DE1451941C

DE1451941C - Valve control for a high-performance internal combustion engine, especially for racing purposes

Info

Publication number: DE1451941C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Der Anmelder Ist
Original assignee: Fumciello, Orazio, Bergamo (Italien)
Publication date: 1971-10-14

Description

1 21 2

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ventilsteuerung für während des Ansaughubes auch ein öffnen voreine Hochleistungs-Brennkraftmaschine, insbeson- gesehen ist, welches sich vor dem oberen Totpunkt dere für Rennzwecke, vorzugsweise mit sehr kleinem nach dem Auspuffvorgang über einen bestimmten Hub-Bohrungs-Verhältnis, die als Viertaktmotor Drehwinkel erstreckt. Es handelt sich bei dieser ausgebildet ist, Fremdzündung aufweist, im Zylinder- 5 Brennkraftmaschine um eine aufgeladene selbst-• kopf mit Quetschwirkung zwischen mindestens einem zündende Brennkraftmaschine mit Quetschwirkung. Ventil und dem Kolbenoberteil arbeitet und deren Durch diese bekannten Maßnahmen ist jedoch die je Zylinder mindestens drei Ventile im Zylinderkopf Ausbildung besonders hochtouriger und leistungsangeordnet sind, wobei das Kolbenoberteil in der fähiger Otto-Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere für oberen Totpunktlage bis dicht an den Zylinderkopf ίο Rennzwecke, nicht' maßgebend beeinflußt worden, gelangt. da bei einer niedrigtourigen Diesel - Brennkraft-The invention relates to a valve control for opening during the intake stroke High-performance internal combustion engine, in particular, which is located before top dead center more for racing purposes, preferably with very little after the exhaust process over a certain Stroke-to-bore ratio, which extends as a four-stroke engine angle of rotation. It is this one is designed, has spark ignition, in the cylinder 5 internal combustion engine to a supercharged self- • head with squeezing effect between at least one igniting internal combustion engine with squeezing effect. Valve and the upper piston part works and through these known measures, however, is the at least three valves per cylinder in the cylinder head training particularly high-speed and performance-oriented are, the piston top in capable Otto internal combustion engines, especially for top dead center up to close to the cylinder head ίο racing purposes, not 'significantly influenced, got. because with a low-speed diesel - internal combustion

Im Zuge der Entwicklung von Brennkraftmaschi- maschine mit Kompressor völlig unterschiedliche nen für Rennzwecke ist es bekanntgeworden, zur Arbeitsbedingungen und Steuer- sowie Konstruk-Leistungssteigerung nicht nur das Verdichtungs- tionsverhältnisse vorliegen. ■
verhältnis zu erhöhen, sondern unter Berücksichti- 15 Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gung höherer Drehzahlen auch die Steuerzeitenüber- Ventilsteuerung für eine Hochleistungs-Brennkraftschneidung der Ein- und Auslaßventile im O.T.-Be- maschine, insbesondere für Rennzwecke, zu schaf-, reich zu vergrößern. Ferner bemüht man sich, den fen, die bei extrem kompakter Bauweise optimale Ventilhub und den wirksamen Ventildurchmesser Leistungssteigerung gewährleistet,
dieser Ventile zu vergrößern (vgl. H. Hütten, 20 Die Aufgabe löst die Erfindung bei einer Ventil- »Schnelle Motoren...«, 1955, S. 23, 35 und 51). steuerung für eine Hochleistungs-Brennkraftmaschine, Erhöhung des Verdichtungsverhältnisses und Ver- insbesondere für Rennzwecke, der eingangs beschriegrößerung der Steuerzeitenüberschneidimg im O. T.- benen Art dadurch, daß mindestens ein Ventil so Bereich sowie Vergrößerung des wirksamen Ventil- gesteuert ist, daß es in der oberen ^Totpunktlage durchmessers können dabei im Sinne einer Verrin- 35 des Kolbens zwischen Ausschub- und Ansaugtakt gerung des Abstandes Ventil—Kolben im O.T.-Be- zumindest nahezu geschlossen ist und vom Kolbenreich wirken, jedoch läßt sich schließlich der Ventil- oberteil nur knappen Abstand hält, wobei dieses hub nicht mehr-durch die Ventildurchmesser korn- Ventil zwischen Ausschub-" und Ansaugtakt bei pensieren, weil Zylinderdurchmesser und Zylinder- Verwendung als Auslaßventil nach Überschreitung kopfabmessungen ihre maximalen Abmessungen 30 von O. T. bzw. bei Verwendung als Einlaßventil vor erreicht haben. Hinzu kommt, daß die Erhöhung Erreichen von O. T. kurz geöffnet ist, und daß das des Verdichtungsverhältnisses und die Vergrößerung restliche Ventil bzw. die restlichen Ventile je Zylinder Steuerzeitenüberschneidung ebenfalls begrenzt der im Bereich einer eine Verbrennungskammer sind, so daß im Ergebnis mit solchen Maßnahmen . bildenden Ausnehmung des Kolbens angeordnet ist allein optimale Leistungssteigerung nicht erreicht 35 bzw. sind und bei O. T. zwischen Ausschub- und werden kann. Ansaugtakt im Sinne einer Steuerzeitenüberschnei-In the course of the development of internal combustion engines with compressors, completely different ones for racing purposes, it has become known that not only the compression ratios are available for increasing the working conditions and the control and design performance. ■
to increase the ratio, but taking into account the 15 The invention is based on the object of creating a supply of higher speeds also the timing over valve control for a high-performance internal combustion of the inlet and outlet valves in the TDC machine, especially for racing purposes, rich to enlarge. Furthermore, efforts are being made to the fen, which guarantees optimum valve lift and the effective valve diameter increase in performance with an extremely compact design,
to enlarge these valves (cf. H. Hütten, 20 The task is solved by the invention in a valve "fast motors ...", 1955, pp. 23, 35 and 51). Control for a high-performance internal combustion engine, increasing the compression ratio and especially for racing purposes, the initially described enlargement of the timing overlap in the OT-level type in that at least one valve is controlled in such a range and enlargement of the effective valve that it is in the upper ^ The diameter of the dead center position can act in the sense of a reduction of the piston between the extension and intake stroke of the valve-piston distance at TDC is at least almost closed and from the piston area, but ultimately the valve upper part can only be kept a small distance, this stroke no longer - through the valve diameter grain valve between exhaust "and intake stroke at pause, because cylinder diameter and cylinder use as exhaust valve after exceeding head dimensions have reached their maximum dimensions 30 of TDC or when used as intake valve that the increase reaching TDC briefly opened et is, and that the valve remaining in the compression ratio and the enlargement or the remaining valves per cylinder control time overlap are also limited that are in the area of a combustion chamber, so that such measures are the result. arranged recess of the piston is only optimal performance increase not achieved 35 or are and at TDC between extension and can be. Intake stroke in the sense of a timing overlap

Zum Erzielen von Höchstleistungen ist eine dung geöffnet ist bzw. sind.In order to achieve maximum performance, a dung is or are open.

Ventilsteuerung für überladene Viertakt-Brennkraft- Nach Lehre der Erfindung wird eine Ventilsteuemaschinen, insbesondere solche mit hoher Verdich- rung verwirklicht, bei welcher jedem des bzw. der tung der Ladung, bekanntgeworden, die auch noch 40 Eintaß- bzw. Auslaßventile ein anderes Steuerungsbei geringstem Abstand zwischen Kolben . und diagramm zugeordnet ist, um mindestens einem der Zylinderkopf eingesetzt werden kann (vgl. öster- Ventile die Möglichkeit zu geben, bei O. T. geschlosreichische Patentschrift 175 743). Bei dieser Ventil- sen zu sein, während das andere Einlaß- bzw. Aussteuerung werden Einlaß- und Auslaßventil in zwei laßventil eine den Erfordernissen des Gaswechsels scharf voneinander getrennten Phasen zunächst mit 45 angepaßte Überschneidung aufweisen kann. Gleicheinem geringen und anschließend mit vollem Hub, zeitig lassen sich dadurch eine Vergrößerung des und umgekehrt, angehoben. Zwischen den beiden wirksamen Ventilquerschnittes und eine Verringe-Phasen des Ventilhubes wird dieser, im oberen rung des Ventilhubes erreichen. Durch die zweck-Totpunkt und in dessen Nähe zunächst wieder mäßige Konzentrierung der Verbrennungskammer — gegebenenfalls bis auf den Wert Null — vermin- 50 auf eine Stelle ist in überraschender Weise möglich, dert, bevor der Ventilhub in die zweite Phase der einem Ventilpaar Steuerzeiten zu geben, ohne die Ventilöffnung übergeht. Eine derartige Ventilsteue- Kolbenlage zu berücksichtigen,
rung allein führt ebenfalls nicht zu optimaler Lei- Nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung stungssteigerung. Das gilt auch für solche Brenn- ist dazu die Verbrennungskammer zur Kolbenmitte kraftmaschinen, bei welchen Ventile im Bereich 55 versetzt angeordnet und sind dieser Verbrennungseiner eine Verbrennungskammer bildenden Ausneh- kammer zwei Einlaßventile und zwei Auslaßventile mung des Kolbens angeordnet und im oberen Tot- zugeordnet, von denen das Koibsnoberteil im oberen punkt zwischen Ausschub- und Ansaugtakt im Sinne Totpunkt ein Einlaßventil und ein Auslaßventil einer Steuerzeitenüberschneidung geöffnet sind (vgl. nahezu berührt.Valve control for overloaded four-stroke internal combustion engine According to the teaching of the invention, a valve control machine, in particular those with high compression, is realized in which each of the or the direction of the charge has become known that also 40 inlet and outlet valves have a different control at the lowest Distance between pistons. and diagram is assigned to at least one of the cylinder heads can be used (see. Öster valves to give the opportunity at OT closed patent specification 175 743). To be with this valve while the other inlet and outlet control are the inlet and outlet valves in two outlet valves can have an overlap that is initially adapted to the requirements of the gas exchange and which is sharply separated from one another. Equal to a small and then to a full stroke, this means that the stroke can be increased in time and vice versa. Between the two effective valve cross-sections and a reduction phase of the valve lift, this will be achieved in the upper tion of the valve lift. Due to the purpose dead center and in its vicinity initially moderate concentration of the combustion chamber - possibly down to the value zero - it is surprisingly possible to reduce valve timing before the valve lift in the second phase of a pair of valves without the valve opening passes. Such a valve control piston position to be taken into account,
tion alone also does not lead to optimal performance. This also applies to such combustion engines, the combustion chamber to the center of the piston, in which valves are arranged offset in the area 55 and this combustion of which the Koibsnobteile in the upper point between the exhaust and intake stroke in the sense of dead center, an inlet valve and an outlet valve of a timing overlap are open (cf. almost touched.

»Automobile Engineer«, März 1960, S. 87, und 60 Die Steuerung kann erfindungsgemäß dabei so"Automobile Engineer", March 1960, p. 87, and 60. According to the invention, the control can be as follows

»L'Automobile«, November 1961, S. 82). verwirklicht werden, daß ein Einlaßventil und ein"L'Automobile", November 1961, p. 82). be realized that an inlet valve and a

Bei Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen mit Kompressor Auslaßventil im oberen Totpunkt geschlossen sowieIn diesel internal combustion engines with a compressor, the outlet valve is closed at top dead center as well

ist es bekannt, je Zylinder vier Ventile in der Aus- ein Einlaßventil und ein Auslaßventil in diesemit is known to have four valves in the outlet, an inlet valve and an outlet valve in this cylinder

führungsform als Hängeventile vorzusehen, wobei Totpunkt geöffnet sind.Guide form to be provided as hanging valves, with dead center being open.

der Abstand zwischen dem Kolben und der diesem 65 Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind zugewandten Flächen der Ventile im oberen Tot- im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß eine Ventilpunkt des Kolbens verhältnismäßig klein ist und steuerung für eine Hochleistungs-Brennkraftmaschine, außerdem bei einem Einlaßventil außer der Öffnung insbesondere für Rennzwecke, verwirklicht wird.the distance between the piston and the latter 65 are the advantages achieved by the invention facing surfaces of the valves in top dead essentially to be seen in the fact that a valve point the piston is relatively small and control for a high-performance internal combustion engine, is also realized with an inlet valve other than the opening in particular for racing purposes.

Claims

3 43 4

which due to control measures under »squeezing« up to the closed valves leads to a significant increase in performance. At the same time it can be introduced while still shortly before can be particularly simple and compact design and after reaching top dead center through in the area of the cylinder heads. Combine the correspondingly limited valve lift that is bound with the increase in performance, there is a greater 5 desired overlap with great valve cross-adaptability the high-performance internal combustion engine is achieved.

machine to low speed ranges. In addition, the timing diagram of the intake valves 2, 4

The low thermal and mechanical exhaust and exhaust valves la, 4a are shown in FIG.

stresses in the valves and cylinder piston adjustment. In this figure, the reference symbol shows OT

Orders, lower machine weight and ver io the upper and UT the lower dead center of the

reduced space requirement. movement, the reference symbols R and P show the

In the following, only a diagram of the inlet valves 2 and 4 and corresponding

The drawing showing the exemplary embodiment, the reference numerals 5 and Q are the diagrams of FIG

finding explained in more detail; it shows exhaust valves la and 4λ. With D is the maximum

Fig. 1 is an axial section through a cylinder 15 denotes the stroke of the valves 2 and la. How, from the

a high-performance figures designed according to the invention can be seen, the inlet valve 4 and the

Internal combustion engine, outlet valve Aa of the combustion chamber 5 supplied

F i g. 2 is a section through the object and can be used to achieve the intersection in

F i g. 1 along the line II-II, area of the top dead center with the corresponding

Fig. 3 shows a section through the object after 20 stroke remain open, since the piston recess,

Fig. 1 along the line III-III, which forms the combustion chamber 5, sufficient

F i g. 4 provides a valve timing diagram for a cycle of free space for valve movement. Next Linder an inventive construction is towards seen that the inlet valve 2 and the power engine with two exhaust valve Einlaßven- la in the upper Totpunk ^ tuen closed and two exhaust valves. 25, with the piston upper part 9 nearly the valves

The arrangement shown in the figures is touched and under "pinch", i. H. under considerable

from a roof ridge-shaped cylinder head 1 high turbulence and mixing, which condensed

and a piston 8 with a gas mass in the piston upper part 9 supplies the combustion chamber 5. the

formed combustion chamber 5. In the area of angle λ for the early opening of the inlet valves or

of the combustion chamber 5 are the spark plug 6 3o β for the late closing of the exhaust valves

as well as an inlet valve 4 and an outlet valve 4a at about 60 ° crank angle before and after TDC

ordered, while another pair of valves, an on.

Let valve 2 and an outlet valve 1 a , from the piston In order to avoid that the piston upper part 9 is almost touched at the top dead center, the part 9 advanced towards the combustion chamber 5. To supply the air-fuel mixture 35 surrounded gases at the moment of the overlap and to discharge the burnt gases, the opening of the inlet valve 4 is to enter, the position is inlet lines 7, 3 and the outlet lines 3a, la of this inlet valve 4 is the inlet valve 2 arranged opposite. reset so that the flow of gases out

The function is as follows: The basic requirement for the adjustment range of the upper piston part 9 Correspondingly, a high-performance engine after 40 combustion chamber does not oppose the valve opening to train the Otto process for racing purposes, is directed. However, it is possible to have the same effect is used the formed in the piston upper part 9 small ge. to be achieved by pushing a gradation in the cylinder Combustion chamber 5 for generating head 1 or on the upper piston part 9 is provided highest possible combustion pressures and thus becomes.

a maximum specific engine power. The 45 Here there is the possibility that the intake valve 2 and exhaust valve 2 α are assigned to each other at top dead center valve 4 and the exhaust valve 4a, while the inlet does not close completely, that is, within the scope of the release valve 2 and the Exhaust valve 2a in the ridge of the roof is also a solution, as a result of which the cylinder head 1, which is designed like a piston, is arranged. benoberteü 9 only with the side parts of the cylinder-the piston upper part 9 is adapted in its shape to the 50 head 1, as adapted by the dashed cylinder head 1. This is shown in the last lines 82. In this case, part of the compression stroke remains a flow of the inlet valve 2, the outlet valve Ta , which is intended between the sealed gas mass closed at top dead center, and the exhaust valve Ta and under considerable turbulence and under excellent, the piston upper part 9 a small space of the mixture promoting the combustion process - 55 about a millimeter that allows filing. In this process, one speaks of pinching valve 2 and outlet valve 2 α even in the upper position of maximum engine power. Dead center easy to keep open, which also means here

The formation of the cylinder head 1 is realized as a limited overlap,

Roof ridge-like hood, which by the inclination without thereby reducing the tightness of the burners Cylinder head walls is marked, allows 60 chamber 5 for the purpose of "crushing" damage

light a considerable enlargement of the valve cross-section. Patent claims

cuts and thus only the realization of the

inventive concept, the maximum performance of a 1st valve control for a high-performance

Motor with spark ignition internal combustion engine suitable for racing purposes, in particular for racing

through a strong overlap of the valve opening purposes, preferably with a very small stroke to achieve, whereby in the top dead center the ratio, which was designed as a four-stroke engine

Valves can remain partially closed. That forms is, has spark ignition, is called in the cylinder, that in the top dead center the piston head 9 head with squeezing between at least

a valve and the upper piston part operates and the cylinder head of which at least three valves are arranged for each cylinder, the upper piston part reaching close to the cylinder head in the top dead center position, characterized in that at least one valve (2 or 2a ) is controlled in such a way that that it is at least almost closed in the top dead center position of the piston (8) between the exhaust and intake strokes and is only a short distance from the upper piston part (9), with this valve (2 or 2a) between the exhaust and intake strokes when used as an exhaust valve ( 2 a) is briefly opened after TDC is exceeded or when used as an inlet valve (2) before TDC is reached, and that the remaining valve or valves (4, 4 a) per cylinder in the area of a combustion chamber (5) forming recess of the piston (8) is or are and is or are open at TDC between the exhaust and intake stroke in the sense of a timing overlap.

2. Valve control according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber (5) is arranged offset to the center of the piston and this combustion chamber (5) has two inlet valves (2,4) and two outlet valves (2 a, 4 a) are assigned, of which the upper piston part (9) is a Inlet valve (2) and an outlet valve (2a) almost touched.

3. Valve control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an inlet valve (2) and an outlet valve (2 a) closed at top dead center and an inlet valve (4) and a Outlet valve (4 a) are open at this dead center.

1 sheet of drawings