DE1481632B - Rotary vane with collective and cyclical setting angle control - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to a rotary vane with a collective lever for cyclical change of the blade setting

tive and cyclical setting angle control and attacks with winkeis in the blade root,

an elastomeric, spherical shell-shaped design. This prevents the elastomeric bearing from bending

Bearing for connection to the rotor hub. due to the large setting angle only permitted

Rotary vane, which has a spherical shell-shaped design - 5 when cyclic setting angles on the rotary vane Have elastomeric bearing, for example, changes are exerted, whereas a turning by U.S. Patent 3,106,965. Before the elastomeric bearing known during collective adjustment Rotary wing constructions with elastomeric angle changes is prevented. In this way Bearings do not allow the wing against the hub practically no significant stress of the fold up, albeit with other versions io elastomeric bearing. According to one particular as a folding advantageous embodiment with elastomeric bearing is the rotary vane allow. together with the elastomeric bearing to

A folding of the rotary wing over the menfalten pivotably mounted on the rotor hub.

In many cases, the fuselage of the helicopter is built in. This allows the rotary wings to move without deformation

desires to be folded up around the 15 of the elastomeric bearing required for a helicopter,

borrowed storage and handling space when the storage is an additional FaIt-

len and reduce parking. In addition, the pin for the rotary wing and the associated one

Folding of the rotating leaves from safety green construction avoided.

which is desirable because the helicopter is parked in a preferred embodiment of the invention

there is less risk of damage from the wind; the elastomeric bearing on the rotor hub side is 20

especially gusts. receiving bearing brackets as a ball and the leaf

For example, the German patent is root as a two-part, bearing the elastomeric bearing

1163 681 a device for folding the spherical shell formed.

Rotary vanes are known, but this has no elastomeric bearing. Advantageously, the elastomeric bearing consists of two

more camp. 25 diametrically opposite. Concentric to

As the resilience of an elastomeric bearing is arranged the adjustment angle axis of the Dfehflügel

is limited, normal wing fold angles cannot divide.

be absorbed by the elastomeric bearings. According to a further advantageous embodiment without endangering the service life of the bearings. The end bearing shell on the rotor hub side of the it is possible, in the case of a rotary vane with an elastomeric 30 elastomeric bearing, of two diametrically opposed bearings to provide a separate pivot pin with the overlying, interconnected ball-pertaining construction in order to allow one of the shells and the levers to collectively change the elastomeric bearings to achieve independent folding. The blade pitch angle engages with the spherical shells However, this adds an increase in the weight of the rotor to a plane which is perpendicular to the pitch of the blades itself, whereby the weight-saving feature 35 is angular axis and through the center of the of the elastomeric bearing at least partially disappears ball.

loren goes. Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that with the ball a

secreted folding pin undesirable aerodynamic upward and one downward essentially

Problems. bearing journals extending parallel to the rotor axis

The amount of deflection associated with elastomeric bearing 40 in a fork of the rotor hub normally allow, without being damaged, is pivotally mounted for folding the rotary wing. is limited, so that in the case of elastomeric bearings, another preferred embodiment of the known rotary vane the size of the setting angle invention is characterized by the fact that the rotor change of the rotary vane is limited. That is, the bearing receiving the elastomeric bearing on the hub side a rotary vane with an elastomeric bearing 45 carrier as a spherical shell and the leaf root side a large rotary movement its setting angle bearing carrier as concentric to the spherical shell inner axis as a result of the combined collective and the half of these arranged spherical sector with the rotational cyclic Is subject to control, falls the wing tip facing spherical surface is formed, elastomeric bearings under fatigue loads, the spherical sector having a cardan joint or is damaged, thereby reducing the service life of the rotor hub and its spherical surface with the is reduced. Because of this, the dimension of the root of the rotary vane is linked to which one is Adjustment angle change of the wing in previously known, through recesses in the spherical shell and in the Rotary vanes provided with elastomeric bearings are adjacent between the spherical sector and the spherical shell. Of course, this also extends the flight-ordered elastomeric bearings. Advantageous characteristics of the helicopter are limited. 55 here is the universal joint with the shaft to

The object of the invention is to develop a rotary vane in such a way that the blade pitch angle changes cyclically, that by separating the cyclical ties.

and collective control only a low load. A particularly simple foldability results,

the elastomeric bearing with simultaneous failure if the spherical shell after actuation of a release

availability of the rotary vane results. 60 locking around a parallel to the rotor axis

This task is done with a rotary wing of the fende axis, which passes through the center of the gimbal entrance named type according to the invention is thereby articulated, pivotally mounted on the rotor hub solved that the elastomeric bearing with its rotor is.

Hub-side end bearing shell around one with the leaf The rotary vane can according to a development

adjustment angle axis coinciding axis on the 65 of the invention be designed so that a locking

The rotor hub is rotatably mounted and the lever is slidable to the gelation link in the longitudinal direction of the blade

collective change of the blade pitch angle at which the recesses of the spherical shell and the

The end bearing disc on the rotor hub side engages, while the elastomeric bearing penetrates part of the blade

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is arranged root, with a spring in the locking member when the rotary wing is not rotating one on the rotor hub side opposite the one on the blade root side Bearing carrier locking position moved. Here, the recesses in the Ball shell and in the elastomeric bearing conical or truncated pyramidal to accommodate the corresponding trained locking member be designed.

Several preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown as examples in the drawings shown. It shows

Fig. 1 is a plan view of part of a rotor according to "one embodiment of the connection of the rotary blades with the rotor,

F i g. 2 shows a section, partly in plan view, of one Part of the rotary wing mounting according to FIG. 1,

F i g. 3 shows a section, partly in side view, of the FIG. 2 construction shown,

F i g. 4 is a schematic side view of part of the setting angle control for the rotary wing;

F i g. 5 shows a section, partly in plan view, of another embodiment of the rotary wing connection; with the rotary vane shown in the unfolded position,

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, in which however, the rotary vane is shown in its collapsed position, and

F i g. 7. a section, partly in side view, of the in Fig. 5 construction shown.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 1 to 4 can be seen, a hub 10 consists of two interconnected Parts 11 and 12. The hub 10 is rotatably connected to a drive shaft 14 (see Fig. 4). The shaft 4 is driven in the usual way by a motor (not shown).

A plurality of blades 15 are connected to the hub 10 for rotation therewith. Each wing is 15 connected to the hub 10 by a pin 16, the ends of which are reduced in diameter in openings the parts 11 and 12 of the hub 10 is mounted. A releasably attached wedge 17 locks the pin 16 with the hub 10 in order to prevent a pivoting movement of the pin 16 with respect to the hub 10.

The pin 16 has an arcuate, preferably spherical, portion 18 between the two Parts 11 and 12 of the hub 10. The wing 15 has at the root an arcuate, preferably spherical section 19 and an arcuate, preferably spherical section 20, which surround the arcuate, preferably spherical section 18 of the pin 16. The to the arcuate portion 20 opposite the root portion 19 is associated with the portion 19 connected by lag screws 21.

An elastomeric bearing 22 is between a portion of the outer surface of the arcuate Portion 18 of the pin 16 and a portion of the inner surface of the arcuate portion 20 of the Joint 15 arranged. An elastomeric bearing 23 is between a portion of the inner surface of the on Arch-shaped portion 19 of the wing 15 and a portion of the outer surface of the root arcuate portion 18 of the pin 16 is arranged.

Each of the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 consists of a plurality of resilient elements 24 made of rubber od. The like. With plates 25 made of metal or other rigid material arranged therebetween and are firmly connected to it. Each of the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 has a metal plate 25 a, which has a greater thickness than the plates 25, the plate 25 a on the arcuate portion 18 of the pin 16 is arranged adjacent. Each of the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 has the same arc shape as that Outer surface of section 18 of pin 16 and the inner surface of sections 19 and 20 of wing 15. The arcuate portion 18 of the pin 16, the

ίο parts 24, the plates 25 and 25a of each elastomer Bearings 22 and 23 and the inner surfaces of sections 19 and 20 of wing 15 are the same Center of curvature.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 do not engage and contact one another neither, but are constantly kept at a distance from each other. With this arrangement all centrifugal forces caused by the wing 15 are passed through the elastomeric bearing 22 recorded.

The elastomeric bearing 23 cooperates with the elastomeric bearing 22 to ensure that the wing 15 is held in position while in its retirement. It means that due to the interaction of the elastomeric bearings 22 "and 23 in connection with a cross-over stop 11 α on part 11 of the hub KHind the arcuate Section 20 of the wing 15 any sag of the joint 15 due to its weight, if he stands still, is prevented.

The elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 allow the wing 15 in both flapping and in Can move swivel direction. The movements in the flapping direction are triggered by the stop of the wing 15 limited to a stop 12 a of part 12 of the hub 10 and the slack stop 11 α. The movements in the pivoting direction are dampened by a damper 26 on the arcuate section 20 of the wing 15 by suitable means, such as a spherical joint, at the rod end is attached. The other end of the damper 26 is attached to a part of the rotor.

The setting angle of the wing 15 is controlled by a setting angle member 27, which has one end is articulated with a setting angle lever 28 on the wing 15. The other end of the pitch bracket 27 is connected to a swash plate 29 (see FIG. 4), which in a known manner having rotating and non-rotating sections. The swash plate 29 rotates with the drive shaft 14, however, it can be tilted and moved longitudinally with respect to the same. The position of the swash plate 29 becomes determined by control rods 30 which are connected to the pilot's control stick in a known manner are.

When it is desired to change the pitch angle of the vanes 15 collectively, the swash plate becomes 29 moved relative to the drive shaft 14 by the control rods 30 in the longitudinal direction. If it is desired to change the setting angle of the blades 15 cyclically, the swash plate 29 is through the control rods 30 are tilted to obtain the desired cyclic setting angle.

When the angle of incidence of the blades 15 both collectively is changed as well as cyclically, the shear stress on the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 are sufficient to damage the bearings as a result of the large angular deflections. Accordingly is a

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Device provided to the whole bearing to rod 32 must be released from the wing 15 to rotate rather than shear it to allow it to collapse. this will if a collective change in the angle of incidence is carried out preferably before the wedge 17 is off is taken. its locked position is removed. It should

Each bearing 22 and 23 on the arcuate 5 is also understandable that the wing 15 is locked against section 18 of the pin 16 by any suitable movement about its setting angle axis during and means, such as by means of a after folding due to the springing of the pin 31 (see Fig. 2) on the plate 25 a, which is locked in elastomeric bearings 22 and 23.
a bore of the arcuate portion 18 could be the elastomeric bearing 23 if desired

Pin 16 engages so that one rotation of the entire laio can be omitted. With this arrangement the gers opposite the pin 16 about the axis of the zigzag-shaped section 19 of the wing 15 at the arcuate joint 31 to allow the coaxially to contact angle-shaped section 18 of the pin 16, if axis of the wing 15 is. With dry lubrication, the blades 15 will not rotate. However, as soon as the surface is between the surface of the arcuate wing 15 begins to rotate, the centrifugal section would 18 of the pin 16 and the plate 25 a of a 15 force the arcuate section 19 from each bogen Bearing 22 and 23 provided to the friction-shaped portion 18 of the pin 16 as a result of Zuw During the rotation of the entire bearing against the compression of the elastomeric bearing 22 continued Reduce pin 16. move.

The plates 25 α of the bearings 22 and 23 are with the suspension of the elastomeric bearing 22 would

one end of an interposed connector 20 is sufficient to accommodate large changes in the setting angle of the connecting link 32. The other end of the connecting wing 15 is connected to a lever arm 33 during and after the folding together to form the connecting link 32. At rest, the elastomeric would be that which is formed in one piece with a bushing 34. The bushing 34 moves in the longitudinal direction against the forces of the dry lubrication surface on the shaft 14 when the swash plate 29 is taken in 25, which is moved between the inner longitudinal direction opposite the shaft 14. Section 19 of the wing 15 and the arc-shaped If accordingly the swash plate 29 is to the section 18 of the pin 16, which also contributes to the increase or decrease of the collective one-slack stop 11a.
Adjustment angle of the wing 15 moved in the longitudinal direction In the F i g. 5 to 7 is a further embodiment, the plates 25 a are shown shaped around the pins 31, in which one of a drive shaft 14 rotates. Thus, the entire elastomeric bearing driven hub 40 rotates in the same way as the hub about the axis of the pin 31 when the hill 15 is provided. Several vanes, one of which will be rotated to have their collective pitch angle shown at 41, are with the hub for rotation change. When a cyclical change in setting angle is associated with the same.

of the hill 15 by tilting the swash plate 29 35 The inner end of the hill 41 is made by a carving is, the dangelenk is stressed with a setting angle shaft 43 verbunelastomere Bearings 22 and 23 on shear, since the den. The setting angle shaft 43 is rotatable within Plates 25 a are not laid by the connecting member 32 on a support 44 of the hub 40 by means of bearings 45 because the socket 34 during the device. When the shaft 43 around its coaxial with the single-cyclic Adjustment angle changes not moved 40 adjustment angle axis of the hill 41 aligned axis will. is turned, the setting angle of the changes

With this arrangement of the bearings to the setting angle hill 41.

the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 are used to change the angle.

only subjected to shear when cyclic angle lever 46 is connected, which in turn is connected to a Adjustment angle changes of the hill 15 made 45 the adjustment angle connecting members 27 in the same men will be. In collective setting angle changes like the setting angle lever 28 in the There is no shear stress on the elasto- F i g. 1 to 4 embodiment shown connected meren bearings 22 and 23, since it is coaxial to a movement of the wing 41 around its Einmit the setting angle axis of the wing 15 arranged ■ to effect the setting angle axis.

Neten pin 31 turn when the hill 15 is around 50. A bearing housing 47 is pivotable with the obe-adjustment angle axis can be moved. ren and lower sleeves 48 of the hub 40 by means of

The elastomeric bearing 22 takes all connected by bolts 49 and nuts 50. The camp hill 15 housing 47 produced during rotation of the same is attached to the hub 40 by means of a bolt 51 Centrifugal forces. locked, which is pivotally attached to the hub 40

The elastomeric bearings 22 and 23 act there. The bolt 51 engages in a going on the outer Hache that they movements of the hill 15 of the bearing housing 47 provided groove 52.
during the rotation of the same in pivot and The bearing housing 47 has an opening 53 through

Allow direction of impact. which extends the root of the hill 41. A before if it is desirable to pull the hills 15 together in the same way as the bearings 22 and 23 fold, the wedge 17 must be removed. This 60 formed elastomeric bearing 54 is within the The wing 15 can be arranged opposite the hub 10 around the bearing housing 47 and through the same axis of the pin 16 can be pivoted. If the supported. The bearing 54 has a conical through-hill 15 reaches its folded position, aisle 55, which is connected to the opening 53, it is by suitable means, for example so that the root of the wing 41 passes through the same by inserting the key 17 into a keyway 35, in 65 may extend. The inner surface of the elastomer held in the locked position. Bearing 54 lies on the outer surface of an arc-conveying

It should be understood that the damper 26, moderate section 56 at the root of the Flüdas Setting angle connecting member 27 and the control gels 41 is provided.

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The elastomeric bearing 54 takes up the effects caused by the wing 41 during rotation of the hub 40 Centrifugal forces. The conical passage 55 in the bearing 54 allows the wing 41 to move both in the pivoting and in the impact direction. The amount of movement is determined by the angle of the conical passage 55 with respect to the setting angle axis of the wing 41 is limited.

The arcuate portion 56 of the wing 41 has a lever arm 57 extending from the same extends and articulated to one end of a pivot damper 58 by any suitable means such as a ball joint in the rod end is connected. The other end of the swivel damper 58 is with the setting angle lever arm 46 connected via a hydraulic actuator 59, which is fixed is attached to the setting angle lever arm 46 and is articulated to the damper 58. To this The swivel damper 58 moves when the setting angle of the vane 41 is changed.

The elastomeric bearing 54 has a plate 54 a, which is thicker than the other metal plates and is held in the same way as the plate 25 a, whereby it rests against the inner surface of the bearing housing 47. A dry lubrication surface is provided between the plate 54 a and the inner surface of the bearing housing 47.

The elastomeric bearing 54 is wedged at least with the plate 54 α on the housing 47, so that it is held in a desired position relative to the housing 47 when the elastomeric bearing 54 is rotated with a collective change in the angle of the blade, in the same way, as is the case for the embodiment according to FIGS. i through 4 has been described. The plate 54 a is connected to the rod 32 in the same way as the plate 25 a of the elastomeric bearings 22 and 23. In this way, the blades can be moved over a large setting angle range when there is a collective and a cyclic setting angle change.

A locking cone 60 is slidably disposed on the root portion of the wing 41. If the Cone 60 occupies a position within passage 55 of elastomeric bearing 54, there is movement of the wing 41 in the flapping and pivoting direction and thus also prevents a change in the setting angle of the wing 41. The locking cone 60 can counter the force of a spring 60 a automatically be moved outward, for example when the wing 41 is set in circulation. on the other hand the spring 60 α has enough force to the locking cone 60 in a position within the To move passage 55 when the rotation of the wing 41 stops, so as to counteract the wing 41 To lock flapping and swiveling movements as well as against changes in the setting angle.

Before the movement of the locking cone 60 into the passage 55, the wing 41 is activated by movement of the setting angle lever arm 46 is rotated about its setting angle axis until the axis 61 of the universal joint 42 is aligned with the pivot axis of the bearing housing 47 (see FIG. 7).

The setting angle lever arm 46 and the setting angle shaft 43 are of course locked against movement, after the axis 61 of the universal joint 42 is aligned with the pivot axis of the bearing housing 47 is. This locking movement can be made, for example, from the pilot's control stick

be taken. Before folding, the rod 32 is released from the elastomeric bearing 54;

If desired, the cone 61 can also have a pyramid shape, the passage 55 correspondingly must be shaped. As a result, the wing 41 would automatically be rotated so that the axis 61 of the universal joint 42 is aligned with the pivot axis of the bearing housing 47 when the wing 41 is not more going around. If a pyramidal body is used in place of the cone 61, the pitch angle is shaft 43 and the setting angle lever arm 46 no longer able to adjust the setting angle of the wing 41 to change, so that from the control stick of the pilot operated locking means not more are required.

When the axis 61 of the universal joint 42 is aligned with the pivot axis of the bearing housing 47 and the locking cone 60 occupies a position within the passage 55 in the elastomeric bearing 54, the wing 41 can be folded up. At this point, the bolt 51 is used for removal, pivoted out of the groove 52 in the bearing housing, thereby disengaging the Xager housing 47 from the hub 40 will. Now the wing 41 can about the axis of the bearing housing 47 and the axis-61 of the universal joint 42 can be pivoted. . ■

"The hydraulic actuator 59 that is firmly connected to the setting angle lever arm 46 and articulated to the swivel damper 58, is called Driving the wing 41 from its unfolded position to its folded position and vice versa. The wing 41 is in its folded position by the Actuator 59 applied force held. If desired, suitable hydraulic Lines connected to the damper 58 to move the wing 41 and the actuator 59 superfluous.

When it is desired to move the wing 41 back to its unfolded position, will the actuating device 59 is used for this. When the wing 41 is unfolded in its Position returns, the bolt 51 engages again in the groove 52 of the bearing housing 47 to the bearing housing 47 to lock the hub 40. When the wing 41 is set into orbit, it moves Locking cone 60 due to centrifugal force from passage 55 in bearing 54 and vanes 41 is operational again. Of course, the rod 32 is reconnected to the elastomeric bearing 54.

By using the bearing housing 47, the wing 41 is folded together without the elastomeric bearing 54 being bent or stressed. Can still large setting angle for the blades 41 can be achieved without damaging the elastomeric bearing 54, on the interaction of the plate 54 a of the bearing 54 with the sleeve 34 on the rod 32 in the manner previously described with respect to the embodiment of the F i g . 1 to 4 is reached.

It should be noted that both embodiments without shear stress on the elastomer Bearing can be used when a collective angular adjustment is exerted on the wing will. Likewise, the elastomeric bearing can be used when making collective angular adjustment is exercised on a wing that is not

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is foldable in the same way as it is with a collapsible rotating wing is the case.

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Rotary vane with collective and cyclical setting angle control and with an elastomeric, spherical shell-shaped bearing for connection to the rotor hub, characterized in that the elastomeric bearing ίο 22,23,54) with its rotor hub-side end bearing shell (25 a, 54 a) to one with the axis coinciding with the blade pitch angle is rotatably mounted on the rotor hub and the lever (32) for collective change of the blade pitch angle acts on the end bearing shell on the rotor hub side, while the lever (27) for cyclical change of the blade pitch angle acts on the blade root. 2. Rotary vane according to claim 1, characterized in that it is together with the elastomeric Bearings (22, 23 54) for folding the rotary vanes together, pivotable on the rotor hub (10, 40) is stored. 3. Rotary vane according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor hub side is the elastomeric Bearing (22,23) receiving bearing carrier as a ball (18) and the blade root as a two-part, the elastomeric bearing bearing ball socket (19, 20) is formed. 4. Rotary vane according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the elastomeric Bearings (22, 23) made up of two diametrically opposed, concentric to the setting angle axis of the rotary wing arranged parts. 5. Rotary vane according to one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the rotor hub side End bearing shell (25 a) of the elastomeric bearing (22, 23) consists of two diametrically opposite, interconnected Consists of spherical shells, and the lever 32) for collective change of the blade pitch angle to the Attacks spherical shells in a plane which is perpendicular to the blade pitch axis and goes through the center of the ball (18). 6. Rotary vane according to one of claims 3 10 to 5, characterized in that with the ball (18) one up and one down in the substantially parallel to the rotor axis extending bearing pin (16) is connected, which in a fork (11, 12) of the rotor hub (10) for folding the rotary vane (15) is pivotably mounted. 7. rotary vane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor hub side is the elastomeric Bearing (54) receiving bearing brackets as a spherical shell (47) and the blade root-side bearing bracket as a spherical sector (56) with the spherical sector (56) arranged concentrically to the spherical shell within this Rotary wing tip facing spherical surface is formed, the spherical sector via a universal joint (42) connected to the rotor hub (40) and on its spherical surface with the root of the rotary vane is, which is through recesses (53, 55) in the spherical shell and in the between the Spherical sector and the ball socket arranged elastomeric bearing extends. 8. rotary vane according to claim 7, characterized in that the cardan joint (42) with the Shaft for cyclical change of the blade pitch · angle is connected. 9. rotary vane according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the ball socket (47) according to Actuation of an unlocking around an "axis running parallel to the rotor axis, which is through the The center of the universal joint (42) is on the rotor hub (40) is pivotably mounted. 10. Rotary vane according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a locking member (60) displaceable in the blade longitudinal direction on which the recesses (53, 55) of the spherical shell (47) and the elastomeric bearing (54) penetrating part of the blade root is arranged , wherein a spring (60 α) moves the locking member when the rotary vane (41) is not rotating into a position locking the bearing carrier on the rotor hub side (47) with respect to the blade root side (56) . 11. Rotary sash according to claim 10, characterized in that that the recesses (53, 55) in the spherical shell (47) and in the elastomeric bearing (54) are conical or truncated pyramidal for receiving of the correspondingly designed locking member (60) are formed. 1 sheet of drawings