DE1439302C - High frequency surgical device - Google Patents
High frequency surgical deviceInfo
- Publication number
- DE1439302C DE1439302C DE1439302C DE 1439302 C DE1439302 C DE 1439302C DE 1439302 C DE1439302 C DE 1439302C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- generator
- connection
- surgical device
- operating room
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000001702 transmitter Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003334 potential Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät, bestehend aus einem außerhalb des Operationsraumes aufstellbaren Hochfrequenzgenerator und einen zur Aufstellung im Operationsraum bestimmten Steuergerät, mindestens zum Ein- und Ausschalten des Hochfrequenzgenerators sowie zum Anschluß der aktiven und inaktiven Chirurgieelektrode und aus einer Hochfrequenz-Energieleitung zwischen dem Generator und dem Steuergerät, die am Ort der Generatoraufstellung geerdet ist.The invention relates to a high-frequency surgical device, consisting of a high-frequency generator that can be set up outside the operating room a control device intended for installation in the operating room, at least for switching it on and off of the high-frequency generator and for connecting the active and inactive surgical electrode and off a high-frequency power line between the generator and the control unit, which is installed at the location of the Generator installation is earthed.
Bei der gleichzeitigen Anschaltung eines solchen Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes sowie eines im Operationsraum aufgestellten und dort geerdeten Meßgerätes für Körperaktionsspannungen, insbesondere eines Elektrokardiografen oder Encephalografen, an ein und denselben Patienten haben sich Störungen am Meßgerät ergeben, die auch dann wirksam waren, wenn der Hochfrequenzgenerator des Chirurgiegerätes abgeschaltet war. Diese Störungen äußerten sich in Schwingungen der Anzeige des Meßgerätes entsprechend der Netzfrequenz; offenbar trat eine Überlagerung des Meßwertes durch eine aus der Netzspannung abgeleitete Spannung ein, die unter Umständen sogar zur Zerstörung des Meßwerkes führte.With the simultaneous connection of such a high-frequency surgical device and one in the operating room installed and there grounded measuring device for body action voltages, in particular of an electrocardiograph or encephalograph, one and the same patient has disorders result on the measuring device, which were also effective when the high-frequency generator of the surgical device was switched off. These disturbances manifested themselves in vibrations of the display of the measuring device according to the network frequency; evidently a superimposition of the measured value by one emerged from the Voltage derived from the mains voltage, which may even destroy the measuring mechanism led.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Untersuchungen führten zu der Erkenntnis, daß zufolge der Erdung der Hochfrequenzenergieleitung am Aufstellungsort des Hochfrequenzchirurgiegenerators, der galvanischen Verbindung zwischen der geerdeten Hochfrequenzenergieleitung und der inaktiven Chirurgieelektrcde über die galvanische Verbindung zwischen Primär- und Sekundärwicklung des Hochfrequenzübertragers im Steuergerät, der galvanischen Verbindung zwischen der inaktiven Chirurgieelektrode und den Eingängen des Meßgerätes über den Patienten sowie der Erdung des Meßgerätes im Operationsraum sich eine Erdungsschleife mit zwei bis zu 100 m auseinanderliegenden Erdungspunkten bildet. Solche auseinanderliegenden Erdungspunkte können bekanntlich voneinander unterschiedliche Potentiale auf Grund induzierter Spannungen oder Spannungsabfälle verschiedener Verbraucher aufweisen, die zu entsprechenden Ausgleichsströmen in der genannten Schleife führen. Mit diesen Ausgleichsströmen wird das Meßwerk des Meßgerätes zusätzlich belastet.The studies on which the invention is based led to the finding that according to the earthing of the high-frequency power line at the installation site of the high-frequency surgical generator, the galvanic connection between the earthed high-frequency power line and the inactive one Surgical electrode via the galvanic connection between the primary and secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer in the control unit, the galvanic connection between the inactive surgical electrode and the inputs of the measuring device via the patient and the grounding of the measuring device in the Operating room creates a grounding loop with two grounding points up to 100 m apart forms. Such spaced grounding points can be known to be different from one another Have potentials due to induced voltages or voltage drops of various consumers, which lead to corresponding equalizing currents in the loop mentioned. With these equalizing currents, the measuring mechanism of the measuring device is additionally burdened.
Aus der französischen Patentschrift 966 342 ist ein Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät, bestehend aus einem Hochfrequenzgenerator, der einen Erdanschluß aufweist, und einem zwischen dem Hochfrequenzgenerator und dem Anschluß der aktiven und inaktiven Chirurgicelektrode angeordneten Hochfrequenzübertrager bekannt, bei dem der Hochfrequenzübertrager galvanisch voneinander getrennte Wicklungen aufweist und die Verbindung zwischen der Sekundärseite des 'Hochfrequenzübertragers und dem Anschluß der inaktiven Elektrode mit einem gesonderten Erdungsanschluß versehen ist. Eine ähnliche Einrichtung zeigt die deutsche Auslegeschrift 1 146 989. Alle zu erdenden Punkte der Schaltung befinden sich beim Gerät nach der französischen Patentschrift innerhalb des Gerätegehäuses, was auch für das Gerät nach der deutschen Auslegeschrift zutreffen wird, so daß die Erdung von nur einem einzigen gemeinsamen Erdungspunkt aus erfolgt. Bei den bekannten Geräten tritt demnach eine Erdschleifenbildung im Sinne der vorstehenden Ausführungen nicht auf.From the French patent specification 966 342 is a high-frequency surgical device consisting of a A high frequency generator having a ground connection and one between the high frequency generator and the connection of the active and inactive surgical electrode arranged high-frequency transmitter known, in which the high-frequency transformer has galvanically separated windings and the connection between the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer and the connection of the inactive electrode is provided with a separate earth connection. A similar establishment shows the German Auslegeschrift 1 146 989. All points of the circuit to be earthed are located at the device according to the French patent specification within the device housing, which also applies to the device according to the German interpretation will apply, so that the grounding of only a single common Earthing point takes place. In the known devices, a ground loop formation occurs in the sense of the above does not apply.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bei einem Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät der eingangs erwähnten Art dafür zu sorgen, daß keine Ausgleichsströme zwischen den beiden Erdungspunkten fließen können. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst und eine Schleifenbildung zwischen den räumlich voneinander entfernten Erdungspunkten der Hochfrequenzenergieleitung und des Meßgerätes dadurch vermieden, daß der in das Steuergerät desThe object of the invention is to provide the type mentioned at the beginning in a high-frequency surgical device Kind of ensuring that no equalizing currents can flow between the two earthing points. According to the invention, this object is achieved and a loop formation between the spatial distant grounding points of the high-frequency power line and the measuring device thereby avoided that the in the control unit of the
ίο Chirurgiegerätes eingebaute Hochfrequenzübertrager galvanisch voneinander getrennte Wicklungen aufweist und die Verbindung zwischen der Sekundärseite des Hochfrequenzübertragers und dem Anschluß der inaktiven Elektrode mit einem gesonderten Erdungsanschluß versehen ist.ίο built-in high-frequency transmitter Has galvanically separated windings and the connection between the secondary side the high-frequency transmitter and the connection of the inactive electrode with a separate earth connection is provided.
Nachfolgend werden die der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Erkenntnisse und das die Erfindung aufweisende Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät an Hand der Fig. 1 bis 3 näher erläutert.The knowledge on which the invention is based and that which is exhibited by the invention are described below High-frequency surgical device explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
ao Fig. 1 veranschaulicht den schaltungstechnischen Zusammenbau zwischen dem Chirurgiegerät mit seinem außerhalb des Operationsraumes angeordneten Hochfrequenzgenerator und dem im Operationsraum angeordneten Steuergerät und dem Meßgerät;ao Fig. 1 illustrates the circuitry Assembly between the surgical device with its arranged outside the operating room High-frequency generator and the control device and the measuring device arranged in the operating room;
Fig. 2 zeigt die Ausbildung des in dem Steuergerät untergebrachten Hochfrequenzübertragers, und F i g. 3 zeigt die Ausführung nach F i g. 2 zusammen mit einer ebenfalls im Steuergerät untergebrachten Sicherheitsschaltung. Gleiche Teile sind in allen drei Figuren mit gleichen Ziffern benannt.Fig. 2 shows the design of the high-frequency transformer housed in the control unit, and F i g. 3 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 2 together with one that is also housed in the control unit Safety circuit. The same parts are named with the same numbers in all three figures.
Mit 1 ist der Hochfrequenzgenerator des Chirurgiegerätes bezeichnet. 2 bedeutet den Operationsraum. Bei 3 (außerhalb des Operationsraumes) ist der Generator 1 bzw. die koaxiale Hochfrequenz-Energieleitung 4 geerdet. Diese Leitung führt zu dem im Operationsraum 2 aufgestellten Steuergerät 5 für den Generator 1, in welchem Steuergerät der Hochfrequenzübertrager 6 mit den Eingangsbuchsen 7 und 8 enthalten ist. Die zwischen Steuergerät und HF-Generator vorhandenen Steuerleitungen sind der Übersichtlichkeit der Darstellung wegen nicht gezeichnet. The high-frequency generator of the surgical device is denoted by 1. 2 means the operating room. At 3 (outside the operating room) is the generator 1 or the coaxial high-frequency power line 4 grounded. This line leads to the control device 5 set up in the operating room 2 for the Generator 1, in which control unit the high-frequency transformer 6 with the input sockets 7 and 8 is included. The control lines between the control unit and the HF generator are the Not drawn because of the clarity of the representation.
Die aktive Elektrode 9 (zum Schneiden und Koagulieren) und die neutrale Elektrode 10 sind über die Buchsen 11, 12 an die Sekundärseite des Hochfrequenzübertragers 6 unter Zwischenschaltung des Trennkondensators 13 angeschlossen. Der Patient 14 ist mit der breitflächigen neutralen Elektrode 10 verbunden. Der Elektrokardiograph 15, der die Herzaktionsspannungen des Patienten registriert, hat fünf Anschlüsse 16, 17, 18, 19 und 20, von denen 16, 17, 18,19 in bekannter Weise mit dem Patienten 14 und der Anschluß 20 mit dem Erdpunkt 21 im Operationsraum verbunden sind. The active electrode 9 (for cutting and coagulation) and the neutral electrode 10 are on the Sockets 11, 12 on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 6 with the interposition of the Separating capacitor 13 connected. The patient 14 is connected to the wide-area neutral electrode 10. The electrocardiograph 15, which registers the cardiac action voltages of the patient, has five Connections 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, of which 16, 17, 18,19 in a known manner with the patient 14 and the terminal 20 are connected to the earth point 21 in the operating room.
Bei dieser Schaltung würde eine Erdungsschleife zwischen den beiden Erdungspunkten 3 und 21 entstehen, wenn der Übertrager 6 — wie dies allgemein üblich ist — eine einseitige galvanische Verbindung seiner beiden Übertragerseiten aufweist. Diese störende Erdungsschleife ist in Fig. 1 bis auf diese galvanische Verbindung im Übertrager 6 mit starken Strichen hervorgehoben. Es ist ersichtlich, daß der einleitend genannte Ausgleichsstrom zwischen 3 und 21 über das Meßgerät fließt und Fehlmessungen hervorruft. Eine Erdung des Übertragers am Erdpunkt 21 würde auch keine Abhilfe schaffen, weil dadurch nur eine weitere Erdschleife entstünde, wobei der Spannungsabfall, den der Ausgleichsstrom auf einerThis circuit would create a ground loop between the two grounding points 3 and 21, when the transformer 6 - as is common practice - a one-sided galvanic connection having its two transmitter sides. This disruptive ground loop is galvanic in Fig. 1 except for this The connection in the transformer 6 is highlighted with heavy lines. It can be seen that the The compensating current mentioned at the beginning flows between 3 and 21 via the measuring device and causes incorrect measurements. Earthing the transformer at earth point 21 would not help either, because it would only one more earth loop would arise, whereby the voltage drop caused by the equalizing current on a
solchen Erdungsleitung mit sich bringt, vom Meßgerät angezeigt würde.such a grounding line would be displayed by the measuring device.
In der Fig. 2 ist dargestellt, wie durch die galvanische Trennung der beiden Übertragerseiten und die Erdung der Sekundärseite des Übertragers im Operationsraum bei 21 die genannten Störungen des Meßgerätes vermieden sind.In Fig. 2 it is shown how by the galvanic Separation of the two transmitter sides and the earthing of the secondary side of the transmitter in the operating room at 21 the mentioned disturbances of the measuring device are avoided.
Bei leistungsstarken Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegeräten ist es Vorschrift, daß die Verbindung der neutralen Elektrode mit dem Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät durch eine Sicherheitsschaltung überwacht wird. Beim Betrieb einer solchen Schutzschaltung mit Wechselstrom entsteht durch den Spannungsabfall über die notwendige Zuleitung zur neutralen Elektrode eine 50 Hz-Brummspannung gegen Erde, die die Registriergeräte ebenfalls erheblich stören kann. Bei dem die Erfindung aufweisenden Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät wird daher die Sicherheitsschaltung mit gesiebter Gleichspannung betrieben. Die entsprechende Schaltung ist in der F i g. 3 dargestellt: Dabei ist die mit der neutralen Elektrode 10 verbundene Sekundärseite des Übertragers 6 bei 21 geerdet. Der Transformator 22, der aus einer im Generatorgehäuse 1 untergebrachten 50 Hz-Wechselspannungsquelle gespeist wird (nicht dargestellt), arbeitet auf den Gleichrichter 23 mit Glättungskondensator 24, der einerseits bei 21 geerdet ist und andererseits über das Relais 25 über die Buchse 26 der geerdeten neutralen Elektrode verbunden ist. Wenn die Elektrode 10 versehentlich oder z. B. wegen einer schadhaften Zuleitung nicht geerdet ist, fällt das Relais 25 ab und verhindert über einen Steuerkontakt, daß der Hochfrequenzgenerator eingeschaltet werden kann.In the case of powerful high-frequency surgical devices, it is a requirement that the connection of the neutral Electrode with the high-frequency surgical device is monitored by a safety circuit. At the Operation of such a protective circuit with alternating current occurs due to the voltage drop across the necessary supply line to the neutral electrode a 50 Hz ripple voltage to earth, which the recording devices can also be very disturbing. In the high-frequency surgical device having the invention the safety circuit is therefore operated with filtered DC voltage. The corresponding Circuit is shown in FIG. 3: The secondary side connected to the neutral electrode 10 is shown of the transformer 6 grounded at 21. The transformer 22, which consists of a generator housing 1 housed 50 Hz AC voltage source is fed (not shown), works on the rectifier 23 with smoothing capacitor 24, which is grounded on the one hand at 21 and on the other hand via the relay 25 is connected via the socket 26 of the grounded neutral electrode. If the electrode 10 accidentally or z. B. is not grounded because of a defective lead, the relay 25 drops out and prevents via a control contact that the high-frequency generator can be switched on.
Claims (1)
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