DE1472140C3 - Device for the photometric measurement of the light attenuation in a measuring beam in relation to a comparison beam with the aid of alternating light - Google Patents
Device for the photometric measurement of the light attenuation in a measuring beam in relation to a comparison beam with the aid of alternating lightInfo
- Publication number
- DE1472140C3 DE1472140C3 DE19651472140 DE1472140A DE1472140C3 DE 1472140 C3 DE1472140 C3 DE 1472140C3 DE 19651472140 DE19651472140 DE 19651472140 DE 1472140 A DE1472140 A DE 1472140A DE 1472140 C3 DE1472140 C3 DE 1472140C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- light
- alternating
- measuring
- frequency
- comparison
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
Description
3 43 4
strom der Modulationsfrequenz V1 durch oder auf das Die Differenz der Photoströme der beiden Photo-Meß- und das Referenzobjekt geleitet wird und auf zellen wird in einem Verstärker verstärkt und dient die Meß- und die Referenzphotozelle fällt, und daß zur Steuerung einer Lichtschwächungseinrichtung im je ein Lichtstrom gleicher Intensität der Modula- Teillichtstrom durch die Vergleichsküvette (Referenztionsfrequenz r, direkt auf die Meß- und die Refe- 5 objekt). Die Metalldampflampe wird mit Wechselrenzphotozelle fällt und die durch die Lichtströme spannung betrieben, so daß die Lampe einen der Modulationsfrequenz v2 erzeugte Differenzspan- Wechsellichtstrom der Grundfrequenz V1 aussendet, nuna über einen nachfolgenden Verstärker und einen Die verwendete Lichtschwächungseihrichtung besteht phasenempfindlichen Gleichrichter in an sich bekann- in an sich bekannter Weise aus einem Drehpulssyter Weise zur Steuerung der Anodenspannung der io stern, das an Stelle eines Zeigers zur Lichtschwächung Vergleichsphotozelle dient. Vorteilhaft erfolgt die Er- eine Abdeckfahne besitzt, und einer vorgeschalteten zeugung des Wechsellichtes mit Hilfe von Metall- Ringmodulatorschaltung. Dieser Ringmodulator dampflampen, die mit Wechselspannung oder Gleich- wird gesteuert durch die verstärkte Differenz der spannung mit einem Wechselspannungsanteil gespeist Photowechselströme der Frequenz v,. Als Bezugswerden. Außerdem werden die zur Betätigung der 15 wechselspannung dient eine durch elektrische Filter Servomechanismen benötigten Bezugsspannungen vom Lampenstrom abgeleitete Wechselspannung mit mit konstanter Phasenlage gegenüber den zugeordne- der gleichen Frequenz V1 mit gleicher Phasenlage ten Frequenzen der in den photoelektrischen Organen wie die Steuerspannung.current of the modulation frequency V 1 through or on the The difference between the photo currents of the two photo measurement and the reference object is passed and on cells is amplified in an amplifier and serves the measurement and the reference photo cell falls, and that to control a light attenuation device in each a luminous flux of the same intensity as the modula partial luminous flux through the comparison cuvette (reference frequency r, directly on the measurement and reference object). The metal vapor lamp is covered by an alternating photocell and operated by the luminous flux voltage, so that the lamp emits a differential alternating luminous flux of the fundamental frequency V 1 generated at the modulation frequency v 2 , now via a subsequent amplifier and a phase-sensitive rectifier - In a manner known per se from a rotary pulse system to control the anode voltage of the io star, which serves instead of a pointer for light attenuation comparison photo cell. Advantageously, it has a cover flap and an upstream generation of the alternating light with the aid of a metal ring modulator circuit. This ring modulator steam lamps, which with alternating voltage or direct current is controlled by the amplified difference of the voltage with an alternating voltage component fed photo alternating currents of the frequency v ,. As a reference. In addition, the AC voltage required by electrical filter servomechanisms is used to actuate the AC voltage, with AC voltage derived from the lamp current with a constant phase position compared to the assigned same frequency V 1 with the same phase position of the frequencies in the photoelectric organs such as the control voltage.
erzeugten elektrischen Wechselspannungen durch Der Strom durch das Drehspulsystem dient alselectrical alternating voltages generated by the current through the moving coil system serves as
Filtereinrichtungen von dem elektrischen Strom bzw. 20 Ausgangssignal der Meßanordnung. Zur KorrekturFilter devices from the electrical current or output signal of the measuring arrangement. For correction
von den Strömen der Metalldampflampe abgeleitet. der über längere Zeit sich unterschiedlich änderndenderived from the currents of the metal halide lamp. which change differently over a longer period of time
Die technische Auswirkung der Erfindung besteht Empfindlichkeit der beiden Photozellen wird von derThe technical effect of the invention consists of the sensitivity of the two photocells
darin, daß statt der Addition von zwei Wechsellicht- Metalldampflampe ein weiterer Lichtstrom abge-in that instead of adding two alternating light metal halide lamps, another luminous flux is emitted.
strömen, die gegenseitig eine Phasenverschiebung von zweigt, der mit einer Schwingblende im Rhytmus derflow that mutually a phase shift of branches, the with a swing diaphragm in the rhythm of the
180° besitzen, nur eine Subtraktion der Photoströme 35 Frequenz v2 > V1 zerhackt wird. Dieser Lichtstrom180 °, only a subtraction of the photocurrents 35 frequency v 2 > V 1 is chopped. This luminous flux
von zwei Wechselströmen gleicher Phasen notwendig mit der Frequenz v2 wird optisch in zwei Hilfslicht-of two alternating currents of the same phases necessary with the frequency v 2 is optically in two auxiliary light
ist. ströme aufgeteilt und je einer Photozelle (Meß- undis. currents divided and each one photocell (measuring and
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Ausfüh- ' Referenzphotozelle) mit konstantem Verhältnis derThe invention is to be based on an embodiment 'reference photocell) with a constant ratio of
rungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden: Lichtintensitäten zugeführt. Die beiden Photozellenexample are explained in more detail: light intensities supplied. The two photocells
Für die Messung der Absoption einer Flüssigkeit 30 erhalten dadurch eine Zusatzbeleuchtung mit derFor the measurement of the absorption of a liquid 30, additional lighting is thereby obtained with the
verwendet man als Lichtquelle eine Metalldampf- Frequenz v2 und einem konstanten Verhältnis derthe light source used is a metal vapor frequency v 2 and a constant ratio of
lampe. Der in einer Richtung ausgesendete Licht- Lichtströme.lamp. The luminous flux emitted in one direction.
strom wird optisch in zwei Teillichtströme aufgeteilt. Die dadurch am Verstärkereingang auftretende Der eine Teillichtstrom durchsetzt die Durchlaufkü- Photostromwechselspannung der Frequenz v., wird vette (Meßobjekt), durch die die zu untersuchende 35 nach phasenempfindlicher Gleichrichtung zur Steue-Flüssigkeit hindurchfließt. Der andere Teillichtstrom rung der Anodenspannung der Photozelle, die das durchsetzt eine Vergleichsküvette (Referenzobjekt), Licht durch die Vergleichsküvette (Referenzobjekt) die mit einer Vergleichsflüssigkeit gefüllt ist, deren aufnimmt (Referenzphotozelle), verwendet. Dadurch Absorption gleich oder kleiner ist als die minimal in wird das effektive Empfindlichkeitsverhältnis der der zu untersuchenden Flüssigkeit vorkommende 40 Photozellen konstant gehalten. Der abgeglichene ZuAbsorption. Jeder der beiden Teillichtströme wird stand der Anordnung ist erreicht, wenn die Differenz auf eine gesonderte Photozelle (Meß- und Referenz- der Photoströme für beide Frequenzen »-, und v, photozelle) geleitet. verschwindet.electricity is optically divided into two partial luminous flows. The resulting partial luminous flux at the amplifier input penetrates the through-flow photocurrent alternating voltage of frequency v. The other partial luminous flux tion of the anode voltage of the photocell, which passes through a comparison cuvette (reference object), light through the comparison cuvette (reference object) which is filled with a comparison liquid, which absorbs (reference photocell), is used. As a result, the absorption is equal to or less than the minimum in the effective sensitivity ratio of the 40 photocells occurring in the liquid to be examined is kept constant. The balanced ZuAbsorption. Each of the two partial luminous fluxes is achieved when the difference is passed on to a separate photocell (measuring and reference of the photocurrents for both frequencies »- and v, photocell). disappears.
Claims (3)
Anodenspannung der Vergleichsphotozelle dient. Die Einrichtungen zum mechanischen Zerhackena light attenuation device, which is operated by all of these measuring devices but has a servomechanism (optical part, that the alternating light is generated by mechanical ZerNull method), characterized by two luminous fluxes generated by net, that the device has one or two light sources originate from one light source and, in addition to the desired sources, whose luminous fluxes with two th constant light components contain interfering alternating light components of different frequencies (^ 1 and v 2 ) modulo different frequencies. That being mechalized, and that the device is done with rotating or forming such unusual chopping, that a luminous flux of the modulation-oscillating diaphragms or mirrors, namely the frequency V 1 by or on the measuring and the kind, that the amplitude of the luminous flux is conducted in both reference objects and falls on the measuring beam paths exactly according to the same periodic and reference photocell, and that each one and the time axis symmetrical function, but with luminous flux of the same intensity of the modulation 20 fluctuates a phase shift of 180 ° so that frequency v 2 falls directly on the measuring and reference photocell after the merging of the two beam bundles and the differential photocurrent generated by the modulation frequency v 2 with a superimposed alternating current voltage is created via a downstream amplifier , the frequency of which is equal to the flicker frequency and one phase-sensitive rectifier in 25 and whose amplitude disappears in the balanced state in a manner known per se for controlling the light fluxes.
The anode voltage of the comparison photocell is used. The devices for mechanical chopping
Meßstrahlenbündel im Verhältnis zu einem Ver- Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eineThe purpose of the invention is to avoid the indicated disadvantages of known devices and to increase the accuracy, reliability and performance.
Measuring beam in relation to a ver The invention is based on the object of a
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEJ0028454 | 1965-06-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1472140A1 DE1472140A1 (en) | 1969-10-09 |
DE1472140B2 DE1472140B2 (en) | 1973-08-16 |
DE1472140C3 true DE1472140C3 (en) | 1974-03-07 |
Family
ID=7203284
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19651472140 Expired DE1472140C3 (en) | 1965-06-26 | 1965-06-26 | Device for the photometric measurement of the light attenuation in a measuring beam in relation to a comparison beam with the aid of alternating light |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1472140C3 (en) |
-
1965
- 1965-06-26 DE DE19651472140 patent/DE1472140C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1472140B2 (en) | 1973-08-16 |
DE1472140A1 (en) | 1969-10-09 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) |