DE1451926A1 - Internal combustion piston engine with automatic adjustment of the piston stroke adapted to the respective requirements of the operation with simultaneous adjustment of the compression ratio - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Darf rmi.l vvin'i '-' t νν <··· Ι> π

Dipl.-Ing. Walter Jackisch 7 Stuttgart I «. ManufttnS · 40 1 Λ ζ 1 Q 9 R

Applicant and inventor:
Dr. In ^. Constantine PATTAS

A 29 505-s Den

-4, A \ ig. 1969

"Internal combustion piston engine old automatic, the adapted to the respective requirements of the company Adjustment of the piston stroke "with equal adjustment of the VerdichtunfcoverhUltniaoos"

The one supplied by the Irennkraft ilolberini machines, which are known today The torque curve generally does not correspond to the requirements of the drive3.

In Fig. 1, the powers 1 <* are plotted against the speed η (Curve A - e.g. for road or rail vehicles desired drive power, curve B - power of conventional piston machines).

In.Pig. 2 is qualitatively recorded η in a diagram the supplied for the operation of road or rail vehicles gewüncchto (curve C) and daa from the usual Kolbennaschinen torque M (Curve D) as a function of the speed.

. Curve A in Figure 1 indicates ä & Q the maximum power should be a large as possible operating range consistently available. It follows for the desired

BAD ORIGfNAL

U51926

Curve C in Pig »2 is a hyperbolic course according to the formula K = const.II / a. Curve C in Pie * 2 is familiar under the name "Zujkrafthyperbel". Since the from the characteristic curve delivered with the usual piston machine differently than this hyperbola runs (a. curve B in Fig.l and D in? ig.2), nuts adjusting devices in Γογβ by cechaniach switched odor automatic IleUrganc-driven are provided. These pussing devices The purpose is to adjust the rotational speed characteristic given by the internal combustion engine to the desired To approximate the characteristic curve (see curve A in Fig. 1 and C in Pi ~ .2). In Fig. 3, in addition to the tractive force hyperbola, the rotational speed characteristic curve is also shown a traditional piston engine η with Yiergang transmission recorded. The thinly undressed lines apply to the entire speed range of the machine in the individual GäUijön; the thick line marks the advance of torque and speed when using PE all four courses. The characteristic curve achieved with the gearbox shows discontinuities at the shift points uuf, which in practice lead to dubbed efficiency and increased wear and tear. Au ^ earth is also with larger ones Number of gears a complete 'coverage of the characteristic curve Kit of the traction hyperbola not accessible. In addition, for a Gear a not inconsiderable amount of space and construction costs are provided. '

Hit the present Srflaäung should v reaches / earthed, that a desired characteristic can be the Brensoinentes "bsvi. In performance over Hauptdrehzahibereicli turned haltes without providing that it is necessary for this purpose trieb® _Is%% hite herkösalieaesg mechanically ge switched or automatic Se. Palisi is of the measures sisa fegkaBnten Sebraucii ga.3aclit »" change the piston stroke s and the YerMcätnsgsveriältsas € &'& .

BATH

You invention lot characterized in that Verstell mittoi Bowohl for the length of the Kolbonhubea alo also such intended for setting the Verdichtunjsvoi * hä.ltni3oea are and both means according to the speed of the output shaft dca Motora influenced by an adjusting device in this way oind | that when the piston stroke changes, the compression ratio remains or after any best iMibaren dependency changes with the hub.

The invention is based on the known fact that with constant mean indexed pressure p ^ in the cylinders the torque is directly proportional to the piston stroke s. So s ^ n applies, and e.g. for the desired characteristic the motor vehicle drive machine the equation s »n« const.

In most applications, it makes sense to use the compression ratio £, which is used as the Ratio of smallest to largest cylinder rough above dos piston is defined to keep constant, thus at constant set fuel on the clock, constant friction indicated pressure and thus constant conditions during combustion can be achieved.

glue swashplate motor can do both tasks in an elegant way V. loosen coupled.

An example is with a speed-dependent adjustment of the angle of inclination of the sauce disk, ar * of the connecting rods of the pistons moved back and forth in stationary or rotating cylinders are licked, an adjustment movement in itself known cylinder head piston connected.

009810/0534

. ₄ - U51926

Another solution that is structurally easier to implement couples a change in the piston stroke due to the angular adjustment the lioigungswinkel of the swash plate with a Shifting the stroke range approx in the direction of the piston movement.

In Fig. 4, for example, a solution for a wobble disk actuator is eating shown J.

In a stationary housing (1) there are several cylinders (2), preferably in an odd number and with Axis of the motor inclined axis in which pistons (3) run, whose piston rods (4) are mounted in spherical bearings (5) on a swash plate (6). The swash plate (6) is gimbal via the ring (7) in the bell (r) that does not rotate but is axially displaceable with respect to the housing (l), suspended and supported against the annular, circumferential disc (10) by means of roller bearings (9) that act radially and axially, which in turn via journals (11) that can be rotated in plain bearing bushes the Vellc (12) is mounted on the latter. The disc (10) carries a joint (13) with rotation and limited Verochiebemöglichkeit, nit the die in the Flywheel (14) is mounted, which is axially immovable in the housing head (15) on axially and radially v / acting V.Ulzlager (16) is supported. The longitudinally displaceable V / elle (12) has their main bearing points in the center of the cardanic suspension of the swash plate (6) and in the sliding seat opposite the hub (17) of the flywheel (14). The hub (17) is the Motor output shaft.

If the swashplate (6) with the disk (10) is now due to a moment that can be applied by external forces or by the forces of the disks (6) and (10) in its position opposite a perpendicular to the shaft aehs © a - a lying in the plane of the drawing ¥ inkel Aa. adjusted, so is due to the a-iai unrerachi ob '.- Li dien articulation of the disc (10)

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U51926

on the flywheel (14) via the joint (13) ait the Angular change inevitably results in a shift χ of the shaft (12) connected in the direction of the shaft axis a - a.

In the; In Fig. 4 drawn Ausführungsbeiupiel the Verstellmoaent the disks (6) and / 10) is applied by a known centrifugal governor, which picks up the speed of the engine, for example on the flywheel (14). Two flyweights (3.) act via intermediate levers (22) with curved disks (23) on a roller (24) _f which is linked to a rod (25). In the event of a change in speed, the rod (25) causes a deflection in the axial direction through the change in position of the centrifugal density (21) via the Iobol (22) with the cam disk (23) and the roller (24). The deflection is transmitted to an adjusting device (26) which, on the other hand, uses mechanical, hydraulic or electrical auxiliary energy in a known V, ei3o a shift χ of the shaft (12) and Y / angular adjustment of the discs ( 6) and (10), it is also conceivable that the centrifugal governor causes the shift χ directly.

The cam (23) can be calculated so that any desired dependency between speed η and stroke s can be set.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, it does not matter whether the inertial forces and moments of the disks (6) and (10) are balanced or not, because the control inevitably brings about the desired adjustment. However, it will in this case preferably both inertia and rückstellaonentenfreie discs (6) and (10) apply "because then the required power of the adjusting device (26) is smaller and the running of the Maschin" rualger and equal Piger wirö.

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* AD

The conditions for complete freedom from mass forces and moments are:

a) the center of gravity of the swash plate (6) with the hinged piston (3) and the rotating disc (10) must be in cardanic suspension point.

b) the moment of inertia of the rotating disc (10) around your The axis of symmetry must be equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the swash plate (6) and the revolving plate (10) refer to the plane perpendicular to the plane of the largest V.'angle Be axis.

In Pig. Another embodiment is shown. In the seo execution example, the adjustment torque is applied by the deficiency-dependent Kacsenmosente of the disks (6) and (IG). With a suitable choice of the center of gravity and the moments of inertia, the tendency of the disks to change the angle cc su can be influenced in such a way that one gets a speed-dependent B-Ückstellmoaent and thus a speed-dependent © "angle change of the angle". The adjusting moment generates a force in the direction of the axis a - a, which is transmitted to the springs (19, 19a) via the plate (18) of the cable (12). From the plate (1 :) the turning movement of the ball (12) for driving conventional control organs and auxiliary units can be passed on · To I ^? Edern (19 _f 19a) are dimensioned, e.g. by suitable layering of disc springs or other spring elements, so that they generate restoring forces which correct the Yerstelli forces in such a way that in each case a desired displacement χ ä © r V / elle (12), tsw »iie gevranseixte V. ^r ir» lcol adjustment of the angle β and thus the desired Kista ^ erusg of the stroke s to the desired Veirilich-iungsvethaltaia ^ tn dependent on the I

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H51926

For the use of this Kaachine ia aircraft or rail vehicle, for example, a hyperbolic course of the stroke s over the speed η at a constant compression ratio £ will be aimed for.

009810/053 *

Claims (6)

May huh. ., MiKtert are Γ 36 736 Ia / 46b Dr.Ing.KonstantIn PATSAS A 29 505 - s (l \ "eue) claims 1. Inclined disc axial piston internal combustion engine with oil displaceable in the direction of its longitudinal axis depending on the speed to change the stroke, and an armored swash plate on which the piston rods are hinged, characterized in that it is attached to the cardanically suspended swash plate (6 ) an annular disc (IC) is rotatably attached, which encloses the V.'eile (12) and axially / ekbar attached to this iöt, äaZ konzentriach zur './eile (12) a bell-shaped, the ring disc (10) overlapping The flywheel (14) is axially fixed and that, in order to maintain a constant compression ratio in the event of a change in the displacement: the kingachoibe (10) is connected to the flywheel (14) via a joint (13) in such a way that the swashplate is connected to the flywheel (14) in spite of the connection to the flywheel (14) (6) is displaceable in the direction of the ellenaciiOG and because the angle of the swash plate (6) is known per se A ^ ialverachiobuag the V.elle (12) changeable iot. 2. Swash plate axial piston Brennlcraftinasehine according to claim 1, characterized in that the V <elle (12) as a function from the machine speed to the adjustment of the iLolbennubes according to a specified, speed-dependent i function is displaceable in its longitudinal direction. 009810/0534 desÄnderyngsges. U51926 3. Optical disc axial piston internal combustion engine, according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for displacement the Y.'elle (12) in the axial direction a directly or via a xait mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic auxiliary power distribution device (26) acting centrifugal governor is provided. 4. SchiefBcheibeu-Axialkolben-Iirennkraftmaschino after One of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bowl (12) is hollow and that the centrifugal governor Via intermediate lever (22) with cams (23) and a roller (24) acts on a rod (2p) which is in the Shaft (12) is guided and which acts on the adjusting device (26). 5. swash plate axial piston internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 4ι, characterized in that the gimbal-mounted swash plate (6) and the annular disc mounted on it, running parallel to it (10) are roughly balanced with regard to the cash forces and moments of inertia occurring during circulation. 6. Swash plate axial piston internal combustion engine one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cardanically suspended swash plate (6) and the on this mounted »parallel to it rotating disk (10) are designed and arranged so that with increasing Speed strong »restoring forces acting in the sense of a reduction in the angle of inclination of the disks (6 and 10) appear. 7. Swashplate axial piston internal combustion engine according to Claim 6, characterized in that the wool (12) is guided between springs (19, 19a), the characteristic curve of which is based on that of the 40 H51926 Axial force transmitted by mass forces is coordinated such that the adjustment of the piston stroke caused by the displacement of the shaft (12) with the speed of rotation after an almost hyperbolic function is abated. BAD ORISfNAL