DE1464011C

DE1464011C - Ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: DE1464011C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Toronto Ontario Hugenholtz Eduard Herman (Kanada)
Original assignee: Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Current assignee: Koninklijke Philips NV
Publication date: 1971-01-07

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Zündanordnung für Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einem Transistor, einer Stromquelle, einem Transformator, dessen Primärwicklung im Emitter-Kollektor-Kreis des genannten Transistors liegt, einem Emitter-Basis-Kreis, durch den der Emitter-Kollektor-Kreis des Transistors normalerweise im gesperrten Zustand gehalten wird, und einem durch einen den Zündzeitpunkt bestimmenden Mechanismus gesteuerten Impulsgenerator, durch den die Basis-Emitter-Strecke des Transistors plötzlich in Durchlaßrichtung ausgesteuert und sein Emitter-Kollektor-Kreis stark leitend gemacht wird, so daß im wesentlichen die ganze Spannung der Stromquelle an die Primärwicklung des Transformators gelegt und ein hoher Spannungsimpuls über dessen Sekundärwicklung erzeugt wird.The invention relates to an ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines, with a transistor, a current source, a transformer, the primary winding of which is in the emitter-collector circuit of the aforementioned The transistor is located in an emitter-base circuit, through which the emitter-collector circuit of the transistor normally held in the locked state, and one by one the ignition timing governing mechanism controlled pulse generator through which the base-emitter path of the The transistor is suddenly driven in the forward direction and its emitter-collector circuit is highly conductive is made so that essentially all of the voltage from the power source is applied to the primary winding of the transformer and a high voltage pulse is generated across its secondary winding.

Mit Transistoren bestückte Zündanordnungen für Brennkraftmaschinen sind bekannt und können in zwei Grundtypen eingeteilt werden: Die eine, in der ein einziger Zündfunke erzeugt wird, wie es in der USA.-Patentschrift 2966 615 beschrieben ist, und die andere, in der mehrere Funken erzeugt werden, wie es in der USA.-Patentschrift 2 898 392 beschrieben ist.Ignition arrangements equipped with transistors for internal combustion engines are known and can be found in can be divided into two basic types: The one in which a single ignition spark is generated, as in the U.S. Patent 2,966,615, and the other, in which multiple sparks are generated, as described in U.S. Patent 2,898,392.

Ein allgemeiner Nachteil der mit Transistoren bestückten Zündanordnungen ist der Spannungsabfall, der beim Anlasseh des Motors auftritt, und der Spannungsabfall bei höheren Motorgeschwindigkeiten, wenn nur eine ungenügende Zeit für den Stromaufbau im Impulsgenerator zur Verfügung steht.A general disadvantage of the ignition arrangements equipped with transistors is the voltage drop, which occurs when the engine is started, and the voltage drop at higher engine speeds, if only insufficient time is available for the current build-up in the pulse generator stands.

In den Zündanordnungen mit einer durch einen magnetischen Impulsgenerator gesteuerten Kippschaltung, wie sie in der USA.-Patentschrift 2 889 392 dargestellt, ist das Einsetzen der Schwingungen des funkenerzeugenden Oszillators von der Amplitude der durch die magnetische Induktion im Impulsgenerator induzierten Spannung abhängig. Diese Änderung der Spannungsamplitude kann zum Liefern einer selbsttätigen Zündzeitpunktseinstellung in Abhängigkeit von der Geschwindigkeit verwendet werden, aber Änderungen im Induktionsspalt des Impiilsgenerators können zu einer unregelmäßigen Einstellung der Funkenentladung im einen Zylinder in bezug auf die Funkenentladung in einem anderen Zylinder eines Mehrzylindermotors führen.In the ignition arrangements with a trigger circuit controlled by a magnetic pulse generator, as shown in U.S. Patent 2,889,392, is the onset of vibrations of the spark generating oscillator on the amplitude of the magnetic induction im Pulse generator induced voltage dependent. This change in the voltage amplitude can be used to Provides automatic ignition timing as a function of the speed used but changes in the induction gap of the pulse generator can lead to an irregular Adjustment of the spark discharge in one cylinder in relation to the spark discharge in another Lead cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine.

Die Erfindung bezweckt daher, eine Zündanordnung für Brennkraftmaschinen zu schaffen, bei der die Funkenspannung beim Anlassen des Motors im wesentlichen nicht abfällt und die auch nicht die im vorstellenden genannten Nachteile aufweist.The invention therefore aims to provide an ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines in which the spark voltage does not essentially drop when the engine is started, and neither does the im presenting the disadvantages mentioned.

Es ist zwar aus der deutschen Auslegeschrift 1 099 268 eine Zündanordnung bekannt, die einen Transistor enthält, in dessen Kollektorkreis die Primärwicklung eines Transformators eingeschaltet ist; dieser Transistor ist jedoch normalerweise leitend, da seine Basis über einen Widerstand an der Kollektorspannung liegt. Hierbei ist besonders die ständige Belastung der Batterie nachteilig.Although it is known from the German Auslegeschrift 1 099 268 an ignition arrangement, the one Contains transistor, in the collector circuit of which the primary winding of a transformer is switched on is; however, this transistor is normally conductive because its base is connected to the via a resistor Collector voltage is. The constant load on the battery is particularly disadvantageous here.

Auch ist es bekannt, zur Steuerung des Zünd-Zeitpunktes Hallgeneratoren zu verwenden, so z. B. aus der deutschen Patentschrift 958 971.It is also known to control the ignition point To use hall generators, so z. B. from German patent specification 958 971.

Die geschilderten Nachteile werden bei der eingangs erwähnten Zündanordnung erfindungsgemäß dadurch behoben, daß der den Zündzeitpunkt bestimmende Mechanismus ein Brückennetzwerk enthält, in dessen zwei Zweigen Hallgeneratoren vorgesehen sind, die nebeneinander angeordnet und nacheinander einem sich bewegenden Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden, das die Brücke abwechselnd in der einen oder in der anderen Richtung außer Gleichgewicht bringt und dadurch eine Spannungsänderung erzeugt, durch die der Impulsgenerator ausgelöst und die Basis-Emitter-Strecke des Transistors plötzlich in Durchlaßrichtung ausgesteuert wird.The disadvantages outlined are in accordance with the invention in the case of the ignition arrangement mentioned at the outset fixed by the fact that the mechanism determining the ignition point contains a bridge network, in the two branches of which Hall generators are provided, which are arranged side by side and successively exposed to a moving magnetic field, which the bridge alternately in one or the other out of equilibrium and thereby creates a voltage change that triggers the pulse generator and the base-emitter path of the transistor is suddenly controlled in the forward direction.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

F i g. 1 zeigt schematisch ein Schaltbild der vorliegenden Zündanordnung;F i g. 1 schematically shows a circuit diagram of the present ignition arrangement;

F i g. 2 zeigt eine Wellenform der Kippspannung, die zum Auslösen der Funkenentladung verwendet wird. . >F i g. Fig. 2 shows a waveform of the breakover voltage used to initiate the spark discharge will. . >

In der Zeichnung stellen 1 und 2 die positive und die negative Klemme der Batterie dar mit einer Spannung von z. B. 12 V. Die Basis eines ersten Transistors 11 ist durch einen Transformator 5 regenerativ mit dem Emitter verbunden. Mittels eines Spannungsteilers 3, 7, 8 wird die Basisvorspannung zugeführt und durch einen Kondensator 4 stabilisiert. Der Transistorkreis ist selbstschwingend, und eine f' Tertiärwicklung 6 auf dem Kern des Transformators 5 führt die durch den Transistor 11 erzeugten Schwingungen einem Gleichrichtersystem mit den Dioden 9 und 10 und dem Kondensator 12 zu, über dem eine Gleichspannung von etwa 50 V erzeugt wird, wobei die Klemme 31 positiv ist gegenüber der geerdeten Klemme 40. Der Kondensator 12 muß eine genügend große Kapazität haben, um die Spannung während mehrerer Funkenentladungen aufrechtzuerhalten, wenn keine weitere Aufladung durch den Umwandler zugeführt wird; dieser Zustand kann beim Anlassen des Motors auftreten.In the drawing 1 and 2 represent the positive and the negative terminal of the battery with a voltage of z. B. 12 V. The base of a first transistor 11 is regeneratively connected to the emitter through a transformer 5. The base bias voltage is supplied by means of a voltage divider 3, 7, 8 and is stabilized by a capacitor 4. The transistor circuit is self-oscillating, and an f 'tertiary winding 6 on the core of the transformer 5, the vibrations generated by the transistor 11 to a rectifier system with the diodes 9 and 10 and the condenser 12 to, via which a DC voltage is generated by about 50 V, terminal 31 being positive with respect to the grounded terminal 40. Capacitor 12 must have sufficient capacitance to maintain voltage during multiple spark discharges when no further charge is applied by the converter; this condition can occur when the engine is started.

Eine · gegenüber der Klemme 40 positive Spannung, die durch das Widerstandsteilnetzwerk 13, 14, 17 bestimmt wird, wird dem Emitter des Transistors 20 zugeführt. Die Größe dieser Spannung hängt von dem Zustand des veränderbaren Widerstandes 13 ab, der durch das Gaspedal gesteuert wird, damit eine weniger positive Spannung am Emitter des Transistors 20 entsteht, wenn das Gaspedal niedergedrückt wird. Die Spannung an der Basis des Tran- .<* sistors 20 wird zuerst durch die Widerstände 15, 36, 38 und den Widerstandswert der Hallgeneratoren ,33, 37 bestimmt und ist derart, daß der Transistor 20 normalerweise gesperrt ist. Der Kondensator 16 bewirkt eine Impulsspannungsverschiebung. Die Diode 42 sorgt dafür, daß der Transistor 20 und das zugehörige Schaltwerk nur einen einzigen Impuls erzeugen, wobei der Rückkehrimpuls durch die Diode gesperrt wird, so daß eine Sperrschwingung nicht stattfindet. Die Widerstände 15 und 17 und die Diode 23 sind mit der Klemme 1 verbunden, so daß, wenn der Zündschalter ausgeschaltet ist, dem Transistor 20 keine Spannung zugeführt wird und keine ungewollten Impulse erzeugt werden. Außerdem ist die Strombelastung des Kondensators 12, wenn der Motor abgeschaltet ist, entfernt.A positive voltage with respect to terminal 40, which is generated by the resistor subnetwork 13, 14, 17 is determined, is supplied to the emitter of the transistor 20. The magnitude of this tension depends on the state of the variable resistor 13, which is controlled by the accelerator pedal, so that a less positive voltage occurs at the emitter of transistor 20 when the accelerator pedal is depressed will. The tension at the base of the tran-. <* sistor 20 is first through the resistors 15, 36, 38 and the resistance value of the Hall generators, 33, 37 is determined and is such that the transistor 20 is normally blocked. The capacitor 16 causes a pulse voltage shift. The diode 42 ensures that the transistor 20 and the associated Switching mechanism only generate a single pulse, the return pulse being through the diode is blocked so that a blocking oscillation does not take place. The resistors 15 and 17 and the Diode 23 are connected to terminal 1 so that when the ignition switch is off, the transistor 20 no voltage is supplied and no unwanted pulses are generated. Also is removes the current load on capacitor 12 when the engine is off.

Die Kollektorelektrode des Transistors 20 ist über die Primärwicklung des Transformators 25 und das Parallelnetzwerk 43, 44 mit der Klemme 40 verbunden. Der durch den Kondensator 43 überbrückte Widerstand 44 ist derart gewählt, daß er den Ruhe- strom des Transistors 20 auf einen geeigneten Wert ■ beschränkt. Eine positive Spannung, die im wesentlichen gleich der Speisespannung, nämlich 50 V, ist, wird durch die Primärwicklung des TransformatorsThe collector electrode of transistor 20 is across the primary winding of transformer 25 and the Parallel network 43, 44 connected to terminal 40. The one bridged by the capacitor 43 Resistor 44 is chosen such that it increases the quiescent current of transistor 20 to a suitable value limited. A positive voltage that is essentially equal to the supply voltage, namely 50 V, is through the primary winding of the transformer

Claims

3 43 4

25 and part of a transformer 30 of the base of the regeneratively generated flowing in transistor 20 of transistor 26 is supplied. The collector of the collector current generates a voltage pulse in the Transistor 26 is connected to the grounded terminal 40. Transformer 25, which is like a negative pulse bound. The emitter of transistor 26 is across the base of the normally-off power parallel circuit of the resistor 28 and the capacitor 5 transistor 26 is fed to him suddenly very Sators 27 and the transformer 30 with the positive to make conductive. An emitter current in which tive terminal 31 connected. The terminals 31, 32 of the order of a few amperes, flows in the potion can with the terminals of the primary winding of the sistor26, since the full voltage of the energy source The ignition coil of the internal combustion engine is connected via the transistor and in series with it the. Since the base of the transistor 26 is essentially part of the winding of the transformer 30 is on the voltage of the emitter, the tran- appears. An increased voltage of e.g. B. 200 V sistor normally locked. appears between terminals 31, 32 and will

The diode 29 acts as a damping diode for the primary winding of the ignition transformer

Transformer 30. The diode 22 sets up the first leads to generate the high secondary voltage for the ignition

generating pulse voltage 15 generated in the transformer 30.

equal to the capacitor 39 to a negative Although in the embodiment of the invention of the

Charge voltage that represents the bias voltage of transformer 30 as a separate element

The effect of the transistor 20, as described below, is that a high voltage of the primary winding of the

will practice. Ignition transformer supplies, it is also possible that

The mode of operation of the ignition circuit is as follows. 20 the transformer 30 the ignition transformer itself

If the terminals 1, 2 a voltage of z. B. which, if this is the case, goes without saying

12 V is supplied by means of the ignition switch, it must be trained for this. As a result of the fact

The transistor 11 generates oscillations caused by the voltage suddenly being applied to the primary winding of the

Diodes 9, 10 are rectified and a voltage ignition transformer is fed, is the time for tion of z. B. 50 V with the described polarity 25 the current build-up so short that it is at higher

Generate across the capacitor 12. Since a span motor speed is not a factor,

voltage converter is used, the system can be used for the generated over the portion of the transformer 30

many accumulator voltages are used, "since the voltage pulse is across the capacitor 24 of the

only the converter circuit is to be changed, while the diode 22 is fed to a voltage on the condenser ignition circuit remains the same for everyone. 30 sätor 39 to generate the opposite of the terminal 40

The transistor 20 has an emitter voltage which is negative. This tension increases negatively which is somewhat negative compared to the positive pulse frequency, i. H. with the speed, since the tive terminal of the 12 V source, the real capacitor 39 of which is opposite the capacitor 24 Voltage due to the state of the changeable is great and acts as an automatic pre-ignition because Resistance 13 is determined by the gas 35 he the positive bias at the base of the tranpedal is controlled to provide a voltage, sistor 20 decreases. The incorporation of this circle which changes in a negative direction when making use of a governor over that Accelerator pedal is depressed. The basic pre-prep liquid.

In Fig. 2, 41 represents the change in resistance of the 15, 36, 38 and Hall generators 33, 37 determined 40 element 33 and also the waveform of the and is such that the transistor normally forms the base of the transistor 20 supplied voltage, is blocked when the Hall generators 33, 37 and the dashed lines show the change in magnetic bias voltage is supplied. A region of the blocking point of the base current of this rotatable disk 34 is covered with permanent magnets 35 as a result of the change in the transistor due to the change in the see through which, with the disk rotating, one after the other the diode 22 and the capacitor 39 with the change of the element 33 and the element 37 a move - motor speed applied voltage,
of the magnetic field, so that the base voltage by suitable arrangement of the poles of the magnets of the transistor 20 first becomes positive, as a result of the 35 a further automatic pre-ignition with increased resistance of the element 33 and an increase in speed can be created, which is then negative, as a result the subsequent increase 50 effect of the control of the accelerator pedal of the changing resistance of the element 37, canceling the resistance 13 in such a way that first the resistance of the element 33 has become normal again. Since this is delayed by the resistors 15, 36, 38, but when the engine speed has increased to such a normal value except for the network formed around the elements 33, 37, the selection is made that the transistor 20 is normally delayed by the through the pole arrangement is locked, the differences in the columns delivered acceleration is canceled. The number of poles required between the elements and the individual magnets depends on the number of th 35 the timing of the ignition pulses cylinder of the engine, also does not affect the rotation, since the elements are also influenced by the speed of the disk 34 compared to the gap. Although the circuit diagram 60 crankshaft of the engine,
the elements 33 and 37 apart DAR _p. ...
they are in reality directly related. counseling claims.
each other. The increase in the resistance of the 1st ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines, element 37 is sufficient to reduce the base biasing with a transistor, a current source, a voltage of the transistor 20 to the point 65 transformer, whose primary winding in the Emitz, in which a regenerative current conductivity The collector circuit of said transistor takes place as a result of which lies through the transformer 19, an emitter-base circuit through which the voltage feedback is supplied. Emitter-collector circuit of the transistor norma-

! is held in the blocked state, and a pulse generator controlled by a mechanism which determines the ignition timing, by which the base-emitter path of the transistor is suddenly switched in the forward direction and its emitter-collector circuit is made highly conductive, so that essentially the The entire voltage of the power source is applied to the primary winding of the transformer and a high voltage pulse is generated across its secondary winding, characterized in that the mechanism (33-38) determining the ignition point contains a bridge network in whose two branches Hall generators (33, 37) are provided , which are arranged next to one another and exposed one after the other to a moving magnetic field (34, 35) that alternately unbalances the bridge in one or the other direction and thereby generates a voltage change through which the pulse generator (13-20) is triggered and the base-emitter path of the transistor (26) plö is controlled in the forward direction.

2. Ignition arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulse generator (13-20) contains a monostable oscillator with a second transistor (20) whose collector-emitter voltage is changed in the opposite sense as the opening of the throttle valve of the engine .

3. Ignition arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulse generator (13-20) contains a further transformer (25) whose secondary winding is in the base-emitter circuit of the first-mentioned transistor (26) and whose primary winding is through the Pulse generator generated current pulses are supplied.

4. ignition arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the primary winding of the further transformer (25) connected in the collector-emitter circuit of the second transistor (20) is, between whose base and emitter electrodes a bias voltage is applied, the the said emitter-collector circuit normally blocks that the emitter-collector circuit and the base circuit of this second transistor are fed back, and that through the bridge network voltage changes of the bias voltage generated by the Hall generators (33 and 37) are superimposed and a current pulse in the emitter-collector circuit of the second transistor (20) generate.

5. ignition arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the bias of the second Transistor (20) by one connected via a voltage source (1, 2) and the two Hall generators (33, 37) having series circuit (36, 33, 37, 38) is controlled between from which the base voltage is removed.

6. ignition arrangement according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the bias of the second transistor (20) in the sense of blocking its emitter-collector circuit Adding a voltage taken from the output of the second transistor (20) increases which increases as the ignition voltage pulses increase.

7. Ignition arrangement according to claim 1, with a device for the automatic pre-ignition adjustment and wherein the phase of the pulses generated by the pulse generator (13-20) with respect to the voltage changes generated by the bridge network (33-38) is influenced by a control voltage, thereby characterized in that part of the output pulse voltage of the pulse generator (13-20) is integrated to produce a voltage which changes with the pulse frequency and that this integrated voltage is fed back to the pulse generator (13-20) in relation to said phase of its output pulses to control the voltage changes generated by the bridge network (33-38).

8. ignition arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the bias of the second Transistor (20) changed in the same way as the opening of the throttle valve of the engine and this change in bias counteracts the integrated voltage.

1 sheet of drawings