DE1484577C - Device for driving or pulling piles, sheet piles or the like - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for driving or pulling piles and sheet piles od. The like. With a crosshead serving as an abutment and a push or pull device, which is supported on the crosshead and can be connected to a pile head.

The French patent specification 892 115 is a device of this type for vibrating and Noiseless driving of piles or jacking pipes is known in which a pulling device is used for driving with several cables arranged on a drive-in frame and the lower ends the cables are led to a crosshead attached to the pile head via lower pulleys, which are supported from below against a base plate on which the driving frame with the entire Pulling device is arranged. In this known driving device is used to drive a Pile the entire weight of the device with driving frame, drive winches and any counterweights made usable as an abutment force for the tensile force to be applied. For this, however, the device must have a very large weight, which can be increased by counterweights if necessary got to.

Devices of a similar type are also disclosed in British Patent Nos. 246,350, 471623 and 657 718 known. All of these known devices, some of which are also known as hydraulic presses Push or pull devices work, but require the formation of the abutment or the arrangement the crosshead is also a work frame of great weight that is used as a counterforce can be, or a corresponding anchoring in the subsoil surrounding the pile. this applies also for the work scaffolding known from the USA patent specification 968 975, which is used to carry out Underwater work, such as drilling, pile foundations, etc., consists of two that can be raised and lowered relative to one another Scaffolding parts consists and in which these scaffolding parts are each with retractable and extendable supports are provided, which in the extended state serve to support and anchor the entire work scaffolding on the river bed and to for this purpose by the weight of the scaffolding with the drilling equipment or other on it Work tools are kept in engagement with the river bed.

As the aforementioned British patent specification 471 623 shows, it is also used in the manufacture of in-situ concrete piles known to form special lateral anchors next to the pile to be produced, which are connected to a crosshead placed on the upper end of the propulsion pipe and with this as an abutment when driving the jacking pipe and when compressing and checking the in the In-situ concrete is used for the driving pipe.

In contrast, the object of the invention is to design a device intended for the vibration and noiseless driving or pulling of piles, sheet pile walls or the like and provided with a crosshead serving as an abutment and a pushing or pulling device in such a way that large working scaffolds of heavy weight or special anchoring in the subsoil or external abutments formed by these can be avoided.

To solve this problem, the invention consists in that on the crosshead several holding members for connecting the crosshead with several adjacent piles, sheet piles or the like that are to be driven in or pulled is.

When using a device constructed in this way according to the invention, at least two of the retaining members at the same time with the

ίο pile heads of two to be driven or to connected pulling piles and these piles driven alternately by a portion of their length or be pulled, each of the other stake after it is a sufficient measure has been driven into the subsoil or if it still penetrates deep enough into the subsoil, serves as anchoring for the formation of the necessary abutment forces. When driving stakes, Sheet piles or the like in this way are thus

ao exerted compressive or tensile forces leading to gradual driving or pulling movements and the Reaction forces of these compressive or tensile forces from abutment forces under the action of gravity and / or anchoring effect in the ground

as recorded without the need for external abutments in the form of particularly heavy work scaffolding or special anchors. The compressive and tensile forces are applied during the entire driving or pulling process at the upper ends of the piles of a pile group comprising at least two piles in alternating sequence, each with a driving or pulling length corresponding to the length of a work step on one pile or the other pile with a large Effectiveness exercised, since their reaction forces are absorbed via the respective other pole.

Preferably, the pushing or pulling device or devices, as is known per se, are each formed by a pressure medium-operated cylinder and piston device, the piston rod of which can be coupled directly or indirectly to the upper end of a pole in an axial position therewith. The cylinder and piston device or the CAS -before- RAS ¹ can thereby devices be disposed between the crosshead and the upper ends of the piles. But they can also be arranged above the crosshead. Particularly in the latter case, only one or two cylinder and piston devices can be arranged in connection with a crosshead for a pile group of more than two piles in such a way that they can be displaced in the direction of the horizontal longitudinal center axis of the crosshead and in their axial working position over the upper ends of various piles are adjustable.

Instead of arranging the cylinder and piston device or devices displaceably on the crosshead, they can also be arranged fixedly on the crosshead and the crosshead can be displaced step by step on the pile group. In this case, the necessary connection between the crosshead and the pile or pile of the pile group that are not being driven in can be made in the following way: A bearing attachment is attached to the head of each pile, which serves to counteract the reaction force of those that are not being driven To transfer one or two groups of flanges, which are arranged at a vertical distance one above the other and which are separated from the crosshead.

3 4

stand. At the point where there are modified embodiments of the conception for some clarification of the crosshead to the piles the cylinder.

der- and piston device is located, the upper case of the device according to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the two drawings above of the crosshead, eight double flanges are cut away on a crosshead 10 in order to enable the 5-acting hydraulic cylinder and Kolbcnvorrichder pile with its protruding extension to be firmly attached to the lines 11, which in one of the Distance upper flange can be driven past and the type of drive to be driven or to be pulled. The pile is then driven in until piles 12 are arranged approximately in one position at a corresponding distance from one another on its protruding bearing approach. The piston rod 13 of each of the cylinders, in which it abuts the lower flange of the piston and piston devices 11, is designed so that its head abuts. In this way, the pulling device is connected to a single pile and the resistance of the now driven pile can later be removed. For this purpose, each piston rod is used to form the reaction force at its free end with a fork-like support, which is provided with a connecting piece 14 for driving in another pile, which is required by means of a pin. When the pile is driven in, 15 15 can be coupled with lugs 16, which are attached to the pile by means of bolts, which can be moved to the crosshead on the pile group. The connecting and driving process in another pile fertilize between the cylinder and piston device or in all other piles · repeated, lines 11 and the piles are designed so that all piles are driven to the required depth tensile forces are also transmitted. ao can so that piles are driven in or out of the

This mode of operation can also be pulled out to pull the floor. Piles are used, but the arrangement on the crosshead 10 is two girders 17 is such that the projecting bearings are secured, on each of which there are two downwardly directed Fühansätze the piles from below are attached to the flanges approximate legs 18, which are on both sides of the crosshead. The lower as of the row of stakes will be located. The guide legs 18 Flange cut to bear the upward movement of the cross bar 19 attached to the guide legs 18 by means of cantilever arms 20 and dowel pins 21 to enable the pile to be drawn with its bearing attachment. In this case the cylinder and solidified are created. The crossbars 19 are attached so Piston device has an upward pressure - that they move inward or outward relative to one another force on the crosshead. If necessary, the horizontal plane can be reached by means of adjusting screws 22 compliant or resilient members can be moved between, the arrangement such each bearing lug and the flanges of the crossbar is that the crossbars for contact with the side head be arranged, which can be brought about a deformation or surfaces of the piles. At the a harmful cooperation between the setting of the crossbars remain the longitudinal axes of the avoid both parts. 35 cylinder and piston devices in the same or

The device according to the invention can except in substantially the same vertical plane as for driving in or pulling out sheet piles - those of the piles, so that the balance of the piles or piles made of steel, also for driving in the direction opposite the piles or pulling piles or sheet piles out of loading. The connection of the crossbar 19 with the Clay or reinforced concrete are used, the behavior of the piles is such that the piles are actuated The cylinder and piston devices are to be arranged close to one another in groups. but not necessarily be able to perform mutually engaging operations.

or have to be in contact with each other. Also on the crosshead 10 is an electric motor ■, the device according to the invention can be arranged for input 23, which drives pumps 24 which drive in the same or pulling out stakes, various oil containers attached to the crosshead NEN cross-section are used and 25 are arranged in such a way that during operation of the serve to produce large friction or support piles, motor 23 oil from the oil reservoirs 25 via a len, for the formation of which several pile sections according to the control system of the cylinder and piston devices are driven coaxially with each other. Closing 11 is fed.

The device can also be lent to drive 50. The entire device can be in one over one

Structural members are used in the subsoil, the position of the pile group is raised,

the z. B. to produce a retaining wall in the ground z. B. by means of a crane. The like., The lifting chains

serve. 26, which are attached to eyelets 27 of the crosshead 10,

The invention is based on the attacks in the.

Exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing are shown in FIG. 5 is a preferred embodiment of the

wrote. It shows hydraulic control system shown. After that

Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the four pumps 24 are provided, which are in pairs in

Direction in side view, the oil tanks 25 are arranged and through the

F i g. 2 shows the top view of the device according to motor 23 being driven. Each pair of pumps

Fig. 1, 60 provides four cylinder and piston devices 11. Each

Fig. 3 is a section along the line 3-3 in which a cylinder and piston device 11 is a

Fig. 1, control valve 28 assigned, each by a

F i g. 4 a section along the line 4-4 in the electromagnet 29 is actuated and the control

Fig. 1, tion of the piston movements is used. Also are

F i g. 5 a schematic representation of a hy- 65 arranged for the pumps 24 Ewei amplifiers 30,

Draülischen control system for the device according to which are usually open when the device

the F i g. 1 to 4 and is not in use. Control two metering valves 31

F i g. 6 to 9 schematic representations for the speed of movement of the cylinder and column

5 6

bcnvorrichtungen 11, while two combined piston devices 11 are hydraulically locked, Check valves and pressure switches 32 for regulating so that the dead weight and / or the tensile resistance of the maximum operating pressure are used. Furthermore, the piles connected to these other cylinders and pistons to prevent undesired pressure devices stood together with structure in the cylinder and piston devices 5 the weight of the device an abutment-11 check valves 33 are arranged. Represents a group or reaction force and who is to be driven of check valves 35, 36 and 37 and a white pile or the piles to be driven through the with The lower group of check valves 38 with cylinder and piston devices connected to them serve to regulate the extent to which the downward movement is pressed down into the ground. movement of the crosshead when all control valves 10 Fig. 1 represents the initial state when driving 28 take their return position, d. i.e., when oil is exposed by pressure, the two middle piles from the cylinder and piston devices 11 into the pile group down by a certain amount Oil tank 25 is returned. Furthermore, a are pressed into the ground, while the cylinder throttle switch 39 for generating a control of the and piston devices of the other piles pressure and a low pressure reducing valve 40 to 15 are hydraulically locked. If accordingly Regulation of the control pressure provided. To the in- F i g. 1 two posts pressed in at the same time Operation of the device is to be a low pressure, so these are preferably so arranged stop valve 41, which selects usually open that they are on both sides of the transverse center line of the and the oil container 25 separates when it is closed. Group and equidistant from this line

The control system shown in Fig. S is indicated with- *> to have. When the first stake or stakes

by means of a manually operated electrical control unit, pressed into the ground by a certain amount

operated device that od on a control panel

at ground level or in any other one or more other piles of the

whose position is appropriate. Group are repeated until all piles in the group

The control system according to FIG. 5 is designed in this way. 5 is driven in by approximately the same specific amount

det that hydraulic fluid has been either to the tension side or. These successive operations

to the pressure side each of the in any combination form an operation in which the crosshead in

simultaneously to be operated cylinder and piston is held in its position and after its loading

devices is directed. The training is also ending the crosshead by operating all cy-

such that any combination of cylinder, reliever and piston devices is lowered,

and piston devices at certain regulated whereupon another such operation is initiated

th pressures can be balanced hydraulically. Such operations can be repeated

d. H. extending or contracting and then until the piles are pushed in to the required depth.

are driven by the transmission of certain reaction forces.

can be prevented on the associated piles, 35 When driving in by tensile forces, those

if the other cylinder and piston devices are cylinder and piston devices similar to the

gen are in operation. The engine, the pumps, the oil piles or the piles to be driven in the group

instead of being assigned to the container and the control system, it can be locked and the crosshead 10

Crosshead 10 (Fig. 1 to 4) also on the ground by corresponding actuation of the other

or arranged on any frame and downwards with 40 cylinder and piston devices

the cylinder and piston devices by means of bend- ing. After that, the crosshead is actuated

Samer hoses or the like. Be connected. In one of all the cylinder and piston devices,

Such an arrangement can be the different lifted and the same operation for the next

Control valves, apart from the check and pile or the next piles, being carried out Shut-off valves, operated by hand. The 45 pushes out the piles by pressure, as when driving Control system can also be chosen at the same time whether or not it. These processes are repeated Cross-head or at a different location until all piles are approximately the same amount in the

be designed so that the cylinder and KoI bottoms have been drawn in and a work piece

benvorrichtungen automatic or semi-automatic passage is thereby completed. After the termination

in a certain sequence depending on the 5th degree of such an operation, d. H. after the entry

Closing one or more switches or a ben of the last post or posts of the Main valve or the like. Be operated. Group on the depth of the other piles that needs To operate the device, first of all the crosshead need not necessarily be raised. The piles or sheet piles in the required manner. These operations are repeated as long as

set up and in a guide frame or the like. In 55 to all piles driven to the required depth

held their position. The device, or in this case, is then drawn into the ground

e.g. by means of a crane on the upper end of the.

Pile group placed, with the crossbar 19 a The device can also be used to pull piles

and the lower ends of the piston rods are actuated in two ways:

jcwcils can be connected to one pile each, as neither tensile forces nor compressive forces are applied

is shown in FIG. Driving the piles will be.

can now be done in two ways, i. H. by pulling When pulling with pulling forces, the work sequence is

application of compressive forces or by applying the same as in connection with the

of tensile forces. drive described by compressive forces, only with the

When driving in by compressive forces, there will be a difference that the pressure fluid on the pulling side

or several piles of the pile group are fed around one of the cylinder and piston devices

correct measure driven in by all the others and not the pressure side of the same.

Piling of the group assigned cylinder and home pulling with compressive forces i <; t the work sequence

the same as described for driving in by tensile forces, only with the difference that the Crosshead together with the stake to be pulled out or the brags to be pulled out by the respectively actuated cylinder and piston devices is raised. This is done by that the pressure side of all cylinder and piston devices except those associated with the extracted piles are connected, is pressurized, while connected to the extracted pile or piles Cylinder and piston devices are locked. After each such operation, this will also be the case Crosshair lowered and not raised as when driving in by train.

The device described above can be designed so that it can be used for any number of piles from two to z. B. can be applied to the specified number of eight piles. Furthermore, while particular operations have been discussed, it may be appropriate to operate the cylinder and piston devices in other ways. For example, it may be desirable to actuate any cylinder and piston device or combination of cylinder and piston devices and to shut off any one or more unactuated cylinder and piston devices. In addition, the design can be such that one or more special cylinder and piston devices do not transmit any force. In this case, the piston rod and the piston of this cylinder and piston device or devices must be freely movable up and down in the cylinders so that no vertical reaction forces arise at the connection point between the piston rod and the pile.

According to FIG. 6 and 7, the device can also be designed so that piles or sheet piles can be driven in or pulled, which instead of in a straight row in a circular shape or in another Are arranged in plan. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6 and 7 is the crosshead 43 for Driving in sheet piles 42 arranged in a circular group is circular and carries a plurality of cylinder and piston devices 11, which are also arranged on a circle are, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the circular formed from the sheet piles 42 Group matches. Cylinder and piston devices, as previously described in are arranged at a distance from one another corresponding to the sheet piles, are through their piston rods 13 connected to the sheet piles 42 in the manner described and are in the im Connection with Fig. 1 to 4 explained manner for driving the sheet piles with compressive forces or operated with tensile forces or for pulling with tensile forces or with compressive forces. A circular one Group of sheet piles as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is shown, after driving a Form a cofferdam or a large-diameter friction pile or support pile. Here can the soil within the pile can be removed and replaced with concrete or other building material In the embodiments according to FIG. 1 to 7, the cylinder and piston devices 11 are on the crosshead firmly attached and arranged so that one for each pile or for each sheet pile Cylinder and piston voi direction is available. Instead of but this can also be just one cylinder and piston device or one in relation to the number small numbers of piles or sheet piles, cylinder and piston devices, which are movable in the longitudinal or circumferential direction of the crosshead relative to this. As shown in Fig. 8, only one cylinder and piston device 45 is arranged, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the crosshead 46

ίο this moved forward and backward and thereby each arranged over any pile of the pile group shown and with this can be connected.

In the case of the in FIG. 9 are two such cylinder and piston devices 45 arranged. When operating the embodiments according to FIG. 8 or 9 will be the respective to be collected or piles to be drawn with the piston rods of the cylinder and piston devices 45

■ o tied, while the other piles of the Pile group, which convey the abutment or reaction force, by holding members 50 with the Ouerhaupt 46 are connected. The cylinder and piston devices 45 are here in the manner

as actuated that they either have a pressure force or a Apply tensile force to the pile or piles to be driven in or pulled out. Furthermore corresponds in the embodiment according to FIGS. 8 and 9 the operation of the already explained Mode of operation when driving in by compressive forces or when pulling by tensile forces.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. Device for driving or pulling piles, sheet piles or the like. With an as Abutment serving crosshead and a pushing or pulling device that is attached to the The crosshead is supported and can be connected to a pile head, characterized in that, that on the crosshead (10, 43, 46) several holding members for connecting the crosshead with several adjacent piles to be driven or pulled (12), sheet piles (42) or the like are provided and that at least one, ' Push or pull device is provided for moving one of the holding members. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pushing or pulling device or devices by means of a cylinder and piston device operated by pressure medium (ll, 45) are formed, the piston rod (13, 47) directly or indirectly with the upper end of a post (12) in the axial Location can be coupled with this. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the Cylinder and piston devices Iw. Devices are to be operated with a hydraulic fluid supplied by pumps, characterized in that that the pumps (24) used to deliver the pressure fluid are on the head (10, 43, 46) are arranged. 4 device according to claim 3, characterized in that that on the crosshead (10, 43, 46) a hydraulic control system for the actuation the cylinder and piston device or devices (11. 45) is arranged. 5. Device according to one or more of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that 009 631 the cylinder and piston device or devices (11) between .the crosshead (10) and the upper ends of the piles (12) are arranged. 6. Device according to one or more of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the cylinder and piston device or devices (45) are disposed over the crosshead (46) are. 7. The device according to one or more of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the cylinder and piston device or devices (11) are fastened with their cylinder on the crosshead (10). 8. Device according to one or more of claims 2 to 7, with only one or two cylinder and piston devices in connection with a crosshead for a pile group of more as two piles, characterized in that the cylinder and piston device or -for- directions (45) in the direction of the horizontal longitudinal center axis of the crosshead (46) and adjustable in their axial working position over the upper ends of various piles are. 9. Device according to one or more of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the crosshead (10) is provided with a downwardly extending guide frame, which on the posts (12) and in the contact position the cylinder and piston device or - Holds devices (11) in their axial working position to the piles. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that that the guide frame is formed by two guide legs (18) resting on both sides of the posts (12) is, on the sides facing the piles, adjustable crossbars (19) to rest against the piles are arranged. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings