DE1467138A1 - Cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride - Google Patents

Description

SOLVAY & ClE.
33 Rue Prince Ubert, a

^{m 62} ' ³

Cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride a toff.

Priority: Dutch patent application vocj 29.11.iy62, No. 2Ü6 11 ^.

The Frflndung affects one / λlie for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of Chlorwaeseretoff.

In other cases, in the subsequent chlorinations and in the various dechlorinations of chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrogen chloride is obtained as a by-product. We ^ eα «the insignificant * ibeat ζταΟζΙΙ chicelten dlcßi-r compound, it is particularly interesting to be able to rewire the chlorine. "lerfflr are two general methods zar Verfflganjr, nflmllch the oxidation of Chlorwr.sserstoffs by oxygen or air in the presence of intalyentoren and the electrolysis of väserlgen solutions a ^ it hydrochloric," to pull the latter method generally prefer it well offers the advantage to only need a relatively simple and less extensive apparatus and because?!

The cells for the flectrolysis of hydrogen chloride are constructed according to the principle of the filter press. Several electrolysis elements are united in a single ulc * and held between two terminal bars. Every electrolysis element has a dipolar graphite electrode, which is arranged in an elnea rslustn sus sturdy solid material.

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BADOR ₁ GINAL

The electrode can either consist of a plate made of solid graphite with grooves on two sides, or a otoöination of a graphite plate grooved on the cathode side and a pile of graphite grains on the anode side.In the latter case, the consumption of graphite on the anode side as a result of the formation of CO. by adding a certain amount of graphite grains during operation.

Each electrolysis element still has one Diaphragm) to separate the accumulated gases, furthermore gas chambers above the electrolytic vesus, Means for the electrolyte circulation and means for the

Removal of the (0s »p3Xn) ufc * exj (resulting gases.

The electrolyte flows in such cells as follows The Concentrated Solution enters the Anouenaütell of every Fleaent, then goes through that Diaphragm and is withdrawn through the Xathooenabell. The aonze titration on hydrogen chloride, which approximately 30 wt. ^ At entry is 20> bela step out of the {athoaenabteil. If such furs

an increased current density, operated at SPIE lswelae 1Uk2OOO-35oo Aap./id weruen ² is subjected to the electrolyte of the anode compartment a forced circulation by means of a dividing device, in order to control the thermal response of the cell.

Although of simple construction, these Electrolysis cells, some of which are important.

For example, the electrodes made of granular graphite have an increased Ohowl due to the inadequate Contact of grain and plate and horns among themselves, what a noticeable increase in electrical energy consumption per ton of chlorine produced

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The electrodes consisting of a single graphite plate do not have this disadvantage, but they do • I consume slowly, their mutual AOBtand increases and with it the energy consumption as well, for it is not possible to adjust the distance between the KleKetrodes because these latter in the Frames are firmly arranged, which are pressed against each other are.

The β is a disadvantage for buläe i :: io <itrodenarteu. There • A clearing is arranged between each frame 1st and If this direction is more or less pressed together, you have to have a certain amount of play between the two Provide electrodes. Hence it is impossible to keep them at a suitable distance for an ideal gait to feel in the cell, even if they are new. Besides ■ ate lileketrodes and frames with great precision edited to accommodate the necessary play between the Reduce electrodes, resulting in additional * Uchtxcx

<; x ίοste η result.

iei * n cum this »bark overtake ^ αεε, in particular to α areatd a Fiaphragisas, whose lifespan is limited, is inevitable, dia .iello completely; to dismantle, even if only a single Elotsent is defective. As a result, the maintenance cost of the filter press type cells is very substantial.

The kneading of the skins requires the presence of a closed seal between the electrolysis elements , a seal that is tattx de »the scope of which is generally 1.5 m χ 1.2 in. A cell: alt $ 1 Hahxaen must have just as many clearings, which must ensure that the apparatus is completely sealed. Leakage losses are particularly disadvantageous because the warm and chlorine-containing solution of hydrogen chloride is very corrosive. However, it is difficult to obtain perfect tightness of all seals and, in particular, to maintain them during operation of the cell. Therefore, expensive measures are taken, in particular pits made of acid-proof material are placed under each cell. 909811/1066

-W-

THE NEW ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR WLEERLGE Solutions from Chl <) rwp.f3errtoff ern; 3 <jllcht the mentioned Disadvantages to be used. This is indicated by this, that never occurs pusjOelneia eleAtrieoh isolated urid with a newly closed tray, in which without any Fixing the decomposing set to ng seventh are arranged, 2) Agents, including / wlesrigo Concentrated chlorine solution to supply the replacements, 3) resources, to the gases formed and the dilute aqueous hydrogen chloride solution to subtract, and W) means to remove the necessary electrical: itroia for electrolysis to be supplied.

Change Mertiajele will following aue de ca revealed inebpsondere with reference to the _# drawings showing the invention In detail explain but do not limit. Rather, the invention of numerous modifications is ffihi ^, without any of their area of concern to Koramen. The drawings represent:

Fig. 1 «a cross section through a Flg. 2 el ilen longitudinal section of the same,

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through another form a .ieHe

Flg. W a cross-section through the other modification.

The trough 1 De is made of an acid-proof insulating Material. It is through cover 2 by means of flanges and bolt locks. The density is determined by a seal W secured. The lid has an opening 5 for the removal of chlorine. Any decomposing element consists of a bipolar GraphiMute electrode 7, which is seldom grooved on both sides. DIo electrode is in one Frame 6 made of synthetic material or steel, which is valued by an acid-proof one over £, arranged, "in the upper part of the Kahuwn is a gas casatr 8 provided, in which the evolved hydrogen is geaaoaaelt. The Rannen wears the 9 diaphragm Gaa developed in the cathode compartment is used in the gas

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kauuaer 8 aillali cross lei tang 10 gesaauielt and discharged through line 11 iuta Saauuler 12. The line 11 is flexible because either it consists of several moving parts or it is newly manufactured laterally. Read in the node compartment &<2sa; iKBelte gas wildly in the Gaskawiaer I3, which is through the lid 2 above the level 1 ¹ + of the electrolyte ^ e ^ lldet. Each frame is provided with a tori already elk tan *; 15 on its outer part, which is immersed in the electrolyte. ^ x ^ cx ^^ ^K dleser seal is to reduce the current losses · ^A n the ends of the cell are two monopolar electrodes 16 with your Stroaszuführungen 17. In the figures arbitrarily iitr'vjiricMung fin ^ eiootri and dah.-sr according to the nodenunri iqthoden ^ bteJle. SelbstverstÄndlicn, <ann aan the Stro-nricht.-uiti uiakehren, and in a · such a case, the chlorine is in the Gąska. Mnern (J aer frame 6 ^ esanmelt and withdrawn through the manifold 12, while the hydrogen in the gas chamber 13 collected by) is subtracted by 5.

E '<? R ümlp.if the electrolyte η ^ nn caf various ^ ne

secured. The fresh acid is through the i'enmler 18 was introduced and in dif> different place Overhead line I9 distributed. The food of the 'btpile can be done from above or from within. Aaf the Fi * j. 1 and 2 is schematic and arbitrary the feeding is realized from below.

The accumulation of exhausted acid can take place via the overflow 21 with an automatic valve 22. Purpose of the valve, 1st salt in regulating "bstflnden, for example -nittels a timer, the amount of Sftjre in d ^ m trough to change, uv. Dl ο Sfiure za renew, which is located in the <athod <? Nabteil geiAes the figure One λκηη also produce this change d ·· levels by means of an automatic valve, not shown, which is located on deia Kvakulerungssaaialer 12 for the liali. Gas located in the gas chambers 8 lat.

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-U-

The exhausted acid can also be stripped off

geraäsn ate modifications dor Flg. 3 - ^{inö l} * be accomplished.

ueaäes the Flg. 3 the different Gae-Kaiaiaern ö among themselves are connected by an ia ^ iialer 23 · This collector is constructed in such a way that the distance between can Kahuien changes, tana, as it is clear. üe-.:. iäo3 Fig k 1st jode üask & duer ϋ over sine biot-sa ^ Lai 2h tang connected · Ia with collectors 25 that have been in ever η filling "<fresh acid ann upper Saaoiler 1d in the ^A bteila introduced outside the Diriphregraae, The ones between the electrode and the diaphragm are two consecutive faucets. (This compartment can be anodic or cathodic as well as the 2trojirlchtuiig) The other compartment is fed via the passage through the diaphragm. The acid then goes through the gas chambers and gets through the collectors and 25 "sb ^ ezogon.

The advantages of ainar such <ielle are obvious, -ijcrnt er.iS ^ light as simple "Nordnuui; der ^ ar3etian,; Goleajente in cojj Ίίό ± oils öinaader so near wlo i ^ every day at 3otrle'33bCöl nT za closer α _t uad da which are flexible before being sent to the various collectors, it is possible to adjust the θ, tetrodeη during operation to compensate for the wear on the anode side. Therefore, the voltage drop remains low and as a result, the electric "energy consumption per ton produced Chlora also low. the frames have no Bearbeltungs- or Toleranzprobleroe, <? n dna was ία? Liehe game zuIschen ΒΧβκΙκαίβη and frame compensates uz are not completely through the tori see seal whose Olcht- ^ ness This makes the production of the device cheaper.

^ The creation of the cell of the invention

cn considerably simplifies the maintenance work. For example i play “weis” to r> ₈ a, tz of a diaphragm

the i3olzeri des
it is enough dtnxteetor

damaged dlaphragaa for repairs or boards to take out.

BAD ORiGINAL

CIe inventions & e ^ elle is perfectly tight under all circumstances, oa it is only one ;; has only one lid, which is attached to the trough and provided with a normal tight seal, which is located above the electrolyte level. No escape of the chlorine content, the acid let too befflrehte.Q and überordiea \ unn also mention the!? Lek <itrolyee a.itor Uiacü üurcluu with flea Vorteiloti, which these bad techiili; presents.

never depends _t Geseu3tlfin;! e of / rush just from the Dicice the Kleketroden and not the H imitate from η, as in Hlterpresszellon. It is so oiö ^ llch to reduce its length to a rtinae & tmaee tu as required only by the thickness of the electrodes. This is followed by a small space requirement and a

reduced to a iiialraaiu

necessary Ouerf laugh, which in a considerably Heller way the Costs fiiner polchen> llo lowered.

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Claims (1)

Claims. Cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride, characterized by the fact that it consists ι 1) of an electrically insulated trough closed by oirvn lec \ ei, in which are arranged without beffci.tifcUrifcSiul ttt'l dia Zereetzun «Geleuont ·, which consist of a dipolar graphite electrode fixed on two occasions in a frame, which is provided with a diaphragm and partly with a gas chamber in the upper part, which is equipped with a collector for evacuation . iileketrode ana diaphragm formed guces connected via biegeauie lei dunking, and on the other hand the frame is provided with a toric seal at eeiaew fi ^ iseeren ia the electrolyte immersed part, 2) au? Means to carry out the permanent dissolution of hydrogen chloride to the reaction elements, 3) "-is Mlttoln, to remove the gases formed and the diluted chlorine content pb?, Izif" h "n and k) from means, which are necessary for electrolysis supply electrical current. 2. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for removing the diluted chlorine »hydrogen oil *; from elneai '' berleuf, provided with an automatic valve, which is used to control the height of the electrolyte in the trough. 3. ISELLA addressed by 1, characterized in that datstt üio means zuu ^ biiiehen the diluted chlorine ^ ° Wauöerstofflüuati from el reu overflow bo stand, where co dit »Uühe dee Llleketrolyton in the trough through a nutoma- _, tlt> clieä on d & ia Lntleerun ^ usauuler for the educated Gases acigeordntftee valve gfcsffeueyt · will. W. cell according to claim 1, characterized gekennzelc h- * net that means to withdraw the dilute hydrogen chloride Solution consist of a flexible collector, which dl · different provided in the frame Connects gas chambers to one another. 5 · Cell according to claim 1 «characterized» da ·· dl · Means for removing the diluted chlorine · hydrogen solution do a {pipe exist, which 3 Connects the gas chamber provided in the Rahe »η with a« vwaoTt collector. 6. Cell according to claims 1-3 »thereby g β ke η η ze 1 ch η et, dnos the means for Γρβΐ3βη c * dr; iclle nit fresh electrolyte n'is a Sncialer and lines exist, which the fresh electrolyte in the anodlechenund cathodic compartments on watches. 7 cell after address * + - $, characterized data the means to ο feed the cell with fresh electrolytes from β ine.υ the fresh Electrolytes in oas outside the diaphragm The compartment approaching Saiumler consists of the electrolyte In the compartment, which is through the space between the diaphragm and electrode »determined and from the same frame is carried, mittoiβ passage through the dlaphragaa goes, 8. ZeHo according to the preceding claims, characterized marked that dia .ttttel * un feeders de · Electric Gtroaes for Eleicetrolyee from two monopolar electrodons arranged in the fost area consist, which are arranged at each end of the cell and old StronaneohlQssen are provided. 909811/1066