DE1491303A1 - Microwave channel switch - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a microwave channel switch, which consists of mutual (reciprocal) Elements constructed and used to separate channels with different frequencies, in which two Channels given to a connection point can be forwarded to two different connection points and wrong.

In microwave devices, channel switches are used, for example, in those cases in which several work with nearby frequencies on a common antenna. When sending, the maximum energy flow to the

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Antenna secured, whereby no energy may be transmitted from one transmitter to the other. When receiving, the channel switch must separate the frequency with several frequencies from the ■ Antenna incoming energy and forwarding the separated energies into the appropriate Secure receiver, whereby the energy may not be transferred from any receiver to another.

One of a plurality of microwave cavities is generally used to achieve this objective A filter system with a high quality factor or a correspondingly designed microwave hybrid system - in coexial or waveguide execution - used.

The design of such filter and hybrid systems is complicated. To achieve a high quality factor in the cavities the use of special constructions and technological processes is necessary. Consequently are the dimensions compared to the wavelength or in the low frequency range of the microwave band also considerable in their absolute value, which is also associated with high costs is. These dimensions or costs can be reduced to a certain extent if the canal switch is formed in the strip line system. A disadvantage of this training is that the Quality factor of the hollow core formed from strip conductors

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rc.umresonatoren a significantly lower value than the quality factor of the waveguide resonators. With the multi-channel microwave devices

is the. Selectivity of the sender and the receiver in some cases by the filter systems used secured. In these cases, it is sufficient to have the transmitter or transmitter working on the common antenna. To separate receivers from each other only in terms of energy.

In these cases, according to the invention, elements with high quality factors, which also e.g. Strip ladders, without special design, are manufactured using simple technology can be applied.

The microwave channel switch according to the invention consists of an eight-pole, which consists of a microwave line is trained.

The microwave channel switch according to the invention is characterized in that it consists of a consists of a microwave line formed ring with four parallel branches, in which Ring the second tap a quarter feed line wavelength away from the first branch is arranged and between the second and third branch a filter, wel- * rather for one of the two channels as a pass-through filter and acts as a blocking filter for the other, is provided and in the plane of the two branching

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gen, the impedance associated with the tracking frequency is infinitely high and at the pass frequency is a value equal to the wave resistance of the line forming the ring and at this frequency the phase rotation is an integral multiple of 180 °, furthermore that the distance between the third and the fourth Branch of a three-quarter feed line wavelength corresponds to between the fourth and the first branch an identical filter as that provided between the second and the third branch and through the two channels any two non-adjacent branches are acted upon, whereby the two channels are acted upon The branch containing the filter is connected to the third branch, which is arranged in relation to the connection point of the channel with the frequency corresponding to the filter cut-off frequency, ε _{Ώ on} the opposite side than the filter itself, and the fourth branch by a distortion whose input impedance is the same ch is the wave resistance of the line forming the ring, is completed.

It is beneficial to choose the filters applied Feed lines, the length of which is the whole number Multiples of half the feeder line length and at a distance of an odd multiple of the Viörtel feeder line length a dipole that of the middle Frequena

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«AD ORIGINAL

of the pass band of the filter an anti-resonance and at the middle frequency of the stop band of the filter has a resonance, turn on in shunt. This is useful for you in the filter provided two-pole, which is connected in shunt, from two, supercritically coupled to each other Form cavity resonators.

The channel switch according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Pig. 1 represents the basic solution of the

inventive channel switch and

Fig. 2 shows an example of a practical implementation of the same

As can be seen from Fig. 1, four branches are arranged on the ring 1 «The distance between branch 2 and branch 3 is a quarter feed line wavelength. Between A filter 6 is inserted into branches 3 and 4, in which one of the two frequencies to be separated falls in the blocked range and the other falls in the pass range. The input impedance of the filter one is infinite in the plane of the branches at the entrance and exit of the same high value and is equal to the characteristic impedance of the den at the pass frequency of the filter > Ring forming conductor. The phase shift of the filter is an integer a in the pass band Multiples of 180 °. The distance between the two

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gungen 4 and 5 is a three-quarter dining room ~ * line wavelength «between branches 5 and 2 is the same filter 6 as the one between the branches 3> 4 provided. The junction 3 is terminated by a distortion 7.

The properties of an octopole designed in this way are as follows.

Polls the frequency of the energy input through branch 2 ' coincides with the pass frequency of the built-in filter 6, the complete energy fed in is passed to the branch. If an energy with the cut-off frequency of the filter 6 is input through the branch 2, then the complete energy is passed to the branch 3. If energy is now input through junction 4 with the pass frequency of filter 6, this reaches junction 3 and if the frequency of the fed-in energy matches the cut-off frequency of the filter, the complete energy is passed into junction 5. (In these discussions, only that energy is taken into account, which after the losses of the eight-pole - which incidentally are practically small, is conducted to the relevant branches.) The energy fed in through branch Z 'cannot reach branch 4 at any frequency. The same connection exists between branches 3 and 5 «

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When applying Konalwehe, the Channels to be separated ^ are each connected to two non-adjacent branches. The two Konolsignöle They are shared in the junction * which goes from the connection point to the restricted area as seen from the filling channel, at the opposite Side than the filter is placed. The fourth branch 3 is through a distortion 7t whose input impedance corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the conductor forming the ring.

The filter described above, which meets the electrical requirements and has a simple design is, can by two supercritically coupled feed line sections of about half a Feed line wavelength, which on both of them Ends are short-circuited. These are connected to the feed line that forms the ring connected. These feed line sections form cavity resonators.

An example of a practical embodiment of the channel switch according to the invention and already discussed iöt shown in FIG. This channel switch is available as a symmetrical, air-insulated Strip conductor system shown. One of the base plates has been removed, with the other base plate of the tape looper denoted by the reference number 17 is.

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The arrangement of the branches of the ring and the construction of the filter correspond to the Being the basics described above, the detailed construction of the filter is as follows.

Feed line sections 8, the length of which is an integral multiple of half the feed line wavelength, are inserted between the branches 10 and 11, or 9 and 12. Short circuits 14 are provided at intervals of odd, integer multiples of the quarter wavelength from the branches. The cavities 15 3ind are arranged parallel to the feed line and symmetrically to the short circuits 14. The cavities 16, which are of the same construction as the cavities 15, are arranged parallel thereto and shifted by about a quarter wavelength. The distance between the cavities 15 and 16 determines the degree of their coupling, this hatred being dependent on the operating frequency of the transmitter or receiver to be separated. The coupling dimension of the coupled cavities to the feed line is determined by the distance between the cavities 15 and the feed line forming the ring. The extent of this coupling depends on the transmission area of the transmitter or receiver, as well as on the extent of the necessary separation. For precise adjustment of the resonance frequencies of the cavities, the tuning elements 18, which are made of an insulating material with low loss, are used.

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Claims (1)

(j U91303 .PATENT CLAIMS (1 »microwave channel switch, which is made up of reciprocal (reciprocal) elements are exploited, for the separation of channels with different frequencies, in which two, given at one connection point Channels cn two different connection points are forwarded and reversed, characterized in that the channel switch consists of one formed from a microwave line ring, with there are four parallel branches at wslohem Ring the second tap a quarter feed wavelength from the first Branch is arranged and between the second and the third branch a filter, which for one of the two channels acts as a pass-through filter and acts as a blocking filter for the other and in the plane of the two branches the impedance associated with the Spcrrfrequency is infinitely high and at the transmission frequency a value equal to the characteristic impedance of the line forming the ring is and at this frequency the phase rotation is an integral multiple of 180 °, further that the distance between the third and the fourth tap of a three-quarter feed line wavelength corresponds and between the fourth and the first branch a, same filter as that is provided between the second and the third branch and through the two channels each 9098U / 0656 ,. U913Q3 because any two non-adjacent branches are acted upon, the 2wei ^ containing the two channels in common to that third branch is switched on, which is the connection point in relation to Qn of the channel with the pre-frequency corresponding to the filter cut-off frequency on the opposite side, as the filter itself, and the fourth ' Branch through a distortion whose input impedance is equal to the characteristic impedance of the line forming the ring is terminated. 2, microwave kanol switch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the same is formed from symmetrical strip conductors, 3. microwave channel switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inserted filters consist of feed lines whose Length dimension the integer multiple of half, ■ Feed line wavelength is formed and i-n distance from an odd draw pit of the quarter feed line wavelength a two-pole antiresonance at the middle frequency of the pass band of the filter and an anti-resonance at the middle frequency of the filter Sporr area of the filter has a Reaonana, connected in shunt, 4. A microwave channel switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the two-pole connection provided in the filter and connected in shunt is formed by two cavity resonators which are supercritically coupled to one another. - OK - 9098U / 0656