DE1462432C - System for the production of subtitles for television programs - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to a system for the video signal has two consecutive

Production of subtitles for television broadcasts switched electronic gates, being at the entrance

with a subtitle carrier from one with the lower one the visual signal coming from the camera

strip printed on the title, a motor to the front and the first gate during the unlocking

slide the strip and a control signal generator 5 pulses is opened while the second gate

to start and stop the engine. during the simultaneous presence of two

It is often desirable in television pictures to open closed captioning pulses, one of which is a pulse

to be displayed. This is because of the time saved in which each raster image and one pulse per line are generated.

Preparation of the program, due to the fact that the system according to the invention can

that the program carrying medium, e.g. B. the film, ίο video signal of the subtitle with the video signal of the

is not changed, and because of the possibility of the program being mixed so that the

To provide direct broadcasts with subtitles, especially monitor letters of the subtitles in black

which is advantageous. or knows or what a convenient reading of the

It is the object of the invention to provide a simple and subtitle independent of the local brightness convenient to use facility for making 15 of the program image is preferable, white and To create subtitles in which the signal of the is provided with a black border, Subtitles at the desired times and or vice versa. For this purpose, according to the invention contains During a desired period of time, the system fades in a device for mixing the visualization can. signal of a program and the visual signal of the

According to the invention, this object is achieved by 20 subtitles with a mixer stage to which on the one hand triggers that through a receiving the strip the visual signal of the program and on the other hand Camera, which is equipped with a control unit, impulses are applied, the sign of which corresponds to the sign that of the camera the image blanking and synchronizing the modulation of the system is opposite, and signal as well as the horizontal and vertical deflection signals in synchronism with the pulses of the sight feeds, a first amplifier, which is connected to the control signal of the subtitle, so that on the grid one unit is connected and the letters of the subtitles are black from the camera monitor, transmitted signals, one to this first The mixing device contains appropriately before the Amplifier connected gate circuit arrangement mixer stage a delay line for delay / with inputs for the image blanking and synchronizing the impulses of the visual signal, which in'der mixer stage signal, for the vertical deflection signal and for a control signal transmitter that corresponds to the modulation of the system issued unlock signal, which are superimposed on the characters, and an arrangement the reading time of the subtitle determines, a second, to delay the trailing edge of the pulses connected to the gate circuit arrangement of the visual signal, which is superimposed with a character stronger and through a second amplifier which corresponds to the modulation of the system. connected program subtitle mixer 35 is opposite, so that on the grid of a monitor with an input for the video signal of the program, the letters of the subtitle white with a left whose output signal transmitted to the broadcasting center appears in black border, will. The invention is hereinafter referred to

In the system according to the invention, the setup is explained on the drawing by way of example,

device for recording and attaching the subtitles 40 F i g. 1 is a perspective view of an inventive

of the subtitle in front of the camera easy to use

and not very bulky. The owner of the subtitles will headlines for television programs;

thereby by a zigzag folded strip F i g. 2 is a block diagram of the plant of FIG

educated. In a particular embodiment of FIG. 1;

Invention, the carrier of the subtitles runs on a 45 F i g. 3 is a top plan view of a portion of a

Drive roller, with which a stepping mechanism the subtitle-bearing strip, which of the system

is combined. the F i g. 1 belonged to; -

In addition, the system according to the invention contains F i g. 4 shows a circuit diagram of the device for

a device for transmitting the visual signal of the determination of the reading time;

Subtitles with a 50 F i g coming from the camera. Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the device Connection as well as with a connection with a according to Fig. 4 associated device for the car device to determine the opening times of the matic determination of the reading time; Pass-through device. The device for determining Fig. 6 to 14 and 6 'to 14' show the shape of the mation of the opening times of the transmission device '' signals at the point of the various parts of the suitably contains a circuit according to FIG. 5 for a short or a controlled pulse generator for generating entrances subtitles;

Blocking impulses. In a preferred embodiment, F i g. 15 to 21 show the shape of the signals on the

Form of the invention includes the device for ordering others. Parts of the circuit according to FIG. 5;

Mood of the opening times of the delivery device F i g. 22 shows a block diagram of the device

device an arrangement for analyzing the length of the 60 to determine the reading time;

Subtitles, which repetitive impulses change F i g. 23 is a circuit diagram of the apparatus for

licher duration as a function of the length of the subtitle control of the advance of the subtitles;

generated, which the duration of the unlocking pulses F i g. 24 to 31 show the shape of the signals on the

determine, preferably in synchronism place of different elements of the circuit

with the pulses for perpendicular synchronization. 65 according to FIG. 22;

With the system according to the invention, sub-F i g. 32a and 32b show a circuit diagram of the video title in selected areas of the image of the program gate amplifier; be displayed. The device for passing F i g. 33 to 51 show the shape of the signals on the

3 4

Location of the various parts of the circuit according to The system also contains a unit 23 for con-

F i g. 32; troll the camera which signals to the camera

F i g. 52 shows a block diagram of the video gate for horizontal and vertical scanning, for

Amplifier with drawing of the electronic settings, composite synchronization and

development of the picture position; 5 keys transmits, which you can use the lines 23a,

F i g. 53 and 55 show a circuit diagram of mixer 23b, 23c and 23d receives.

device for mixing »subtitle program«; The unit 23 also transmits from the camera

\ F i g. 54 shows the shape of a mixed signal; transmitted signals to a first arrangement, which

F i g. 56 shows a circuit of an embodiment, an output amplifier 24, visual preamplifier,

Modification of the mixing device for mixing called io, forms.

»Subtitle Program«; Those exiting from the output amplifier 24

Fig. 54 'shows the shape of the mixed signal when signals are transmitted on the one hand by a line 25 and Use of the circuit according to FIG. 56; -a two-pole toggle switch 26 on a sight-

F i g. 57 is a principle block diagram of the mixer monitor 38 or a terminating resistor 39

device for mixing »subtitle program«. 15 and through a line 27 to an arrangement 28

transmitted, which is called "video gate amplifier"

1. General explanation of the system _{and the} task of entering the subtitles in lines 29

Let the system according to the invention and 30 only be in radio communication during certain periods of time.

for the production of main parts forming subtitles tion the reading time of each subtitle by a

and its operation with reference to FIG. 1 20 signal to be passed, which is caused by an

to 3 explains what these various parts order 31 depends on via a line 32, the

be described in more detail. subtitles going on these lines 29 and 30

The subtitles are blackened with a typewriter and electronically placed in a certain position zen letters on a strip 1 of imattem, in particular written as a function of the combined white paper, which, as appended at 2, indicates the synchronization signal 33 and the plumb line, punched along each longitudinal edge and right sync signal 34 zigzag folded around the video signal. Each subtitle contains the camera 7 only during certain times in a maximum of two lines, and the letters have to transmit with reference to the synchronization signals,
same width. The distance α between the last Through the line 30 the subtitle signal arrives at the lines of the successive subtitles (only 30 in a second arrangement, which is called an "amplifier lines in the case of subtitles with a single line for outputting the cleaned subtitles") is constant. Output amplifier 35 forms from which the signal

The system is essentially in the form of a line 36 and the changeover switch 26 on the one hand Frame 3, in which the apparatus and circuits the vision monitor 38 or a terminating resistor are arranged. So in the middle section 35 40 and on the other hand a mixed arrangement »program des Frame on a slidably displaceable con-subtitle 41 on which the picture oil 4 a machine 5 is attached, which a write signal of the program arrives through the line 42, machine resembles, but has no keyboard, and and from which a composite signal »image whose roller 6 prepares the strip 1 + subtitle "carrying the subtitles" to an output amplifier one z. B. the Vidikonbauart having remote 40 end arrangement 43 goes off. A first goes from there vision camera 7 passes. The roller 6 of the machine 5 line 44 to a final switching center of the has two rows of teeth 8 on the circumference, which broadcast and a second line 45 to a sight the holes 2 of the strip 1 engage in order to monitor the program 46 from it. Through lines 47, propel without sliding. The machine 5 has 48 monitors 38 and 46 with an oscilloscope Electric motor to drive the roller 6, which 45 graphs 49 connected, which depending on the position by means of a switch 60 energized is the switch 26 by the monitor 38 or and the roller represents the signal passing through the monitor 46 via a signal from an electromagnet 10, controlled ratchet clutch 9 drives so that the mixer assembly 41 contains electronic power roller is switched forward step by step. At the end, circles to form black borders the shaft of the roller 6 is a knob 11 for turning 50 for the white letters of the subtitles so that they attached to the roller. Under the machine 5 is visible on a receiver, namely ent-.Gestell 1 a slide 12 with two containers 13, 14 neither to the left of the letters, or to the right, or arranged. The strip 1, whose subtitles from the left and right, it is also possible to full-camera 7 are to be scanned is in the continuous black or completely white letters container 13 housed. The strip will get over the 55.

The roller is guided by means of a guide rod 15 and the system contains a generator 50 for this purpose under the guidance of a second rod 16 generation of a sinusoidal signal of 5 kHz, ' in . the front container 14 is stored. The through-machine is based on the duration of the passage of the vibrations is on the side facing the camera 7, the duration of a subtitle via the antenna white trim provided with a window 18. The system also contains an arrangement 51 Cover 17 attached, the strip 1 between the automatic determination of the reading time, d. H. the roller 6 and the cover 17 passes through. for the automatic determination of the transit time

Undervoltage 'the chain of the camera of the signal of 5 kHz corresponding to the length of the

or the vidicon, setting the stream of successive subtitles. This arrangement 51

The bundle of the vidicon and the setting of the span 65 receives on the one hand the perpendicular synchronizing signal

tion of the target of the vidicon take place through the line 34 and on the other hand the video signal

Help from in FIG. 1 labeled 19 to 22 - of the subtitle, the length of which is to be scanned,

terns and buttons. ... through line 29. A changeover switch 52 effects in

5 6

the in F i g. 2, the shutdown signal of 5 kHz to the video gate amplifier 28

Settlement of the arrangement 51 intended for automatic determination.

Mood of the reading time while he is in his second The device in question thus contains a

Position enables this arrangement. A generator for generating a sinusoidal signal A standing two-pole 5 with a frequency of 5 kHz is provided by an operator. The sinusoidal signal

Switch 54 works in the closed position and is continuously switched by an oscillator RC

Generated via the arrangement 50, the beginning of the pass-through transistor T ₁ of the npn type, the

period of the signal of 5 kHz through a line 58. Resistors and capacitors with JR ₁ to R _e or

When the changeover switch 52 is in position C ₁ to C ₄ and finds the overall arrangement in which it switches off the arrangement 51 between a body leakage line L ₁ and an open circuit

("Manual operation"), it is the operator who has switched the -10 V line L ₂ .

by releasing the switch 54 the end of the through- The sinusoidal signal is generated via a potentiometer

the signal of 5 kHz. The meters P ₁ for controlling the gain factor and

The operator determines not only the beginning, a capacitor C _{5 applied} to the base of a transistor T ₂ but also the duration of the passage of each 15 of the type npn.

Subtitle and the advance of the next sub- The base of transistor T ₂ is also on a

titeis at the end of the reading time in progress. Resistor jR ₈ to a line L _{3 brought to -24 V}

When the changeover switch 52 is in the position of and via a resistor R ₉ between the emitter

When the arrangement 51 is switched on ("automatic a transistor T ₃ and an operation connected to the same line L ₃ "), the operator controls it through a resistor R ₁₀ connected to it. The issuer

Brief actuation of the switch marks the beginning of the transition of the transistor T ₂ is one with the primary winding

input of the signal of 5 kHz and the passage time output transformer T- _x connected which

this signal as a function of the length of each in turn with a line L _{4 brought to -10 V}

Subtitle and finally the feed of the next one. The collector of transistor T ₂ is with

Subtitle at the end of the ongoing 25 of a body end line L ₅ via an arrangement

Reading time. RnC ₆ connected.

Three switches 55, 56, 57 allow the signal from The device also contains transistors T ₄ , T ₅ , 5 kHz from line 58 from either the arrangement T ₆ and T ₇ , which their bias voltage via counter 31 to control the advance of the subsections .R ₁₁ bis, R ₂₅ received. The transistors T ₅ , T ₆ / title-bearing strip 1, or at the same time this 30 form a bistable arrangement (or flip-flop circuit). The base of the transistor T has the base of the transistor T ₁ control enabled. If at the moment the Sen- body _{short-circuit across the resistor A 11} and the line is used, which the signals 35 device L ₁ . The transistor is therefore blocked, and the has recorded for feed control needs toggle switch T ₅ , T ₆ is in the rest position only the switch 57 to be closed so that the (T ₅ blocked, T ₆ conductive). The voltage at the wave train of 5 kHz, which is drawn on the collector, of the arrangement gate of the transistor Γ _β then has a value such that the voltage 31 can be supplied, in which case the transistor T _{z is} blocked. This will put the parts 50, 51 and 54 out of operation ₄₀ base of transistor T _{2 more} negative than its emitter, so can. The magnetic recording of the signals that the transistor T _{2 is} blocked. When the operator closes the switch 54, a recording strip of a magnetoscope (where the resistor .R _{11 is} connected through the line L ₂ with then the reserve track for the recording of -10 V. The transistor T ₄ is unlocked , Wave trains of 5 kHz is used), or on a ₄₅ the arrangement T ₅ , T ₆ flips, the transistors T ₃ as well as a magnetic strip take place, which synchronously T ₂ are unlocked, and the sinusoidal signal is accompanied by a recording on a movie . 5 kHz is at the terminals of a resistor R ₂₆

The circuits of the arrangement 31 convert any available. If the operator releases the switch 54 group of sinusoidal signals in groups of, the initial state is restored, impulses with steep edges, the duration of which is equal to 50, with the transistor T ₂ blocked. the reading time of a subtitle. When the switch 52 is in the position for the edge of each pulse causes the excitation "automatic operation" and the operation of a relay, whose contacts on the one hand and the person closes the switch 54, discharges a line 59 the excitation of the Electromagnet 10 for a resistance i? ₂₇ to -24 V charged capacitor stepping of the roller 6 of the machine 5 around a ₅₅ capacitor C ₇ in the coil of a relay R ₁ . The contact Rl ₁ step, ie the advance of a subtitle, and this relay closes and sets the connection on the other hand the disappearance of the rectified between a capacitor C charged via a resistor R ₂₈ to -10 V voltage of the 5 kHz signal in the arrangement 31 _8, on the one hand, to the counteracting, whereby the video gate arrangement 28 is blocked R ₁₁ and, on the other hand, to a capacitor C ₉ . 60 ago. This capacitor C ₉ is through the condenser

The most important of the C ₈ indicators above are charged to -10 V below. The resistor R ₁₁

Orders described in more detail. is through the contact Rl ₁ and the resistor R _is

. _Λ,. ,. _, ^. j. ,,. connected to -10V. The transistor T _{4 is}

2. Device for determining the reading time _{locks) and the sinusoidal signal of} 5 _{kHz goes}

(.M g. 4 to 22) g _{5 durCQ den} jransisto ,. j ^ _w j _{e 0} ^ _εη explained.

As explained in paragraph 1 of the description, as soon as the capacitor C _{7 has} discharged, is

the passage time of a subtitle via the to the relay Rl _{1 is} de-energized and the connection between

_{The capacitors C 8} , C _{9 are} interrupted by the transit time of a sinusoidal. The tran-

7 8

However, sistor T _i still remains during a certain period, the greater the number of letters in the subtitle.

Time as a result of the voltage at the terminals of the The time constant of the detector stage is selected so that

capacitors C ₉ unlocked. This discharges itself over the fact that it is smaller than the duration of all impulses one

Transistor T ₁ , which is normally blocked, but has a long subtitle. Between the

at the base of impulses with the repetition rate 5 following impulses charging it the con-

frequency of 50 Hz (frequency of the raster scanning) capacitor C _{14 is} not discharged, since during the integration

variable width are applied, which the transition periods the two transistors T ₁₁ and T ₁₂ , with

Unlock sistor. The generation of these pulses to which the capacitor C _{14 is} connected is blocked

variable width is explained below. Here are. v, ;;; ·

it only needs to be stated that the width of these impulses is too 10

the length of the subtitle is inversely proportional, subtitles with two full lines of time required

d. H. for a short subtitle the pulses are less than double that for reading a line

is a comparatively greater width than the width of the time required, it was possible to make an arrangement

Impulse sleeve for a long subtitle, so that for one with a resistor R ₃₉ , a potentiometer P ₃

short subtitles to provide the discharge time of the capacitor C ₉ 15 and a diode D ₂ , which between the

is shorter than for a long subtitle. If the line L ₇ and the connection between the potential

Voltage at the terminals of the capacitor T ₉ tiometer P ₂ and the capacitor C _{14 is} connected.

is smaller than a certain value, the Tran- This arrangement is to the line L ₇ the pulses

_{sistorr 4} blocked, the trigger circuit T ₅ , T _e returns in derive, the number of which exceeds the number that

the rest position back, and the transistor T ₂ is required 20 to the voltage of the capacitor C ₁₄

locked. bring to a predetermined value, which in

With reference to FIG. 5 negative sense the output voltage of the potentiometer

explains how the pulses of variable width in meters exceeds _{P 3.} At this moment is namely

Function of the length of the subtitle generated, the diode D ₂ conductive,

which control the transistor Γ. '25 For transferring the charge on capacitor C ₁₄

The composite view and synchronization, the transistor T ₁₁ must be unlocked periodically,

signal, which from the video gate amplifier through this, the existing in the line E are

the line M exits, the line D and signals for perpendicular synchronization via the

a capacitor C ₁₀ and a resistor R _{M of} the capacitor Cu on the base of a transistor T ₁₃

Base of the first of three transistors T _s , T ₉ , T ₁₀ trains- 30 transmitted, which through resistors R ~ _m R _a , R _i2 ,

leads, the resistors and capacitors to the Er- R ₄₃ between a _{short-circuit line L 8} and a

generation of preload with R ₃₀ to i? ₃₇ or C _{1 I, line L 9} brought to -10 V is biased

to C ₁₂ and receives between a body contact. The transistor is turned on for the duration of the

line L ₆ and a - 10 V brought line L ₇ pulses for vertical synchronization unlocked and

are switched. 35 transmits these impulses after amplification and

The transistor T _s is independent of the provision of its mark on the base of the transistor

presence of the signal in the line D conductive and T _n through the line A via a resistor R ₁₁

is in the saturation state, so that the syn and a capacitor C ₁₅ .

chronisiersignale, which the base of the transistor during each over the line A transmits

make it even more negative, be limited, so that only 40 genes impulse, the transistor T _{11 is} unlocked, and

the visual signals of the opposite sign an an the capacitor C ₁₄ discharges to a condenser

effect change of the collector current and as a result of Sator C ₁₆ , the transistor T ₁₇ . during this

their transmission in the form of negative impulses is still blocked for a period of time, as described below

is explained via the capacitor C ₁₁ to the base of the transistor. The capacitance of the capacitor C ₁₄ is

T ₉ arrive. This transistor is normally considerably larger than the capacitance of the capacitor

blocks, the above pulses unblock it and cause C ₁₆ , so that the duration of the unblocking time of the tran-

the flow of a collector current, which in posi- sistor T _{11 is} smaller than that for the complete discharge

tive sense of about -10 ° V for such a value of the capacitor C ₁₆ is:

(z. B. -3 V) goes that these pulses block _{the normal experience of the remaining charge of the capacitor C 14} before conducting transistor T _10. As a result, 5 ° beginning of the arrival of charges at this condenser

is during the duration of each impulse of the viewer, which of the view signals of the next

Signal arfdem the collector of the transistor T ₁₀ a signal raster image originate, 'a delay request

with a constant amplitude of about -10 V order, which is the signal to the perpendicular

accessible. Synchronization delayed by 0.3 ms, which

In Fig. 6 to 9, the shape of the signals is _{unlocked for every 55 rend 1 ms the transistor T 12} , via which the transistors T ₈ to UT ₁₀ are shown, which in and via a resistor R _i5 the remaining charge of the period between two successive signals capacitor R _{u is} discharged,
for perpendicular synchronization are present, whereby this delay arrangement contains two transiches F i g. 6 to 9 on a subtitle with a transistor T ₁₄ , T ₁₅ , which through the resistors i? _4e single line and FIG. 6 'to 9' on a two- 60 to R _{i9 biases are} issued. Refer to the line subtitle. "Emitter of the transistor T ₁₃ signal present (Fig. 16)

Each pulse of constant amplitude and negative negative sign is passed through a capacitor C ₁₇

Character is differentiated through a capacitor C ₁₃ to one and a resistor R ₅₀ , as a result of the

Detector stage with a capacitor C ₁₄ , a bias of the transistor T _14, however, only unlocks

Resistor A ₃₈ , a potentiometer P ₂ and a 65 on the trailing edge with a positive rise

Diode D ₁ transmitted, so that the transistor T _{14 of} the type npn,

Sator C ₁₄ accumulates a charge which increases during 0.4 ms, during that on the leading edge

is greater, the greater the number of pulses and thus differentiated pulse in the line L ₉ via the

Diode D _{3 is} discharged. The pulse present at the collector of the transistor T ₁₄ is differentiated again by a capacitor C ₁₈ and a resistor JR ₅₁ , and due to the bias of the transistor T _15, only the pulse differentiated on the trailing edge unlocks the transistor T ₁₅ , while the one on the leading edge differentiated pulse in the line L ₉ through the diode D _{4 is} discharged. At the collector of the transistor T _{15 there} is a negative sign pulse which begins 0.3 ms after the end of each pulse for the perpendicular synchronization and lasts 1 ms (FIG. 15). It is this pulse which is transmitted through the line B to the base of the transistor T ₁₂ via a resistor R ₅₂ and a capacitor C _19. The shape of the signal at the emitter of transistor T ₁₁ is shown in FIGS. 10 and 10 '. From 0, the voltage of the emitter increases during the increase in the voltage of the capacitor C ₁₄ and as a function thereof, with a section of constant magnitude for the signal corresponding to a two-line subtitle (Fig _; 10 ') which depends on the time period for the sampling of the between the space of the subtitle lying between the two lines and during which the voltage of the capacitor C ₁₄ does not change. At the moment of the pulse of the signal for perpendicular synchronization, the voltage of the emitter of the transistor T ₁₁ decreases as a result of the discharge of part of the charge on the capacitor C ₁₄ to the capacitor C ₁₆ . At the end of the pulse for vertical synchronization and for 0.3 ms, the discharge of the capacitor C _{16 is} interrupted until the pulse arriving via the line B , which unlocks the transistor T ₁₂ and in 1 ms the complete discharge of the charge on the capacitor C ₁₆ and thus the return of the emitter voltage of the transistor! T ₁₁ to 0. At the collector of the transistor T ₁₁ , the signal has the one shown in FIG. 11 and 11 'shown shape. The level of this signal is determined by the voltage of the capacitor C ₁₆ and is more negative in the case of a long subtitle than in the case of a short subtitle.

The perpendicular synchronization signals are also used to generate a sawtooth signal. For this purpose, the signals for vertical synchronization are fed through a line F and an arrangement C ₂₀ , R _{55 to} the base of a transistor T ₁₆ , the bias of which is determined by resistors R ₅₃ , R ₆₀ , R _5i , and unlock the transistor. A capacitor C ₂₁ and a resistor R _{56 are} connected between the collector of the transistor T ₁₆ and the short-circuit line L _6. The resistor R ₅₃ is considerably larger than the resistor JR ₅₆ , so that when the transistor T _{16 is} not conductive, the voltage of the capacitor C ₂₁ and the collector of the transistor T _{10 is} considerably higher than -10 V and about -2 V amounts to. When the transistor T ₁₆ conducts, the voltage at the collector of the transistor T ₁₆ suddenly increases, and the capacitor C ₂₁ discharges through this transistor. At the end of the pulse for perpendicular synchronization, the same capacitor C ₂₁ charges itself again through resistors R ₅₃ , R ₅₆ , whereby the voltage of the collector is gradually and exponentially brought to about -2 volts. A signal is thus obtained at the collector of transistor T ₁₆ , the form of which is shown in FIG. 21 is shown. The signal is applied to the base of a transistor T ₁₇ , the collector of which, together with the collector of a transistor T _{18, is biased} by a resistor R ₅₁ , while the emitters of these two transistors are biased by resistors R _5S and JR ₅₉ , respectively. The collector signal of the transistor T _{11 is} applied to the base of the transistor T ₁₈ via a potentiometer P _4.

The transistor T ₁₇ is normally conductive, so that you can find the sawtooth-shaped signal at its collector, the direct current level through the

ίο transistor T _{18 is} set, which is normally blocked and only becomes conductive when the capacitor C ₁₆ receives a charge. The more negative this charge and thus the longer the subtitle, the greater the emitter-collector current of the transistor T ₁₈ and the less negative the collector _{voltage of the transistor T 18} (see FIGS. 12 and 12) 12 ').

The collector signal of the transistors T ₁₈ and T ₁₁ is transmitted through a line C and a resistor R ₆₁ to a flip-flop circuit with two transistors T ₁₉ , T ₂₀ , the bias _{voltages of} which are generated by the resistors R ₆₂ to R 65 and of which the transistor T ₂₀ normally conducts, while transistor T _{19 is} only enabled when its base voltage is more negative than -4.4 volts. Since the transistor T ₁₅ conducts, the transistor T _{19 is} blocked, and a signal is obtained at the collector of the transistor T ₂₀ , the form of which is shown in FIGS. 13 and 13 '. It has the repetition frequency of 50 kHz (frequency of the signal of the vertical bias voltage) and is a rectangular pulse increasing in the negative sense, the width T ₁ or T _{2 of} which represents the unlocking time of the transistor T ₇ and the shorter the subtitle, the greater This signal is applied in succession to two transistors T ₂₁ , T ₂₂ , the bias voltage of which is generated by resistors R ₆₆ to R _6S and which set the level of the signal to a constant value, whereupon the signal through a line G- ^; is transferred to the transistor T ₇ .
It should be noted that the potentiometers P ₂ , P ₄ regulate the range of the reading time, which is selected between one second for a very short title and a _{maximum value of 5 seconds, which can be set using the potentiometer P 3} , for a subtitle with the greatest length.

F i g. 22 shows a block diagram of the device for determining the reading time. The reference numeral 80 designates the stage of the generator for generating the 5 kHz signal with a transistor T ₁ , the output of which is applied to a gate 81 (transistor T ₂ ), with an unlocking signal coming from the gate pulse generator 82 either during the closing period of the switch 54 when the switch 52 is in the position for manual operation, or during the unlocking of the arrangement 83 with the transistor T ₇ in function of the generator 84 for generating pulses of variable width according to the length of the subtitle, which the transistors T ₁₆ , T ₁₇ , T ₁₉ to T _{22 is} applied. If the switch 52 is in the position for 'automatic operation, a signal is applied to the generator 84, which comes from the integrating stage 85, which in particular contains the capacitors C ₁₃ , C ₁₆ , which a voltage as a function of the length of the subtitle generate, the signal of the same coming from the video gate amplifier 26 being applied to a stage 86 containing _{the transistors T 8} , T ₉ , T _{10 for limiting the amplitude.}

3. Device for feed control of the
Subtitles (Figs. 23 to 31)

On the one hand, this device is intended to provide a control pulse for opening the video gate amplifier 28 if it is present of the signal of 5 kHz at the output of the device for determining the reading time and on the other hand when this impulse disappears, a signal is generated, which the advancement of the subtitles bearing strip 1 caused by a certain length.

For this, at H , the process shown in FIG. 4 is applied to the base of a transistor T ₂₃ , the bias voltage of which is produced by resistors R ₇₀ to R _{73 connected between a short-circuit line L 10} and a line L _{11 brought to -10 V.} At the collector of the transistor T ₂₃ one finds a in FIG. 25 amplitude-limited signal shown. This signal is rectified by an arrangement with two diodes D ₅ , D ₆ , a resistor R _7i and two capacitors C ₂₅ , C ₂₆ . The rectified signal, the form of which is shown in FIG. 26, is applied through the line / in the manner explained below on the one hand to the input of the video gate amplifier 28 and on the other hand via a resistor R ₇₅ to the base of a transistor T ₂₁ , which is connected to a transistor T _{25 forms} a flip-flop circuit, the bias of which by the resistors i? ₇₆ until R _is generated like this. A negative pulse is present at the collector of transistor T ₂₅ (FIG. 27), the duration of which is equal to the passage time of the signal of 5 kHz (FIG. 27). This pulse is differentiated by an arrangement C ₂₆ , A ₈₁ , R _B2 , and the amplitude of its leading edge is _{limited by a diode D 7} while. its rear flank is let through. The signal shown in FIG. 28 is applied to the base of a transistor J ₂₆ which, with a transistor T _27, forms a monostable multivibrator, the bias voltage of which is generated by the resistors R _s2 to R _S7 and a capacitor C ₂₇ . At the collector of transistor T ₂₆ , on the rear edge of the unlocking signal, a pulse with a duration of 0.1 second ( FIG _{. 29) is obtained, which is sufficient to operate a relay Rl 2} , which actuates the electromagnet 10 for step-by-step advancement the roller of the machine 5 carrying the strip 1 with the subtitles. The relay Rl ₂ has a normally open contact, Rl ₂ , which connects the line / to the body, which blocks the video gate amplifier 29 during the advance of the subtitles. • This' relay _{Rl 2} is located in the collector circuit of _{a transistor T 29} (F ig. 31), the bias voltage is generated by the resistors R _as , R $ ₉ and which is acted upon by the signal which is sent to the emitter of a transistor J _{28 is} present, the bias voltage of which is generated by a resistor R _m and the signal emerging from the flip-flop circuit T ₂₆ , T ₂₇ is applied to its base via an arrangement with a capacitor C ₂₈ , a resistor A ₉₀ and a diode D _8.

The diode D ₉ present in the collector circuit of the transistor T ₂₈ is intended to absorb the voltage peak resulting from the self-induction of the relay _{Rl z.} . ,,., _ ...

4. Video scorers

(F i g. 32 to 52)

This amplifier aims to keep the subtitle during one of the periods described in point 2 of the description

65 let through the device for a certain time, electronically give the correct position to the subtitle, and finally extract a signal from the video signal of the vidicon camera 7 that has been freed from the subtitle.

For this purpose (see FIG. 32) the visual signal as well as the synchronizing signal coming from the camera and fed by a line / is applied to an isolating stage, which has a transistor T ₃₀ , capacitors C ₃₅ , C ₃₆ and resistors i? _{100 to .R 103} , which are connected between a short-circuit line _{L 15} and a line brought to -10 V, namely at the input of a diode bridge D ₁₀ to D ₁₃ . The diodes D ₁₀ to D ₁₃ are biased on the one hand by resistors .R ₁₀₄ , i? ₁₀₅ , a diode D ₁₄ and resistors, R ₁₀₇ , JR ₁₀₆ , R ' _m , R [' _m , R ₁₁₀ , which are connected between the line L ₁₅ and two lines L ₁₇ , L ₁₈ brought to -24 V, and on the other hand through a resistor, R ₁₀₈ and a diode D ₁₅ , resistors i? ₁₀₉ ,, R ₁₁₀ , .R ₁₀₅ , a capacitor C ₃₇ and resistors, R ₁₁₅ , .R ₁₁₆ .

Furthermore, the signal /, which comes from the device for controlling the feed of the subtitles (point 3 of the description) and contains negative pulses, the duration of which is a function of the reading time of the subtitle, is applied to the base of a transistor T ₃₁ , which is connected to a transistor T. ₃₂ and the resistors R ₁₁₁ to A _{114 forms} a trigger circuit. The reverse bias signals, which emerge at the collectors of the transistors T ₃₁ , T ₃₂ in the presence of negative pulses at the base of the transistor T ₃₁ , block the diodes D ₁₄ , D ₁₅ , so that the diodes D ₁₀ to D _{13 become} conductive and let through the signal present at the emitter of transistor T _33. This transistor, biased by a resistor i? _{ne is} generated is connected in a collector circuit in order to apply a low output impedance to the next stage. The signal present at the emitter of the transistor T ₃₃ is transmitted via an arrangement .R ₁₁₇ , C ₃₈ to the base of a transistor T _{34 combined with a transistor T 35} .

The base of the transistor T _3i is connected to an arrangement for the production of a fixed permanent bias or the restoration of the black level, which acts on the back step of each pulse for the horizontal synchronization to the base of the transistor at any amplitude of the video signal to a fixed Bring potential.

The clamping pulses are generated as follows: The composite synchronizing signal entering the video gate amplifier through a line K is applied to the base of a transistor T ₃₆ after differentiating ^ by an arrangement C ₃₉ , R ₁₁₈ . Only the rear differentiated front of the synchronization signal appears reversed at the collector of the transistor T ₃₆ (see FIGS. 33, 34, 35). This signal is integrated by an arrangement C ₄₀ , .R ₁₁₉ and via an arrangement C ₄₁ , i? _{120 is applied} to the base of a transistor T ₃₇ , the bias voltage of which is generated _{by a resistor A 120.} When the transistor T ₃₇ receives the pulse with a negative sign from the transistor T ₃₆ , it becomes conductive and temporarily applies the _{signal coming from the transistor T 33} via the capacitor C ₄₂ and a short-circuit line L ₁₉ to the body. A voltage divider with a resistor R _ni and a potentiometer P ₁₅ allows the level of the _{DC voltage signal coming from the transistor T 37} to be set.

Viii -

13 14

The visual signal applied to transistor T ₃₄ can pass a resistor R ₁₃₇ to the base of a transistor

T _{45 is} only applied during the blocking times of transistor T ₃₅ . This signal has the in FIG. 41 shown

get into the video gate amplifier. This blocked form.

times determine an electronic framework for the transistors T ₃₉ , T ₄₅ are supposed to

Mix the subtitle as a function of the signal to the vertical 5 called "opening signals". These transistors

Synchronization and in function of the signal to are connected in cascade, so that the signals sent to the base of the

horizontal synchronization. The electronic transistor J ₃₉ applied pulses to this transistor

The frame is a function of the geometric position of the only during the unlocking times of the transistor

Subtitle determined in relation to the camera. Unlock T _45. That at the emitter of the transistor T ₃₉

The electronic frame is made up of an existing mixed opening signal as follows: First, the signal becomes a vertical connecting circle with a capacitor C ₅₄ and a synchronization after differentiation by a resistor P ₁₃₈ to an amplitude limiting arrangement R ₁₂₂ , C ₄₃ , P ₁₆ applied to the base of a transistor T ₄₆ , the bias of which is applied through the transistor T ₃₆ , which is generated with a transistor T ₃₇ resistors R ₁₃ Q, R ₁₄₀ , C ₅₅ and to its and the resistors R ₁₂₃ to R ₁₂₇ as well with the 15 collector the opening mixed signal has the form shown _{in FIG. 42 capacitor C 44 a monostable multivibrator.} This signal is sent to that which influences the trailing edge of the pulse for the base of transistor T ₃₅ (FIG. 43), whose preload right synchronization. The collector of the transistor T ₃₆ (FIG. 37) present at the voltage generated by the resistors R ₁₄₁ to P ₁₄₃ is applied in such a way that, when the opening signal is present, an arrangement R _12S , R ' _{1? I} , C ₄₅ differential pulse this transistor T _{35 is} blocked, rented and connected to the base of a transistor T ₃₈ while the transistor T ₃₄ opens, which sets the one with a transistor T ₃₈ and the resistive passage the at the base of the transistor T ₃₄ projectors R ₁₂₉ to .R ₁₃₄ and with the capacitor C ₄₆ existing visual signal with a fixed level to a forms a monostable multivibrator, which causes _{the transistor T 47.}

trailing edge of the negative square pulse with 25 In F i g. 44 to 51 can be seen influenced for a two-line length of 13 ms, which exits _{the form of the signals at the base of the collector of the transistor T 36 from the subtitle.} At the collector transistor T ₃₀ , which contains the visual signals and the Syntor of the transistor T ₃₈ , one has a signal whose chronisiersignale contain, the form of the signals rm't form in FIG. 38 is shown, which 15 ms from the fixed level at the base of the transistor T ₃₄ , trailing edge of the negative pulse of 3 ms for 30 represents the shape of the signals at the collector of the Trandie perpendicular synchronization calculated from, sistors T _Si , T ₃₅ , whereby only the AbMonitor present during the opening and which when viewing a scanning grid of a blocking time of the transistor T ₃₄ determines the passage of the visual signal or the cut of the signal with a fixed level - the "video signal" of the subtitle according to the height. remains. This signal is in the transistor T ₄₇ ver-This collector _{signal of the transistor T 38} is amplified via 35 and in the black (reverse signal) by a connecting _{capacitor C 47} and a resistor a diode D ₁₆ limited in amplitude, whose biasing .R ₁₃₆ to the base of a transistor T _{39 is} applied. voltage is supplied by resistors A ₁₄₅ , R ₁₄₆ , R _147,

Furthermore, the incoming through the line K as shown in FIG. 47 shown. The signal is now after the composite synchronizing signal, from which passage through an isolating transistor Pv ₄₈ , whose only the pulses for the horizontal synchronization 40 bias voltage are used by the resistors P ₁₄₆ and R ₁₄₇ , after amplitude limitation, is supplied by a transistor T ₄₉ amplified and strengthening and differentiation through the one in the white amplitude _{limited, in its collector order C 48} , .R ₁₃₇ , a transistor T ₄₀ , a counter circuit a potentiometer P ₁₈ for setting the mind P ₁₃₈ and an arrangement C ₄₉ , P ₁₃₉ , .R _{140 by the} gain factor is switched on. The level of the Amfassenden parts at the base of a transistor T ₁₁ amplitude limitation in the white is set by a potential, which is set with a transistor T ₄₂ and the tiometer P ₁₉ , which is in the bias resistors .R ₁₄₁ to Pv ₁₄₄ and with A capacitor circuit of the base of the transistor T ₄₉ between the resistor C ₅₀ forms a monostable multivibrator, if Pv ₁₄₉ and .R _{150 are} switched on. The one on which the trailing edge of the pulse for the horizontal collector of transistor T _{49 is} present, in F i g. 48 right sync affected. The signal shown at the 5 ° is applied to an amplifier stage connected to the collector of the transistor T ₄₂ signal, which the transistors T ₅₀ , T ₅₁ and cons- (Fig. 39) is in the arrangement C ₅₁ , Pv ₁₄₆ , P ₁₇ contains differences Pv ₁₅₁ to Pv ₁₅₅ and a capacitor C ₅₆ rented and connected to the base of a transistor T ₄₂ npn (see FIG. 49, 50).

applied, which is connected to a transistor T ₄₃ npn, the potentiometer P ₁₇ present at the emitter of transistor T ₅₁ and the resistors Pv ₁₄₆ to Pv ₁₅₁ 55 signal is connected to the base of an output _{transistor T 52} forms a monostable multivibrator, which forms the, the loading elements of which comprise a rear flank of the positive rectangular Pv ₁₆₁ , Pv _{162 emerging from the monostable multistage Pv 157} , a capacitor C ₅₇ and resistors vibrator T ₄₁ , T ₄₂ .

impulse with a duration of 9 μ-s . At which in order to the exiting visual signal the synchronizing

Collector of transistor T ₄₁ you have a signal to add 60 siersignal, that is through line K

whose form is shown in Fig. 40, which 9 με incoming composite synchronizing signal

from the trailing edge of the negative pulse from via an arrangement Pv ₁₅₈ , P ₁₅₉ , C ₅₈ to the base of a

42 \ ls duration for the horizontal synchronization from isolating transistor T ₅₃ and applied to the emitter

represents calculated, and which when looking at one of this transistor T ₅₃ again removed from where it

Scanning grid of a monitor shows the passage of the 65 by passive mixing with a capacitor C ₅₉

Video signal of the subtitle in the length direction and resistors P ₁₆₀ , Pv ₁₆₁ , P ₁₆₂ that at the emitter

definitely. This collector signal of the transistor T _{44 of} the transistor T _{52 is} added to the existing visual signal

will have a connection capacitor C ₅₃ and will. The output in a line M

15 16

signal of the video gate amplifier has the in F i g. 51 The composite video signal

shown form. "Program", d. H. that the video signal »program«

In Fig. 52 are shown in the form of a block diagram, the signal and the synchronization signals contained, from various essential stages of the video gate of a line V to an amplifier and isolation amplifier. The reference numeral 100 is applied to 5 transistor T ₅₄ , whose bias and the stage for generating the line opening load element denotes the resistances i? ₁₆₄ to i? ₁₆₈ and signals (opening of transistor T ₄₅ ). These stage capacitors C ₆₀ , C ₆₁ include,
contains essentially the monostable multi- The _{vibrators present at the emitter of transistor T 54} with transistors T ₄₁ , T ₄₂ and T ₄₃ ,! T ₄₄ . _; .Signal is periodically set to a voltage determined by the resistors. Reference numeral 101 denotes the stage for erio R ₁₆₉ , P ₂₀ , R ₁₇₀ via a diode generation of the opening signal of the raster image (opening bridge D ₂₀ to D ₂₃ .

of the transistor T ₃₉ ). This stage essentially contains The opening of the diode bridge D ₂₀ to D ₂₃ is borrowed the monostable multivibrators with the transistors T ₃₆ , T ₃₇ and T ₃₈ , T ₃₉ by the composite synchronization signal. The opening signals are correct, which arrives through a line O and are mixed in the mixer 102 containing the transistors T ₃₉ , T ₄₅ and T ₃₄ , T ₃₅ 15 to an amplitude _{limiting transistor T 55} , whose bias and load characteristics are inserted also at 104 the visual signal with fixed elements the resistances i? ₁₇₁ to R ₁₇₈ , C ₆₂ to C ₆₄ , D ₂₄ level is applied during times which include radio. The signal present at the collector of the transistor T ₅₅ tion of the device for determining the reading time, which signal is determined with respect to the arrival. The visual signal is an output signal reversed, is fed through the arrangement stage 105, which _{differentiates elements for amplitude C 64} , R _17ß , the diode D ₂₄ limiting the black and white with trans-positive peaks of the differentiated Contains synchronizing transistors and diodes T ₄₇ to T ₄₉ , D ₁₆ , from where it cuts signals. The negative peaks, which on the one hand correspond to the amplifier for outputting the trailing edge of the synchronization signal in line 30 and on the other hand in 25, are applied to the base of a transistor T _{56 of} the line 29 of the device for automatic Bias and load determination of the reading time of the subtitles supplied elements in particular the resistors i? ₁₇₇ to i? ₁₈₁ , will. the capacitors C ₆₅ to C ₆₇ and a diode D ₂₅ um-

Numeral 106 denotes a grille to be gripped. A monitor is scanned at the collector of transistor T _56. The signal 107 represents the 30 one of the trailing edge of the synchronizing signal entSignal for horizontal scanning and the signal 108 speaking positive pulses. These pulses represent the line opening signal, while the signal 109 is somewhat integrated by the capacitor C ₆₅ and the signal for the vertical scanning and the signal by the arrangement D ₂₅ , C ₆₇ , A ₁₇₉ , A ₁₈₀ , -R ₁₈₁ with 110 the opening signal of the raster image. Provided with a bias voltage such that all pulses applied to the cut of the opening pulses on the grid delimits 35 base of transistor T ₅₇ to a rectangle 111, which is temporally aligned with the limits of the particular voltage, which here represents the electronic frame of the subtitle . through the voltage divider i? ₁₇₉ , i? ₁₈₀ is fixed to -5 V, with which the cathode of the diode D ₂₅

~ · Is connected. You get at the emitter and the

5. Device for mixing »Subtitle- 4 ° collector of transistor T ₅₇ pulses of the same am-

Program «(Fig. 53 to 57) plitude and m opposite phase, which m with respect to the

Synchronization pulse are delayed. Between the

It should first be noted that the emitter and collector of the transistor T ₅₇ is described

Plant a positive modulation of the high frequency a phase correction arrangement with the parts

signals and that the 45 Qs> Qü> ^ 177 switched on. These impulses will be

the letters of the subtitle seen are white. Via capacitors C ₇₀ , C ₇₁ to the diode bridge D ₂₀

The device is initially applied during loading to D ₂₃ , so that in the presence of im-

certain periods the subtraction of the visual signal pulse the bridge to the base of transistor T ₅₈ on the

(Video signal) »Subtitle« switches from the video signal »Pro-Potentiometer P ₂₀ and the base signal of the

gram «. The result seen on a monitor 50 transistor T ₅₈ on the level of the rear staircase

this subtraction gives an image with a black level of the pulses for horizontal synchronization

Subtitle. specifies. The resistors i? ₁₈₄ to J? ₁₈₇ improve the

The device also effects the addition of the symmetry of the diode bridge D ₂₀ to D ₂₃ and the totality of the video signal "subtitles" after the signal resulting from the level setting has been delayed by 0.2 μβ. The device remains.

The signal with a fixed level is delayed in Tran duration, which is equal to the time which is _{amplified between the transistors T 58} , T ₅₉ , whose bias and leading edge of the pulse of the one black Load elements resistances i? ₁₈₈ to i? ₁₉₀ and subtitle corresponding signal and the front capacitors C _7i , C ₇₅ , the arrangement edge of the pulse of a white subtitle 60 voltage C ₇₅ , R ₁₉₀ forming a high pass,
corresponding ^ signal flows, the trailing edge is the _{pulse of the signal sent to the base of the next transistor T 60} with a fixed level »program + synonymous signal. chronisierung «with positive impulses becomes a signal

The result seen on a monitor superimposed on this, which of the emitter of a transistor both processes gives an image in which _{comes the 65 T 61} , which forms the output transistor of a vertical section of each letter a step described in more detail below. Here black stripe with a 0.2 μβ corresponding only needs to be mentioned that this precedes the emitter of the Tran width. . sistor T ₆₁ existing signal negative impulses

17 18

holds, the leading edge of which forms temporally at the point of the amplitude, whereby the limit level is due to the beginning of the video signal »subtitle«, as determined by the potentiometer, P ₂₂ P ₂₃ ,
through the line U from the video gate amplifier 28 At the collector of the transistor T ₆₉ one obtains exit, and its trailing edge is delayed by 0.2 με compared to the output of the amplitude-limited signal above the end of the video signal »subtitle« 5 »subtitle« which goes negative and is about that. At the base of the transistor T ₆₀ thus can be found elements C _90, P _222, - ^ 223 ^to d ^'s based on an amplifier input signal + video synchronization before that and the inverter transistor T is applied _70th The egg corresponds to a picture which is mixed with black sub-elements. R ₂₂₁ , C _{91 , R 225} , C ₉₂ are arrangements for the titles (blanking, blanking). High frequency compensation or for the generation of a

This amplified signal is found at the emitter 10 bias. That at the collector of the transistor

of transistor T ₆₀ again. The resistors JR ₁₉₁ , P ₁₉₂ T ₇₀ existing signal of constant amplitude is

and the capacitors C ₇₆ form a load on the one hand to the base of an isolating transistor T ₇₁

elements of the transistor T ₆₀ , the arrangement being _{amplified by a potentiometer P 24}

-Κΐ82>. £ _7β forms a high pass. The above, the kung factor applied, from where it is through a line V

Emitter of the transistor T ₆₀ taken signal is 15 and via an integrating circuit C ₉₅ , R ₂₂₆ , R _{227 of} the

superimposed on a signal which is fed through a line Q base of the transistor T ₈₁ (see FIG. 53).

comes from a stage explained in more detail below. The integrating circuit is intended to extend the duration of the to the base

It should only be stated here that the pulse applied in line Q in front of transistor T ₆₁ is reduced by 0.2 ys

Extend the existing signal from the video signal »Subtitle«, d. H. for a duration equal to

speaks, the leading edge of which is delayed by 0.2 μβ. 20 is the time between the leading edge 113

The mixed signal is fed to the base of a tran- this pulse and the leading edge 114 (s.

sistor T ₆₂ through a capacitor C ₇₇ and resistor F i g. 54) corresponding to a white subtitle

stands T ₁₉₃ , Pv ₁₉₄ laid out. The transistor T ₆₂ forms delayed pulse elapses,

with a transistor T ₆₃ an amplifier with an under these conditions normally receives

by an arrangement P ₁₉₄ , C ₇₈ and the parts P ₁₉₅ to 25 blocked transistor T ₆₁ in the presence of a

P ₂₀₅ J the potentiometer P ₂₁ and the capacitors its base applied pulse, ie if there is a

C ₇₉ to C ₈₂ certain negative feedback, where the signal corresponding to a letter,

Arrangement C ₈₁ , P ₁₉₈ a low-pass filter and the arrangement such a bias that it is saturated and

C ₇₈ , P ₁₉₄ forms a high-pass filter, while the potentio- the video signal "program" is set to a negative load /

meter P ₂₁ short-circuits the degree of negative feedback and thus the tension voltage, which corresponds to the 'black level

Overall gain regulates. and through the voltage divider P ₁₆₉ , P ₂₀ ,

The mixed amplified signal is sent to the output P ₁₇₀ .

input stage applied, which transistors! T ₆₄ , T ₆₅ and The present at the collector of transistor T ₁₀ -biasing elements and load elements P ₂₀₂ dene signal is also via a capacitor C ₉₆ to P ₂₀₅ and C ₈₃ , which contains an amplifier with 35 and Resistors P ₂₂₈ , P _{229 form} the basis of a constant separation frequency response. The mixed transistor T _{72 is} applied. This signal is available in an output line S from the emitter. Transistor T ₇₂ is the signal to a delay

The mixed line available in the output line S is applied to delay by 0.2 με, in which signal is shown schematically in FIG. 54. The resistors P ₂₃₀ , P ₂₃₁ and a potentiometer P ₂₅ denote full lines that are connected together, which is the amplitude of the signal applied to the video signal "program" 116. The levels V ₁ , V ₂ , base of an isolating transistor T ₇₃ V ₃ correspond to the infra black or the black regulates, from where it is with the same positive or the white. The "level determination" takes place at the polarity via a resistor P ₂₃₂ , a separating trailing edge 111 of the signals 112 to the horizontal capacitor C ₉₇ and a line Q in the connection synchronization. At that moment / begins the 45 generation between the transistors T ₆₀ , T ₆₂ the combined blanking signal 113 (dashed) and 0.2 μβ later, at t ₂ , set video signal with a fixed level, the video signal "subtitles" 114 (dash-dotted with " Program + Synchronization «is superimposed, a point), the trailing edge 115 of which was together with the trailing edge 116 of the blanking signal on which the blanking signal was already superimposed.
falls. 50 To form subtitles whose on the grid

Referring to FIG. 55 is a black letter seen below the monitor

explains how the signals are obtained, which strips have on each side, it is sufficient to opposite

on the one hand to the transistor 61 to form the blanking signal from the conditions explained above

key signal and on the other hand to the line Q for the (which corresponds to a subtitle, whose on a

Mixing of the delayed video signal "subtitles" 55 monitors seen '' letters are black) by one

be created. To extend time, which corresponds to the width of the

The video signal »subtitle + synchronization« is equivalent to the desired black stripe, e.g. B.

with positive modulation, the output becomes 0.2 μβ.

Output line M of the video gate amplifier to the base For this purpose, the signal present at the collector of the transistor of an amplifier and isolating transistor T _{66 is} applied, 60 T ₇₀ (see <Fig. 55), which the load element resistors P ₂₀₆ bis P ₂₁₁ amplitude-limited video signal "subtitles" with con and capacitors C ₈₄ , C ₈₅ include. The signal present at the constant amplitude, on the one hand (see FIG. 56) at the emitter of the transistor J " ₆₆ , is applied to the base of a transistor T ₇₄ , the front of which is the base of a transistor T ₆₇ , which is connected to voltage and Load elements the condenser transistors T ₆₈ , T ₆₉ and their bias and 65 sator C ₉₈ , the resistors P ₂₃₆ , P ₂₇₃ and two Ver load _{elements P 212} to P ₈₂₁ , the potentiometer pull lines 118, 119 for 0.2 μ each. P ₂₂ , P ₂₃ and the capacitors C ₈₆ to C ₈₈ a connection at the center tap between the delay amplifiers with the limitation of the upper and lower lines 118,119 is the white delayed by 0.2 μ8

Signal of the subtitle removed and over an isolating _{transistor T 75} , the load elements R ₂₃₈ , R ₂₃₉ and C ₉₉ and a line Q ' in the connection between the transistors T ₆₀ and T ₆₂ superimposed on the composite video signal "program + synchronization", which is already the Probe signal was superimposed. This is obtained as follows:

The signal present at the collector of transistor T ₇₀ is also applied to the base of an isolating _{transistor T 76} , the bias and load _{elements of which are capacitors C 100} , C ₁₀₁ and resistors R ₂₄₀ to i? ₂₄₄ include. From the emitter of the transistor T ₇₆ the signal is applied to the base of a transistor T ₇₇ , the emitter of which has a common load resistance R ₂₄₅ with the emitter of a transistor T ₇₈ , at whose base the video signal delayed by 0.4 με "Subtitle" is applied, which comes from the end of the complete delay line via an isolating transistor T ₇₉ and an arrangement with a capacitor C ₁₀₂ and resistors R ₂₄₇ , R _248. The transistors T ₇₇ , T ₇₈ mix the signals applied to their base, which have the same symbol, but have a mutual phase shift of 0.4 μβ. The mixed signal is sent via a capacitor C ₁₀₃ to the base of a transistor T ₈₀ Amplitude limit is applied, the limit level of which can be regulated by means of a potentiometer P _{26 connected to the bias circuit of the base of this transistor T 80.} At the collector of transistor T ₈₀ , with each letter pulse there is a positively directed pulse, the leading and trailing edges of which relate to the leading and trailing edge of the respective the white letter, leads or lags μβ in the direction Q 'existing pulse by 0.2. the collector signal of the transistor T ₈₀ is an isolation stage with a transistor T _81, a resistor R _252, a capacitor C ₁₀₄ and a line U of the integrating stage C ₉₅ , R ₂₂₇ , R ₂₂₆ and the transistor T ₆₁ (FIG. 55), vo n from which the inverted and extended signal is superimposed on the composite video signal with a fixed level "program + synchronization" at the base of the transistor Γ _β0.

In Fig. 54 'the mixed signal is shown, which is in the output line 5 when using the Circuit according to FIG. 55 is available. This signal is different from that shown in FIG Signal only in that the trailing edge of the blanking pulse 116 is delayed by 0.2 μβ.

By modifying the circuit according to FIG. 53 and 55 it is evidently possible to receive subtitles seen on a monitor grid which contain only white letters or only black letters or even only white letters with a black border on the right. In the former case it is sufficient not to use the delay line 117 (FIG _{. 55) and to omit the integrating arrangement C 95} , R ₂₂₇ , R _226. In the second case, it is sufficient to open the line Q and to omit _{the integrating arrangement C 95 , R 227} , R ₂₂₆ . In the third case, it is sufficient not to use the delay line 117 in order not to delay the video signal "subtitle", which is intended to form the positive signal of the subtitle, and to lengthen the video signal "subtitle", which is intended to form the negative Directed signal (blanking signal) is determined.

In Fig. 57 is a block diagram corresponding to the mixing device described in this chapter shown.

A three-pole changeover switch with three positions 180, 180 ', 180 "causes in position 181, 181', 181" the mixture "program subtitles" with production of white, left with a black border provided letters, in the position 182,182 ', 182 "the mixture with production of white letters

ίο with a right and left black border, in the position 183,183 ', 183 "the mixture with production of white letters with a right black border, in position 184, 184 ',

4 ') · 184 "the mix with making unrimmed black letters and in the position 185, 185 ', 185 "the mixture with production of not rimmed white letters.

The reference numeral 186 denotes the amplifier stage, which contains in particular the transistors T _6e to T ₇₀ , for limiting the amplitude of the video signal "subtitles", which is fed through the line 187 (line K of FIG. 32) from the video gate amplifier via the output amplifier 35. The reference symbols 188, 189 denote the delay stages of 0.2 μβ each.

The amplified and amplitude-limited video signal "subtitles" is sent directly to the generator for generating black pulses of adjustable width 190, which in particular transistors T ₇₁ ', T ₆₁ or T ₇₆ , T ₇₇ , T ₇₈ , T ₈₀ , T ₈₁ and the capacitor C ₉₅ , as well as after a delay in one or the two delay stages 188, 189 fed to the generator for generating "white" pulses 194, which in particular contains the transistor T ₇₃ or T ₇₅ , these two pulses _{In the stages 191, 193 containing the transistors T 60} , T ₆₂ in particular, they can be mixed with the composite video signal "Program + Synchronization", which is fed to the mixer 191 after periodic level setting in accordance with the generation of level setting pulses in a stage 192 which the composite synchronization signal is fed through a line and which in particular the transis gates T ₅₅ to T ₅₇ and the diode bridge Z) ₂₀ to D ₂₃ contains. The mixed composite signal “program f subtitles + synchronization” is present in line 42. The invention can of course be modified.

In particular, the transistor circuits can be replaced by equivalent circuits with electron tubes be replaced.

Claims (22)

Patent claims: 1. Plant for the production of subtitles for television programs with a subtitle carrier a strip printed with the subtitle, a motor to advance the strip and a control signal generator for starting and stopping the engine, characterized by a the strip (1) recording camera (7), which is equipped with a control unit (23) which the Camera (7) the image blanking and synchronizing signal and the horizontal and vertical deflection signals feeds, a first amplifier (24) which is connected to the control unit (23) and which transmits signals supplied by the camera (7), one connected to this first amplifier (24) Gate circuit arrangement (28) with inputs (33, 34, 32) for the image blanking and synchronizing signal, for the vertical deflection signal and for an unlocking signal emitted by the control signal generator (31), that determines the reading time of the subtitle, a second, to the gate circuit arrangement (28) connected amplifier (35) and through one to this second amplifier (35) connected program subtitle mixing arrangement (41) with an input (42) for the Video signal of the program whose output signal is transmitted to the broadcasting center. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the gate circuit arrangement (28) has a stage (100) controlled by the image blanking and synchronizing signal for generating a line opening signal, a stage (101) controlled by the vertical deflection signal for generating a field opening signal, one of the mixing of the field opening signal and the mixer stage (102,103) serving the clamped video signal supplied by the camera (7) with two gates connected in series and an output stage (105), that the input of the first gate (T ₃₁ , T ₃₂ ) is the one from the camera (7) delivered video signal is supplied that this first gate is keyed for the duration of the opening signals and that the second gate (T ₃₄ , T ₃₅ ) is keyed for the duration of the simultaneous presence of two opening signals, one of which is generated per line and per field will. 3. System according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the program subtitle mixing arrangement an amplifier stage (186) for amplifying the signals supplied by the camera (7) contains that a delay line (188, 189) has outputs corresponding to different delays that one of the generation generator (190) serving for black level pulses via at least one selection device (180 to 185, 180 'to 185', 180 "to 185") to one of the outputs of the delay line (188,189) is connected, that a generator serving to generate white value pulses (194) via at least one selection device (180 to 185, 180 'to 185', 180 "to 185") to one of the Outputs of the delay line is connected and that a mixer arrangement (191, 193) of the output pulses of the generators (190, 194) as well as the program video signal. 4. Installation according to one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that a to the gate circuit arrangement (28) connected limiter (86) generates pulses whose duration is adapted to the length of the subtitle letters that an integrating circuit (85) connected to the limiter (86), the total duration of this Measures pulses that a sawtooth generator (84) as a function of the vertical deflection signal and from The output signal of the integrator (85) is controllable and that one of the sawtooth generator (84) is controllable electronic switch (83) in turn controls a control signal generator (31). 5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a video pulse generator is connected via a changeover switch (52) to a switch (54) or to the electronic switch (83) and that a gate (81) can be controlled by the video pulse generator (82) and a generator (80) for generating a frequency of 4 kHz with the control signal generator (31). 6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the integrating circuit (85) has a capacitor (C ₁₄ ) which sums up the pulses supplied by the limiter (86) during a field, at least one, X _; Part of the capacitor charge is transferred via an electronic switch from a transistor (T ₁₁ ), which is closed during the vertical synchronization pulses, to a second capacitor (C ₁₆ ), the charge of which determines the value of the direct voltage component of the sawtooth signal emitted by the sawtooth generator (84). 7. Plant according to claim 3, characterized in that a multi-pole switch (180 to 185 ") between the outputs of the amplifier (186) and the delay lines (187, 189) and the Inputs of the generators (190, 194) used to generate black and white value pulses are switched is. 8. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a slide with two compartments (13, 14) is provided under a roller (6), which according to the passage of the strip carrying the subtitles in front of the camera (7) is an output or recording ¹ -magazin (14) form for the strip. 9. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the switch (54) in the closed state _{closes the charging circuit of a capacitor (C 9} ) which is switched into the control circuit of a gate element and causes the gate element to open during its charge, the charging circuit of the capacitor an electronic switch (83), e.g. B. contains a transistor (T ₇ ) to which the repetition pulses of variable duration are applied as a function of the length of the subtitle, the duration of these repetition pulses being inversely proportional to the length of the subtitle, so that with a short subtitle the discharge of the capacitor ( C ₉ ) occurs quickly, and vice versa. 10. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the switch (54) in its closed position produces the discharge circuit of _{a normally charged capacitor (C 7} ), this discharge circuit containing the excitation coil of a relay _{(Rl 1} ) whose normally open contact (Rl ₁ ') in the closed position establishes the charging circuit of the capacitor (C ₉ ) connected to the control circuit of the gate element (T ₇ ). 11. Plant according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the device for determining the opening times of the gate element (T ₇ ) contains a changeover switch (52) which is switched on in the control circuit of the gate element (T ₇ ) behind the switch (54) , which is two-pole, one of the poles in a circuit for direct control of the gate element (T ₇ ) is switched on, while the other pole is switched on in the excitation circuit of _{the relay (Rl 1} ) . 12. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the sawtooth signal after the fixed ι ** υ -.Location of the DC voltage level is applied to a bistable multivibrator (Ti ₈ , T ₂₀ ), which emits a pulse of the same frequency, the width of which is smaller, the longer the signal. 13. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the rectification and integration stage contains an arrangement for limiting the voltage at the terminals of the first capacitor (C ₁₄ ), which preferably has a diode (D ₂ ) and a potentiometer (P ₃ ) for Has setting the bias of the diode (D ₂ ). 14. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the rectification and integration stage contains a first potentiometer - (P ₂ ¹ ) for setting the time constant of the first capacitor (C ₁₄ ). 15. Plant according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the sawtooth signal is änleger to the base of a first transistor (T ₁₇ ) which has a common load resistor (R ₅₇ ) with a second transistor (T _{1 8} ), in whose base bias circuit on the one hand the second capacitor (C ₁₆ ) and on the other hand a control potentiometer (P ₄ ) is switched on. 16. System according to one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that the rectification and integration stage contains a second electronic switch (Ti ₂ ) which is connected in series with the first electronic switch (T _n ) and is temporarily closed by a pulse , which is generated by delay elements (C ₁₄ , P ₄₁ , C ₁₇ , ^ 46> C ₁₈ , R ₈ , C ₁₉ , Pv ₅₂ ) from the vertical synchronization pulse, this second electronic switch (Ti ₂ ) between the first capacitor (C ₁₄ ) and a short-circuit line (I ₆ ) is connected. 17. Plant according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that between the gate element (31) for passing the periodic signal and the control signal generator (50) to Generating the unlocking pulses a series of switches (55, 56, 57) is provided by which the one in the closed position, the connection between the gate element (31) to the Durchgäbe the periodic signal and the generator (50) for generating the unlocking pulses, while another switch (56) in the closed position, the above connection and the Connection between the gate element (31) for the transmission of the periodic signal and a Arrangement for magnetic recording produces, with a third switch (57) in the closed position the connection between a magnetic reproduction device and the control signal generator (50) to generate the unlocking pulses. 18. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a monostable multivibrator (T ₂₆ , T ₂₇ ) which responds to the trailing edge of the pulses with steep edges which are formed from the unlocking pulses and are in phase with them, the off the monostable multivibrator (T ₂₆ , T ₂₇ ) emerging pulses are transmitted to the excitation circuit (10) of a relay for controlling the stepping mechanism 'of the drive roller (6) of the carrier strip of the subtitles. 19. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing stage (41, 191) to mix the video signal of the program with the video signal of the subtitle an arrangement (192) for generating a fixed permanent prestress (clamping) for the rear Stair step of the horizontal synchronization pulses, which in the video signal of the program are included before the mixing stage. 20. Installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the mixer (41, 191) contains a transistor (T ₆₀ ), at the base of which the video signal of the program and the video signal of the subtitles are applied with pulses whose sign corresponds to the sign of the modulation System are opposite, and in whose output circuit the visual signal of the subtitles is applied with pulses, the sign of which corresponds to that of the modulation of the system. 21. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by two monitors (38, 46), the first of which (46) to the output of the mixer (41) for 'mixing the video signal of a program is linked to the video signal of the subtitles, while the second monitor (38) receives the video signal of the subtitle. 22. Plant according to claim 21, characterized in that in front of the second monitor (38) a Changeover switch (26) is provided, which is switched on in two connecting lines, of which one is the monitor (38) with the device for the passage of the video signal of the subtitle and the other connects the monitor (38) to the camera (7). In addition 7 sheets of drawings 009 538/145