DE1513237C

DE1513237C - DC voltage source that responds to current fluctuations and is voltage-stabilized by means of transistors and a control transformer

Info

Publication number: DE1513237C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Johannis Cornells Hilversum Lodder (Niederlande)
Original assignee: Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Current assignee: Koninklijke Philips NV
Publication date: 1971-12-09

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine auf Strom- Primärwicklung zwischen der Längsdrosselspule und Schwankungen ansprechende, mittels Transistoren und der entsprechenden Ausgarigsklemme angeschlossen ist.The invention relates to a current primary winding between the series choke coil and Fluctuations responsive, connected by means of transistors and the corresponding Ausgarigsklemme.

eines im Längszweig angeordneten Steuertransforma- Die Erfindung wird an Hand der Zeichnung beitors spannungsstabilisierte Gleichspannungsquelle mit spielsweise näher erläutert:a control transformer arranged in the series branch. The invention will beitors with reference to the drawing Voltage-stabilized DC voltage source with, for example, explained in more detail:

einem eine Längsdrosselspule und einen Querkbnden- 5 F i g. 1 zeigt das Schaltbild eines ersten Ausfüh-one a series choke coil and one crossbands 5 F i g. 1 shows the circuit diagram of a first embodiment

sator enthaltenden Glättungsfilter. . rungsbeispiels der Gleichspannungsquelle nach dersator containing smoothing filter. . example of the DC voltage source according to the

Das Prinzip derartiger Stabilisierungsschaltungen, Erfindung; : " . . : nämlich die Verwendung eines Längs- bzw. Quer- Fig. 2 zeigt Strom-und Spannungs-Zeit-Diagramtransistors, ist aus vielen Veröffentlichungen bereits me zur Erläuterung der Wirkungsweise dieses Ausfühbekannt, so z. B. aus der USA.-Patentschrift 3 022 457, io rungsbeispiels, undThe principle of such stabilization circuits, invention; : "..: namely the use of a longitudinal or transverse Fig. 2 shows current and voltage-time diagram transistor, is already known from many publications to explain the mode of action of this design, so z. B. from USA.-Patent 3 022 457, io approximate example, and

der französischen Patentschrift 1129 706 und der F i g. 3 zeigt das Schaltbild eines zweiten, vereindeutschen Auslegeschrift 1052 529. : fachten Ausführungsbeispiels.French patent 1129 706 and FIG. 3 shows the circuit diagram of a second, German association Auslegeschrift 1052 529.: multiple exemplary embodiment.

Auch sind Stabilisierungsschaltungen mit einer Korn- Das erste Ausführungsbeispiel nach F i g. 1 besitzt bination aus Längs- 'und Quergliedern bekannt- einen Gleichrichter 1, z.B. einen aus dem Netz gegeworden, so z. B. aus der ÜSA.-Patentschrift 2 925 548 15 speisten Gleichrichter bzw. eine Batterie mit nur einem und der britischen Patentschrift 928 814. . - Spannungsumsetzer, gefolgt von einem GleichrichterStabilization circuits with a grain system are also possible. The first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 owns Bination of longitudinal and transverse links known - a rectifier 1, e.g. one from the network, so z. B. from the ÜSA.-Patent 2 925 548 15 fed rectifier or a battery with only one and British Patent 928 814.. - Voltage converter followed by a rectifier

Schließlich zeigen die deutschen Auslegeschriften mit einem Ausgangsglättungsfilter, das aus einer 1123 749,1155 848,1155 849,1155 850 und 1181 791 Längsdrosselspule 2 und einem Querkondensator 4 Schaltungen, bei denen eine Wechseistromkopplung besteht. Die negative Ausgangsklemme 5 der Gleichfür eine stromschwankungsabhängige Steuerkompo- ao Spannungsquelle ist mit der entsprechenden Klemme nente des Längstransistors vorgesehen ist. des Gleichrichters 1 über die Längsdrosselspule 2 undFinally, the German interpretative publications show with an output smoothing filter that consists of a 1123 749.1155 848.1155 849.1155 850 and 1181 791 series choke coil 2 and a cross capacitor 4 Circuits in which there is an AC coupling. The negative output terminal 5 of the same for a current fluctuation dependent control compo- ao voltage source is connected to the corresponding terminal nent of the series transistor is provided. of the rectifier 1 via the series choke coil 2 and

Der vorliegenden Anmeldung liegt die Aufgabe die Primärwicklung 3 eines Steuertransformators ver-~The present application has the task of providing the primary winding 3 of a control transformer

zugrunde, bei. einer stabilisierten Gleichspannungs- bunden, und ihre positive Ausgangsklemme 6 ist un-based on. of a stabilized DC voltage bond, and its positive output terminal 6 is un-

quelle der eingangs genannten Art die dynamische mittelbar an die entsprechende Klemme dieses Gleich-source of the type mentioned at the beginning, the dynamic indirectly to the corresponding terminal of this equal-

Ausgangsimpedanz wesentlich herabzusetzen. 35 richters 1 angeschlossen. Der Hauptstromkreis einesReduce output impedance significantly. 35 judge 1 connected. The main circuit of a

Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß ein zwischen den Quertransistors 7 vom pnp-Typ liegt zwischen den Ausgangsklemmen angeordneter Querzweig den Ausgangsklemmen 5 und 6, wobei seine Kollektor-Hauptstromkreis eines Quertransistors enthält und ein elektrode unmittelbar mit der negativen Klemme 5 zwischen der mit der Längsdrosselspule über den und seine Emitterelektrode über einen Widerstand 1Γ Steuertransformator verbundenen Ausgangsklemme 30 mit der positiven Klemme 6 verbunden ist. Der Haupt- und einem Punkt mit einem Potential, welches höher Stromkreis eines Längstransformators 8, gleichfalls ist als und das gleiche Vorzeichen hat wie das Poten- vom pnp-Typ, liegt zwischen der mit der Längsdrosseltial dieser Ausgangsklemme, angeordneter Längszweig spule 2 über den Steuertransformator verbundenen den Hauptstromkreis eines Längstransistors enthält, Ausgangsklemme 5 und einem Punkt 17 des Gleichdaß die Basiselektroden der beiden Transistoren mit 35 richters 1 mit einem Potential, das höher ist als und ihren Emitterelektroden gleichstromleitend verbunden ; das gleiche Vorzeichen hat wie das Potential der Aussind, so daß die Transistoren bei normalen Spannungs- gangsklemme 5, wobei seine Kollektorelektrode unvei hältnissen am Ausgang gesperrt sind, und daß mittelbar mit dem Punkt 17 höheren negativen Potenzwischen der Längsdrcsselspule und diesen Basis- tials und seine Emitterelektrode über einen Widerelelctroden der Stelltransformator so angeordnet ist, 40 stand 12 mit der negativen Klemme 5 verbunden ist. daß der Quertransistor bei einer Abnähme und der Die Basiselektroden der beiden Transistoren7 und.8 Längstransisfor bei einer Zunahme des Stromes durch sind mit deren Emitterelektroden über Sekundärwickdie Längsdrosselspule zeitweise stromleitend ist. lungen 9 bzw. 10 des Steuertransformators gleich—The invention consists in that one between the transverse transistor 7 of the pnp type is located between the Output terminals arranged shunt arm the output terminals 5 and 6, with its collector main circuit contains a transverse transistor and an electrode connected directly to the negative terminal 5 between the with the series choke coil and its emitter electrode via a resistor 1Γ Control transformer connected output terminal 30 is connected to the positive terminal 6. The main- and a point with a potential which is higher in the circuit of a series transformer 8, likewise is as and has the same sign as the potential of the pnp type, lies between that with the longitudinal throttle deltial this output terminal, arranged series branch coil 2 connected via the control transformer contains the main circuit of a series transistor, output terminal 5 and a point 17 of the Gleichdaß the base electrodes of the two transistors with 35 judges 1 with a potential that is higher than and their emitter electrodes connected to conduct direct current; has the same sign as the potential of being out, so that the transistors at normal voltage input terminal 5, with its collector electrode unvei conditions at the output are blocked, and that indirectly with the point 17 higher negative potential between the series winding coil and this base tials and its emitter electrode via a resistor electrode the variable transformer is arranged so that 40 stood 12 is connected to the negative terminal 5. that the transverse transistor with a decrease and the base electrodes of the two transistors7 and.8 Longitudinal transisfor with an increase in the current through are with their emitter electrodes via secondary winding Line reactor is temporarily conductive. lungs 9 or 10 of the control transformer equal

Dazu sei bemerkt, daß ein Gleichspannungsstabili- stromleitend verbunden, so daß die Transistoren nör-^It should be noted that a DC voltage stabilizer is connected in a conductive manner, so that the transistors fail ^

sator mit einer Verstärkerröhre, deren Hauptstrom- 45 malerweise gesperrt sind. .,with an amplifier tube, the main stream of which is 45 times blocked. .,

kreis zwischen den Ausgangsklemmen angeschlossen Bei jeder Änderung der an die Ausgangsklemmen 5circuit connected between the output terminals Whenever the output terminals 5

ist, in der USA.-Patentschrift 2 475 613 beschrieben und 6 angeschlossenen Beiastungsirnpedanz und dem-is, in the USA.-Patent Specification 2,475,613 and 6 connected load impedance and the-

wurde. Diese Röhre wird vom Spannungsabfall an nach des BelastungsstromesT₅ (Fig. 2) entsteht einwould. This tube is created from the voltage drop on after the load current T ₅ (Fig. 2)

einem zwischen ihrer-Kathode und der negativen Spannungsunterschied . _v one between your-cathode and the negative voltage difference. _v

Eingängsklemme liegenden Widerstand gesteuert, und 50 .Input terminal lying resistance controlled, and 50.

ihr Anodenstrom bewirkt einen bei zunehmendem . ^ d/₅ their anode current causes one with increasing. ^ d / ₅

Spannungsabfall art diesem Widerstand abnehmenden, ³ ^_t größeren Spannungsabfall an einem zwischen positivenVoltage drop type this resistance decreasing, ³ ^ _t larger voltage drop at one between positive

Eingangs- und Ausgangsklemmen als Längsimpedanz an der Primärwicklung 3 des Steuertransformators, geschalteten zweiten Widerstand höheren Wertes. 55 und in den Sekundärwicklungen 9 und 10 wird je eine Dieser Stabilisator bewirkt auch einen dynamischen entsprechende Spannung induziert. Die Kopplungs-Ausgleich, jedoch ein beachtlicher Teil (grur.dsätz- richtungen sind derart gewählt, daß bei einer Zunahme lieh etwa die Hälfte) des Stromes, den die Gleich- des Belastungsstromes/₅ der Quertransistor 7 weiter Stromquelle liefern kann, geht in der Röhre verloren, in der Sperrichtung gesteuert wird, während der während ein Röhrenäquivalent der Gleichstromquelle 60 Längstransistor 8 stromleitcnd wird und den Spanmit herabgesetzter dynamischer Ausgangsimpedanz nungsabfall an der Längsdrosselspule 2 auszugleichen gemäß der Erfindung verhältnismäßig umständlich sucht. Bei einer Abnahme des Belastungsstromes/₅ und nur sehr schwer verwirklichbar wäre. ' wird der Quertransistor 7 stromleitend und sucht dieInput and output terminals as series impedance on the primary winding 3 of the control transformer, connected second resistor of higher value. 55 and in the secondary windings 9 and 10 a respective one. This stabilizer also causes a dynamic corresponding voltage to be induced. The coupling compensation, however, a considerable part (basic principle directions are chosen in such a way that with an increase borrowed about half) of the current that the DC load current / ₅ the transverse transistor 7 can supply further current source, goes in the Tube lost, is controlled in the reverse direction, while the tube equivalent of the direct current source 60 series transistor 8 is Stromleitcnd and seeks to compensate for the voltage drop at the series inductor 2 according to the invention with reduced dynamic output impedance. With a decrease in the load current / ₅ and would be very difficult to achieve. 'The transverse transistor 7 is conductive and seeks the

Die Längsimpedanz der Gleichspannungsquelle ist Belästungsstromabnahme auszugleichen, während derThe series impedance of the DC voltage source is to compensate for the pollution current decrease during the

meist eine Drosselspule. 65 Längstransistor 8 weiter in Sperrichtung gesteuert wird.mostly a choke coil. 65 series transistor 8 is controlled further in the reverse direction.

Vorzugsweise ist die Basiselektrode jedes Transistors Zur Verstärkung dieser Ausgleichseffekte sind dieThe base electrode of each transistor is preferably used

mit dessert Emitterelektrode über eine Sekundärwick- Basis-Emitter-Kreise zweier weiterer Leistungstran-with dessert emitter electrode via a secondary winding base-emitter circles of two further power trans-

lung des Stellertransformators verbunden, dessen sistoren 13 und 14 über die Emitter-Belastungswider-development of the control transformer, whose transistors 13 and 14 are connected via the emitter load resistors

Claims

11 and 12 of the transistors 7 and 8 would be connected, while the collector electrode of the transistor 13 is connected to the negative output terminal 5 via a current limiting resistor 15 and that of the transistor 14 is connected to the point 17 via a current limiting resistor 16. A DC voltage source according to FIG. 1 was practically implemented with a regulated rectifier 1 with an output voltage of 16 V and a maximum load current of 6 amps, the static stability of which was better than 1% / Without the transistors ?, 8, 13 and 14, the output voltage decreased despite the Stabilization, briefly around a value Δ K5 of around 2.5 V or around 15% after a sudden load with a current / 5 of 6 Amp., And when the load current J5 was switched off, there was a short voltage peak Δ F5 of around 1.5 V or about 10% as shown on the top two lines of FIG. 2 is shown. This was due to the dynamic impedance of the DC voltage source, in particular to its series choke coil 2. ■ ■. ; l ■ By connecting the transistors 7, 8, 13 and 14, the amplitude of the voltage disturbances at the output terminals 5, 6 with the same load changes increased to about 100 mV peak to peak with sudden load and to about 50 mV peak to peak when the Load reduced. This is due to the fact that the transistors act as amplifiers with strong negative feedback, which counteract any change in the current through the series choke coil 2 by temporarily supplying or absorbing the sudden load current difference themselves. In this way it is achieved that when a load current / 5 of 6 amps is suddenly switched on or off, the current / 3 flowing through the series choke coil 2 and the primary winding 3, as shown in the lower line of FIG. 2, increases slowly and linearly and decreases slowly and almost exponentially, in a time of about 0.2 seconds. If the rectifier 1 is provided with a voltage stabilization device, the change in the current / 5 is so slow that this device can always maintain the output voltage at its original value. Be that as it may, there is no longer any sudden change in current at the output of rectifier 1, and consequently no voltage jump either. The dynamic output impedance of the direct current source could also be reduced in the usual way by means of a capacitor connected to the output terminals 5 and 6. However, a capacitor of more than 1 Farad would be necessary to reduce the voltage disturbances at the output terminals to a comparable extent. F i g. 3 shows the circuit diagram of a second, greatly simplified exemplary embodiment. The other transistors are omitted. The cross transistor 7 'is a power transistor of the npn type. Its emitter electrode is directly connected to the negative output terminal 5 and its collector electrode is connected to the positive terminal 6 via a current limiting resistor 15. The series transistor 8 is a power transistor of the pnp type, the emitter electrode of which is directly connected to the output terminal 5 and the collector electrode of which is connected to the point 17 via a limiting resistor 16. Since the collector counter voltage required to operate a transistor does not need to be high, point 17 is the connection point of the series choke coil 2 with the rectifier 1. The base electrodes of the two transistors 7 'and 8 are at the same end of a common secondary winding 10 of the control transformer whose other end is connected to the emitter electrodes of the two transistors and to the negative output terminal 5. '' ■. ■ · - · ·. · - ·, - ■; .-:. ·. · This simplified embodiment works in the same way as that according to FIG. 1, with the difference that the equalizing current flowing through the collector circuit of each of the transistors 7 'and 8 is'' times greater than the forward current induced by the secondary winding 10, while in the first embodiment the total equalizing current x '+ (a' + l) ß 'times greater than the current through the corresponding secondary winding, where α' is the collector-base current gain of transistors 7 'and 8 or 7 and 8 and ß' that of transistors 13 and 14 of FIG. 1 represents. This means that with a corresponding reduction in the dynamic output impedance, the transformation ratio of the control transformer 3, 10 of the second exemplary embodiment should be approximately (½ + 1) times greater than that between the primary winding 3 and each of the secondary windings 9 and 10 of the control transformer of the first embodiment. Numerous other embodiments and variants are of course also possible. So z. B. also a capacitive coupling between the series choke coil and the base electrodes of the transistors applicable, z. B. with two complementary transistors, such as the transistors 7 'and 8 of FIG. 3, or in conjunction with a phase reversing transistor for controlling one of the transistors of a transistor pair of the same conductivity as the transistors 7 and 8 or 13 and 14 of FIG. 1. In most cases, however, it is more advantageous to use a control transformer and avoid AC networks, which have different characteristics from those of the series reactor. .... Claims:. ■■ ..- -

1. Responsive to current fluctuations, arranged by means of transistors and one in the series branch -Control transformer voltage-stabilized DC voltage source with a series reactor and a smoothing filter containing a transverse condenser, characterized in that a transverse branch arranged between the output terminals (5, 6) is the Main circuit contains a transverse transistor (7 ') and one between the mjt of the series choke coil (2) via the control transformer connected output terminal (5) and a point (17) with a Potential which is higher than and has the same sign as the potential of this output terminal, arranged series branch contains the main circuit of a second series transistor (8), that the base electrodes of the two transistors (7 ', 8) conduct direct current with their emitter electrodes are connected so that the transistors are blocked at normal voltage conditions at the output, and that between the Line reactor (2) and these base electrodes of the control transformer is arranged. that the Cross transistor (7 ') with a decrease and the

Series transistor (8) temporarily conductive when the current through the series choke coil (2) increases is (Fig. 3).

2. DC voltage source according to claim 1, characterized in that the base electrode of each transistor (7 ', 8) is connected to the gate with its emitter electrode via a secondary winding (10) of the Steuertransforma- "., The primary winding (3) between the longitudinal choke coil (2) and the corresponding output terminal (5) is connected.

3. DC voltage source according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for further Reduction of the dynamic output impedance of the emitter circuit of each transistor (7,8) one Contains resistor (11, 12) to which the base-emitter circuit of a further amplifier transistor (13, 14) of the same conductivity type is connected whose collector electrode is in each case with the collector electrode of the one controlling it Transistor (7, 8) is connected (F i g. 1).

4. DC voltage source according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transverse transistor (7 or T) and the series transistor (8) are of opposite conductivity types.

5. DC voltage source according to claim 4, characterized in that; that the emitter electrode of the transverse transistor (7 ') and the series transistor (8) connected to the series choke coil (2) Output terminal (5) are connected (Fig. 3).

6. DC voltage source according to one of claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the Base electrode of the transverse transistor (7 ') and the series transistor (8) together via the secondary winding (10) of the control transformer are connected to their emitter electrodes (Fig. 3).

1 sheet of drawings