pulse train contains only the one word "TEXT". Since the text via the line 18, the stretcher 42, the line 19 pulses on the line 16 out of sync with and the line 20 and the movable contact Frame rate arrive, it can happen that 20 'to the fixed contact 38, over which he has a weidie Text pulses via line 16 at a time io tere line 39 to a second digital counter 40 arrive where the image line that has just been sent ends up. The embodiment 41 of this digital counter between the two lines of text. One is also connected to the text height sensor 25, In such a case, the lower line of text would first be that of the digital counters that are thus the two digital counters 23 and 40 start, and after that this text would be assigned together.

line appears in the wrong place in the image field nen. Then it would then depend on chance, line counter 35 via line 34 back into its where the second line of text appears because there is no forced zero position and thus the switch current correct alignment between the upper 37 rearranged so that the changeover contacts and lower lines of text is present. take up the position shown in Fig. 1 again,

To avoid the aforementioned deficiency, it is necessary for the movable contact 20 'with the fixed cone to that between the clock 21 via the line 16 is connected.

incoming text pulses and the frame rate If there are two lines of text, the

synchronization takes place so that the field switch? at the transition to the second line of text Lock 17 to the digital counter 23 and the text switched and the digital counter 40 started, the Height sensor 25 cannot emit any pulses, so 35 also counts 637 image lines. However, since the long not a specific synchronization ratio counting start of the two digital counters 23 and 40 üis takes place between the text frequency and the frame frequency at different times, will also is available. For the purpose of this synchronization of the text height sensor 25 on the one hand via the digital the frame lock 17 after the end of the transmission counter 23 and the line 24 (for the first text of each individual image via a line 34 an image line 30) and on the other hand via the digital counter 40 and pulse supplied so that these image pulses thus the line 41 (for the second line of text) to different synchronism appear at the frame rate. Only after the times have started.

to which one such image pulse is transmitted at a time. From the above, it can be seen that with the

where text impulses about the line are also described, was not in itself an object of the pre-16 have arrived, goes over the line 18 a 35 lying invention forming device on the Signal to both the digital counter 23 and the image field for each line of text a dark background text height sensor 25. This ensures that band can produce. This dark background that however, with two lines of text the first impulse across bands 11 and 111 extend across the Line 18 through the upper edge of the higher text - full width of the image field, even if the line to the line is caused and not by the 40 belonging text only over a more or less upper edge the lower line of text or any small part of the width of the image. This is another part of the text. . disadvantageous, because in such cases through the dark

In the case of two lines of text, there must of course also be background bands, often important ones ensure that two dark background parts of the image are covered over which ribbons are generated. This is done by being 45 no text located.

special line counter 35 ensured, which in the following in connection with FIGS

Display of text pulses via lines 19 to 5 described device according to the invention and 33 the output line 72 during a through serves the purpose of determining the length of the dark background Shorten the total width of strips 13, 15 and 14 and base strips U and 111 so that they so that the width of the background band 11 is just matched to the respective text length. That NEN time and also locks over a time, the dark background band 11 in Fig. 4 should accordingly Start paying in approximately half of the free dimension only at position 45 and is already on stood between the two lines of text and 111 of the passage47 end, while the dark background corresponds to it Corresponds to the number of image lines. If two baseband 111 only begin at point 46 and If there are lines of text, the line counter gives 35 55 should end at 48, thereupon via its output line 36 an Im- According to FIG. 2 has the prepulse according to the invention to switch 37, which sets a clock generator 48 to the two directions of movement, the line-by-line Contacts 20 'and 26' of the aforementioned pulses are supplied via a line 148. Changeover contacts controls. The line impulses in practice serve to execute the line change z. B. purely electronically trained 60 should be controlled when sending the image lines and who switch37 is only the simpler representation in FIG. 1 that is thus shown at the beginning of each image line sent due to being shown as a relay. testifies. The clock generator 48 is used according to his After the first pulse train from the field start-up by a line pulse a lock7 forth over the line 18 and the stretcher number of particularly pronounced pulses 49 in the same way as well the line 19 on the one hand to the digital counter 65 moderate intervals over the entire image line the other lines 20, the movable ones, as shown schematically in FIG. 5 - contact 20 ', the fixed contact 21 and the line 22 is light. Each of these 22 pulses49 according to FIG and, on the other hand, would be fed to the line counter 35 if it were fed to the intensifying means of the image field

7 8

would be fed, a grid of many pulse via a line 65 and an electronic parallel vertical lines gate circuit 61 and a line 57 from 50 as shown in FIG. 4 are indicated, Na storage circuit 53 ago, then it goes into a certain course If these lines are not seen on the image field, another state that is the extinction of the bar, but only have an imaginary meaning, 5 dark background bands, e.g. B. the background the only for the trimming of the dark rear band 11 at the point 47 according to FIG. 4, caused basebands 11 and 111 practically in appearance. Accordingly, the output circle 31 of the image step, extinguisher 27 between positions 45 and 47 of the upper

The pulses sent out by the clock generator 48 Ren text line according to FIG A line 51 leads to four parallel forms of the mentioned bias voltage to an extinguishing circuit Storage circuits 52, 53, 54 and 55. The more powerful 70 is supplied, in which this voltage is so Memory circuit 52 serves to hold the leading edge of the effect that the image is erased or completely dark dark background band 11 of the upper text will be as long as the pulse in the output circle 31 be line indicated, which stands in Fig. 4 by the point 45. When the tension created by means of the body is. It works in the following way: 15 device30 is guided via the image eraser 27,

The first, arrived from the line 16 and, for example, between 0 and + 1VoIt is, whereby the image is added via the partial image lock 17, the line 18, the Deh-. 0 volts dark and +1 volt light, ner 42 as well as the lines 19 and 20, the moving voltage is superimposed on this voltage in the image eraser 27 a borrowed contact 20 ', the fixed contact 21 and a bias voltage of -3 volts, which is thus superimposed Line 22 to digital counter 23 ensures that the output voltage always reaches a pulse via a very dark image from line 22,
In the text mixer 32, the line c is also connected to the first storage circuit via a line 72

52. This starts on the basis of the text impulse, which is fed to the other usual parts of the transmitter the voltage supplied by the clock generator 48 via the lines and the voltage supplied via the line 28 51 supplied pulses 49. The number of these 35 led voltage of the text pulses superimposed on what Impulse 49 should, however, be somewhat smaller than that in sending the text over the dark Hinr-Fig. 5 number of pulses shown. Would lead underground tape. . -

namely the whole, a full picture line length corresponding to the corresponding number of pulses 49 fed in parallel to the memory circuit 52, the inner circuit 53 is switched so that its counter before the dark 30 is not at the beginning within the next picture line by the clock generator 48 , son background band 11 is generated, then this would be started at the end of each line of text. The result is that the dark background band deposit the. Thus, with reference to FIG. 11, impulses will only be heard immediately at the position of the first book memory circuit 53 at position 47 (FIG. 4) on the letter T of the first word "TEXT" of the upper one. At that moment the line of text would begin over the line. For the same reason, 35 57 a pulse to the electronic gate circuit 61 as one passes a strip 13 above the text, which in the presence of a bias voltage and below the text another strip 14 of the line a- leads to a pulse, over the dark background band, one wants the line65 to be fed to the image eraser27 but also before the start of the actual text and this is switched off. At point 47, the text follows well from a dark background, up to the right edge of the image field, where it can stand out. For this reason, the spoke remains dark background band 11, which in FIG. 4 circle 52 is designed so that it counts a number of pulses through a dashed line in the background band, which is slightly smaller than one of the anticipated. At this point, this can correspond to the full length of the image line. -.-..- ^ .5 images sent at the same time can be played back. - -

According to Fig. 4 results from the storage circuit As already stated, there are the alternating--

52 counted number of pulses a beginning of the dark contact of the holder 37, during the 'fade in background band at the point 45. This is achieved in the upper line of text ¹ in the figure shown in FIG _. the movable contact 20 'with the said pulses 49 from the memory circuit 52 through 50 fixed contact 21, connected _are: and during DER Eineine line 56 a pulse to an electronic turn of lower Textz ^ eEe in the other Stel-gate 60th is given, which is connected via the line in which the movable contact 20 ″ mit'.dem device α and the contact 43 at the same time from the fixed contact 38 of the text height. In the latter case it is fed from a sensor. If the text height sensor 25 to the partial image lock 7 via the line 18 also indicates that the stretchers 42 just sent, the lines 19 and. 20 as well as the bedete image line within a vertical area of the movable contact 20 'and the fixed contact 38 is outside the image field, where text is present or side of the line 39 is also connected to a line d , then strips 13 or 14 (Fig..4) On the other hand, one is connected to the storage circuits 54 and 55 by the gate circuit 60 via a line 64, which biases each of the storage circuits 52 to the image eraser 27, which 60 and 53 are completely identical. The memory circuit 54 is located in the chain of the image intensifier. thus in the manner shown in FIG. 2

The image eraser 27 is, for example, a bistable line 58 and an electronic gate circuit Element formed, which thus a certain supply 62 when the image eraser 27 come into action stand assumes when an Im- is to over the line 64 to the lower dark background band 111 to pulse, for example that of the front edge 45 of 65, on which the second line of text is then superimposed corresponding impulse arrives at the top of the text line. In a corresponding manner, the memory provides the generation of the dark background band 11 circle 55 via a line 59 and an electronic caused. On the other hand, if the image eraser 27 receives a gate circuit 63 at the point where the lower one

Claims (4)

9 10 dark background band 111 should stop. The beginning 69 of the second letter E is marked the two electronic gate circuits 62 (cf. the position 69 'in Fig. 3 below), and 63 according to the electronic gate scales. Lines 60 and 61 can also be better illustrated via one of the line α gen, are shown in FIG. 3 the corresponding line δ with corresponding information- 5 consecutive letters by opposing ben provided. Lent inclined hatching marked. There- Switching from the line α to the through the overlap areas appear between Line b takes place via the Sehalter 37, the successive letters of which are shown in cross-hatching. Movable contact 26 'during the fading in of the The cross hatching in Fig. 3 below thus proves lower line of text. pivoted downwards and with io that also the one created by a blank key a fixed contact 44 is connected, of which the space between two successive Line b goes out. Words cannot lead to a In this way it is ensured that the electronic gate circuits 61 or 62 so dark background band 111 of the lower text line react as if the text of the line had already ended according to FIG. 4 would only be at position 46 shortly before the beginning of 15, of the text begins and at position 48 shortly after The device described thus ends of the text ends. Accordingly, that one is sufficient by one already proposed in Fig. 4 also a dark background band generated at the location of the lower dark device for Background band 111 whose boundary lines in front of a line of text to be faded into a picture broadcast the position 46 and after the position 48 only 20 in the longitudinal direction of the line is only so long, dotted lines indicated. how it is used to underlay the sent text the storage circuits 52 to 55 for which reloading is necessary. So if a text is not the The following text is always in its correct whole line starting position corresponding to the full width of the image if you are still using a line length, then the one in front of the remains tion / connected to the partial edging lock 17 and 25 start of text and the image after the end of the text set aside from this when this part is free and the part of the image there is clear has performed its function. reflect what the understanding of the picture he-according to the above will facilitate the electronic ones and especially the text for those Gate circuits 60 to 63 partly with a vertical- makes people less disruptive who also work with showing and partly spoken with a honzontal display 30 of the video broadcast words and sentences Tension of the text fed. It could now understand. a lack of tension during text scanning. The invention is not limited to all details of the are displayed in such places where such described exemplary embodiment is bound. So is Tension not to be displayed, and the invention z. B. regardless of which one Although between the individual letters of a word 35 measures and devices the altitude and tes and in particular between two one on top of the other, the width of the dark background bands is determined following words in a line of text. To be such. Likewise, the invention is of the type used To prevent wrong work, one has in the pre-television system and in particular in the picture line direction 1, the stretcher 42 is switched on. number independent. If they are also in conjunction with Since the operation of such a stretcher has been described per se 40 for a television system which is known, now, in connection with Fig. 3, six hundred forty follows one another in the vertical direction sends a brief general explanation of the function of the following picture lines, so is the invention Dehner's 42nd application in no way refers to such a picture in FIG. 3 the last letter "T" of the number of lines are limited above. Likewise, the text and first word »TEXT« of the upper text line as well as those provided above and below the text the first two letters »TE« of the following additional stripe of the dark background band represented by the word "TEXT". The stretcher 42 has a different width than shown and in particular the effect that it has a different width directly on a text. impulse reacts when it starts, but has a considerable delay or slack time, 50 claims: when it is a question of indicating the cessation of the text impulse. The amount of slip is shown in Fig. 3 1. Device for text overlay in Fernmit 66 reproduced. It should be larger than that of the TV programs, whereby the text was enlarged Distance 65, which was scanned between two words of the button in the form of text pulses underlying, z. B. on a text slide 55 text with light characters within a existing text and for example by a text-dependent controlled image eraser by so-called blank keying on a typewriter-generated horizontal dark background banner is caused. Characterized by the effect of the faded in The cessation of the upper transverse through one during the duration of each line of the image is thus stretching of the letter T on the left in FIG. 3 at the 60 line a certain number of evenly distributed points 67 only after a clock generator (48) emitting pulses corresponding to the interval 66 corresponding time and thereby at least two storage circuits at the bottom of the output in FIG. 3 indicated with 67 'designated place. On the other hand (e.g. 52, 53) each connected to a counter above is the point 68 of the upper crossbar of which the first counter (52) is only in subsequent T according to FIG. 3 below already 55 cases of the presence of text pulses of the at the point 68 'has been given. Likewise, the text scanner and the second counter (53) are only in Stopping the first letter T of the second case that no text impulses are present, Word »TEXT« has not yet been displayed if every pulse from the clock generator (48) is started, the first storage circuit (52) being switched on and the second storage circuit (53) is used to switch off the image eraser (27). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that in the case of two lines of text to be faded in, two memory circuits for each line of text (52, 53 or 54, 55) for the independent determination of the beginning and the end each of the two dark background bands (11, 111) depending on the respective one Text length are provided. 3. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at the branching point (a, b, 43, 44) a line (26), which is from a device with a Texthöhenfüh- »5 ler (25) for obtaining the text-dependent Erase pulses lead to the electronic gate circuits (60, 61 or 62, 63) connected upstream of the image eraser (27), a switch (37) is provided which connects to the incoming line (26) at the branch point ao associated movable contact (26 ') between the two branch lines (a, b) associated. Fixed contacts (43, 44) switches over according to the line of text sent. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that each storage circuit (52 to 55) is assigned one of the electronic gate circuits (60 to 63) also connected to one of the branch lines (a, b) and via a second input channel (56 to 59) is connected to it, the extension of the respectively assigned dark background band (11 or 111) in the horizontal direction via the latter channels (56 to 59) and its extension in the vertical direction via the first-mentioned branch lines (a, b) being controlled and the Electronic gate circuits (60 to 63) are designed in such a way that an erase pulse is only passed on to the image eraser (27) as long as erase pulses arrive via both input channels at the same time. 1 sheet of drawings