DE1523725B2

DE1523725B2 - METHOD OF MANUFACTURING WATCH STONES

Info

Publication number: DE1523725B2
Application number: DE19661523725
Authority: DE
Inventors: Auf Nichtnennung Antrag
Original assignee: Erfinor AG, Sitz bei Advokatur und Notanatsbureau Prof D H Marti, Bern
Priority date: 1967-08-16
Filing date: 1966-10-20
Publication date: 1973-02-22
Also published as: CH495801A; DE1523725A1; CH1464065A4

Description

aus mindestens einem Metalloxyd verwendet, dieses Pulver in einer Form geeigneter Gestalt preßt, dann das so erhaltene Stück mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Ofens unter solchen Bedingungen sintert, daß der anfallende Rohling physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften aufweist, die denjenigen der konventionellen Steine vergleichbar sind, worauf man den Rohling zu dessen Überführung in den gewünschten Zustand mindestens einer Endbearbeitung unterzieht.used from at least one metal oxide, this powder is pressed in a suitable shape, then the piece thus obtained sinters with the aid of a suitable furnace under such conditions that the resulting Blank has physical and chemical properties similar to those of conventional ones Stones are comparable, whereupon you put the blank to convert it into the desired state subject to at least one finishing process.

Die Erfindung bietet insbesondere den Vorteil, daß Uhrensteine erzeugt werden, die sämtliche mechanischen Eigenschaften der konventionellen Rubin- oder Spinellsteine aufweisen, deren Herstellung aber wesentlich einfacher ist und weniger Materialabfall ergibt, wodurch die Fertigprodukte preisgünstiger werden.The invention offers the particular advantage that watch stones are produced that all mechanical Properties of conventional ruby or spinel stones, their manufacture but is much simpler and results in less material waste, making the finished products cheaper will.

Anstatt von monokristallinen synthetischen Rubinen und Spinellen auszugehen, verwendet man erfindungsgemäß ein Metalloxyd-Pulver von bestimmter Körnung, bei welchem der Durchmesser der Teilchen z. B. zwischen 0 und 10 μ liegt. Man braucht vorzugsweise Aluminiumoxyd der Phase α mit Zusatz eines oder mehrerer mineralischer Bestandteile als Farbstoffe, die gleichfalls, in einer späteren Herstellungsphase, die Gewinnung des Fertigproduktes erleichtern können. Gewisse organische oder mineralische oder organomineralische Zusätze können zur Begünstigung des Pressens und der Sinterung als Bindemittel verwendet werden.Instead of starting from monocrystalline synthetic rubies and spinels, one uses according to the invention a metal oxide powder of certain grain size, at which the diameter of the particles z. B. is between 0 and 10 μ. It is preferable to use aluminum oxide of phase α with an additive one or more mineral components as dyes, which also, in a later manufacturing phase, can facilitate the extraction of the finished product. Certain organic or mineral or organo-mineral additives can be used as binders to promote pressing and sintering be used.

Das Metalloxyd-Pulver mit seinen Zusätzen wird dann einer Behandlung unterzogen, die in einer Homogenisierung des Gemisches nach klassischen Techniken besteht, wie z.B. Durchführung durch eine Trommel oder Mischung mittels eines in einer flüssigen Phase arbeitenden Rührers, welche Phase die Bestandteile des für das Endziel verwendeten Pulvers in Suspension und gegebenenfalls gewisse Elemente in Lösung enthält. Diese Techniken sind in der keramischen Industrie als klassisch bekannt. Die Pulver werden nachher »granuliert« und getrocknet, beides ebenfalls nach bekannten Techniken. Die so erhaltenen Granulate werden nachher der Preßphase unterzogen. Sie werden in geeignete Formen von vorzugsweise hydraulischen Pressen eingefüllt. Je nach der Konstruktion der Preßform kann man ein oder gleichzeitig mehrere Stücke pressen. Nach der Pressung, die unter einem Druck von einigen Tonnen pro Quadratzentimeter erfolgt, erhält man Zwischenprodukte, die nun noch gesintert werden. Die Sinterung erfolgt in Öfen hoher Temperatur. Temperatur und Dauer des Sintervorganges, ebenso die Art der Ofenatmosphäre, sind abhängig von den gewünschten Eigenschaften des Produktes. Im vorliegenden Falle erfolgt die Sinterung im allgemeinen bei einer Temperatur im Bereiche von 1500 bis 2000° C während einer Zeitdauer, die sich von einigen Stunden bis zu einigen Tagen erstrecken kann. Die Sinterung kann auch unter Druck erfolgen, was eine entsprechende Anpassung von Temperatur und Zeitdauer erfordert.The metal oxide powder with its additives is then subjected to a treatment that results in homogenization of the mixture according to classical techniques, such as implementation by a Drum or mixing by means of a stirrer operating in a liquid phase, which phase is the Components of the powder used for the end goal in suspension and, if applicable, certain elements in solution. These techniques are known to be classic in the ceramic industry. The powder are then "granulated" and dried, both also using known techniques. The so obtained Granules are then subjected to the pressing phase. They are in appropriate forms of preferably hydraulic presses. Depending on the construction of the mold, one can use one or Press several pieces at the same time. After pressing, which is under a pressure of a few tons per Square centimeters takes place, one obtains intermediate products, which are now still sintered. The sintering takes place in high temperature ovens. Temperature and duration of the sintering process, as well as the type of furnace atmosphere, depend on the desired properties of the product. In the present case the sintering is generally carried out at a temperature in the range from 1500 to 2000 ° C during a period of time which can range from a few hours to a few days. Sintering can also take place under pressure, which requires a corresponding adjustment of temperature and time.

Am Ende des Sintervorganges liegen Rohsteine vor, welche je nach der Art der verwendeten Preßform denjenigen gleich sind, die bis heute durch Sägen erhalten werden oder zur Überführung in den gewünschten Zustand noch eine oder zwei Fertigbearbeitungsvorgänge erfordern. Diese Bearbeitungsvorgänge können in einem Sägevorgang oder in Oberflächenbehandlungen bestehen, die den Rohlingen Dimensionstoleranzen geben, welche für die späteren, die Rohlinge in fertige Steine überführenden Bearbeitsvorgänge notwendig sind.At the end of the sintering process there are rough stones, which depending on the type of die used are the same as those obtained by sawing up to the present day or for conversion to the desired ones Condition still require a finishing operation or two. These editing operations can consist of a sawing process or surface treatments that give the blanks dimensional tolerances give which for the later, the blanks converting into finished stones processing operations are necessary.

Es wurde oben ein Verfahren beschrieben, durch welches man Uhrensteinrohlinge in Formen und Dimensionen erhält, die den bisher verwendeten Rubinrohlingen gleichartig oder ähnlich sind. Immer ausgehend von einem einer Sinterung unterworfenen Pulver, kann man erfindungsgemäß in einer Zwischenstufe die Herstellung von Rohmaterial mit Dimensionen und Formen vornehmen, dank welchen die Sägeoperationen zur Herstellung der Rohstücke beträchtlich reduziert werden können. So kann man im Falle von Hebesteinen Platten durch Sinterung herstellen, deren Dicke einer der Dimensionen der Parallelepipede entspricht. Durch zwei aufeinanderfolgende Sägeschnitte geringer Dicke kann man Plättchenrohlinge herstellen. Man kann erfindungsgemäß auch Rohmaterial in anderer Form, z.B. in Form von Stäbchen herstellen, deren Querschnitt einem der Schnitte von Hebesteinrohlingen entspricht. Letztere werden dann durch einen einzigen Sägevorgang in ihre Endform gebracht. Diese Ausführungsart des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eignet sich besonders für die Herstellung von Ellipsen. In diesem Falle haben die Stäbchen je nach Erfordernis einen runden oder andern Querschnitt und werden durch Sägen in den für die Rohlinge gewünschten Längen zerschnitten. A method has been described above, by which one watch stone blanks in shapes and dimensions receives that are the same or similar to the ruby blanks previously used. Always starting of a powder that has been subjected to sintering can, according to the invention, be carried out in an intermediate stage make the production of raw materials with dimensions and shapes, thanks to which the sawing operations for the production of the blanks can be reduced considerably. So in the Trap of lifting stones. Manufacture plates by sintering, the thickness of which is one of the dimensions of the parallelepiped is equivalent to. With two successive saw cuts of small thickness, you can cut blanks produce. According to the invention, raw material can also be used in another form, for example in the form of from chopsticks, the cross-section of which corresponds to one of the cuts of lifting stone blanks. Latter are then brought into their final shape by a single sawing process. This embodiment of the invention Process is particularly suitable for the production of ellipses. In this case have the sticks have a round or different cross-section, depending on the requirements, and are cut into cut to the lengths desired for the blanks.

In einer besondern Ausführung kann man erfindungsgemäß zwischen der Pressung und der Sinterung des Pulvers eine Brennung einschalten, die in der französischen Sprache »biscuitage« genannt wird und die darin besteht, daß man das gepreßte Pulver einer Temperatur zwischen 1000 und 1300° C unterwirft. Dieser Vorgang bildet eine Art von Vor-Sinterung, welche das Material weniger erhärtet als die Sinterung selbst und z.B. bei Lochsteinen die Herstellung eines Loches ohne Zuhilfenahme von Diamant ermöglicht.In a special embodiment, according to the invention, it is possible to switch between pressing and sintering of the powder switch on a flame called "biscuitage" in the French language and which consists in subjecting the pressed powder to a temperature between 1000 and 1300 ° C. This process forms a kind of pre-sintering, which hardens the material less than that Sintering itself and e.g. in the case of perforated stones, the production of a hole without the aid of diamond enables.

Man kann sich fragen, ob das auf oben beschriebene Art durch Sinterung erhaltene Material die für die von Uhrensteinen zu erfüllenden Funktionen unentbehrlichen Eigenschaften besitzt, und ob keine wesentlichen Nachteile zu befürchten sind. Über mehrere Jahre sich erstreckende praktische Versuche und Erprobungen haben jedoch erwiesen, daß die erfindungsgemäß durch Sinterung erhaltenen Keramikteile die für Uhrensteine erforderlichen physikalischen als auch chemischen Eigenschaften besitzen.One may wonder whether the material obtained by sintering in the manner described above is suitable for possesses the essential properties to be fulfilled by watch stones, and whether none major disadvantages are to be feared. Practical experiments over several years However, tests have shown that the ceramic parts obtained according to the invention by sintering have the physical and chemical properties required for watch stones.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Uhrensteine sind undurchsichtig. Sie werden vorzugsweise rot gefärbt, um ihnen das Aussehen von Rubinen zu geben.The watch stones produced according to the invention are opaque. They are preferably colored red, to give them the appearance of rubies.

Claims

ι 2 The invention relates to a method for the production of patent claims: development of watch stones. In the clock, the most popular

1. Process for the production of watch parts exposed to wear such as pallets, ellipses, nen, characterized in that 5 axle bearings, etc. mainly made of synthetic stones a granular powder is made as the starting material.

made of at least one metal oxide, which- The process for making these watch stones

Presses this powder in a suitable shape (lifting stones, ellipses, perforated stones, cap stones, etc.)

then the piece obtained in this way with the help of a currently based on the use of synthetic

suitable furnace under such conditions of sin- ios stones, in particular of ruby and spinel,

tert that the resulting blank physical These raw materials fall in the form of more or less

and has chemical properties that are typical of the regular "pears". Through successive sowing

Processing using diamond saws is comparable to conventional stones

are whereupon the blank to be transferred from the raw material parallelepipedes, which in the case of the

leading to the desired state at least 15 watch stone production then serve as blanks,

undergoes a finishing process. The main disadvantage of this known

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in the manufacturing process indicates that the metal oxide has a minimal smallness of the blanks, the volume of which is roughly the size a mineral component is in the order of color of the cubic millimeter. The sawdust adds. zo cutting width creates a lost volume that

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is much greater than the volume of the raw material obtained, that the metal oxide is orga- linge. The loss of raw materials is therefore considerable and niche or mineral or organo-mineral- is made even more or less regular see as a binder to favor the press "form of the raw material increases. But since it is a sung and sintering substances are added. 25 trades relatively expensive raw materials and

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to the consumption of diamond when sawing bebis 3, characterized by the fact that one is substantial, it would be advantageous if one could Talloxyd is used, the particles of which emanate from a raw material, the shape of which is a Reschen 0 and 10 μ lying diameters. production of sawing operations and, consequently, of the

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 would allow 30 wastes.

to 4, characterized in that one as Me- It was therefore obvious that the aforementioned

tallow oxide aluminum oxide is used. Parts by sintering powder material

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 len. It is therefore not surprising that several derarbis5, characterized in that elements and processes are already known before the term. Pressing the powder in a form of this homo- 35 B. by the French patent genized, then granulated and dried. 984 562 a sintering process became known, with-

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 means which self-lubricating parts manufactured werbis 6, characterized in that the pressing can. Through the purely metallic combination Powder at a pressure of the order of magnitude of the material and the achievable mechaninung of a few tons per square centimeter 4 ° and see the chemical properties of the parts will. These are not suitable for use in the

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 watch industry. The material should have this disadvantage to 7, characterized in that the sintering and process according to the French patent at a temperature between 1500 and 2000 ° C 1068 823 do not have. By choosing

. Temperature is completed. . 45 corresponding raw materials in powder form, one

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 correct heat and pressing treatment is a to 8, characterized in that the sintering produced self-lubricating part, its mechaniunter Pressure is applied. I still don't see properties, however, in spite of everything

10. The method according to one of claims 1 can be compared with those of the rubies / to 9, characterized in that one is first in 5 ° Another known material and method a form of which at least one prostitute from Swiss patent 285 201 besion that of the finished blanks is the same, according to which the surface of the bearing bushes Manufactures basic raw body with anodically deposited aluminum oxide

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 is coated. This well-known execution vabis 10, characterized in that the powder 55 riante, however, has the disadvantage that such Alumina deposited between its compression and sintering on one side a kind of pre-sintering forming fiery point and thus susceptible to mechanical crosslinking at a temperature between 1000 and 1300 ° C.

is subjected to low temperature. The invention is based on the object

12. Watch stone, manufactured according to one of the 60 processes for the production of watch stones to realisprüche 1 to 11, whose mechanical and chemical properties

13. Watch stone according to claim 12, thereby doing business with those of the previously used indicates that it is opaque. Rubies are comparable, but that the

14. Watch stone according to claim 12 or 13, mentioned disadvantages in the manufacture of the convex marked that it is colored red. 65 tional stones does not have.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a

Method solved, which is characterized by

that the starting material is a granular powder