DE1421295A1 - Fuel briquettes and processes for their manufacture - Google Patents

Description

Fuel briquettes and methods of making them. The invention relates to improved smokeless fuels and a manufacturing process and in particular on the production of an .ijfuel, which can be used as a major for charcoal briquettes, or in the same quiet as hard charcoal or Hard charcoal briquettes can be used.

j) ie. Invention provides a smokeless solid fuel that of finely divided carbon mixed with an organic binder and pressed into a shaped mass. consists of finely divided carbon a bulk density in the range of approximately 96-320 g / dm3, a volatile content Ingredients of about 3-15; ö and a particle size in the range of about 5 - 1000 microns and by a-.bubble calcination of bituminous particles a temperature of approximately 620 - 1090 ° C in a gas flow, . the oxygen in an amount of about 125 - 250 dm3 per Per ed. contains bituminous particles which - as uusSandmaterial serving bituminous contain volatile substances in an amount of approximately 14 -, 23, ö, the are normally solid at normal temperatures, but plastic when heated and expand.

The invention also provides a method for preparing a smokeless solid fuel from finely divided bituminous particles, the content of planar substances is about 14-25ö, and which normally solid send at normal temperature, can become plastic and expand when heated, characterized by 3er that the articles are calcined at a temperature of about 62U - 1V90 ° 0 in a gas flow that contains oxygen in an amount of about 125 - 250 dm @ per lg. of bituminous particles, so that at least 10% of the excreted combustible substances that the bartiXel remain unburned in one. nusma: i are heated by whoir as 10900_0 per year, so that the solid expanded product is separated from the vaporous products at a temperature which is not below the temperature at which the eampoid products remain the same, which product has a cream density within a range of 961 52Gg / dm3, a volatile matter content of about 3-15A and an article size in areas of about 5-10 microns that said product is mixed with an organic binder and that the mixture is pressed into a shaped mass .

The objects of the invention can be achieved in that a special kind of finely divided carbon with soda ash or another alkali carbonate and mixed with starch or another organic binder, which mixture is shaped in a .Valzen briquetting press or in an extrusion press or another: device, and that the uriquettes are then dried.

The inventive method including the preparation of the finely divided carbon is shown in detail in the accompanying drawing.-iiach One embodiment of the invention is a special type of finely divided i "ohlenstoft mixed with 2; ö sodium carbonate, @ -7ro corn starch and water, the mixture is shaped, for example, into briquettes, after which the briquettes are air-dried will. .

The preferred binder consists of corn starch; however, other binders can also be used, for example potato starch, dextrin, or other organic binders which burn essentially odorless. If starch is to be used as a binding agent, it is preferably cooked by heating it to about 95.00 with about 30.00 borax, after which the mixture is cooled to 6600. (If boiled starch is used in a mixture, briquetting can be carried out at 660 ° C. With the exception of bituminous binders, all organic binders can be used in the process according to the invention, which are described as binders in the American patent publication iir. 2 017 402 fdr G. Komarek and i .Chapman are listed.

The finely divided carbon used as raw material in the production of the briquettes according to the invention is produced by heat treatment of a special type of bituminous coal, which is capable of expanding to plasticity when heated, the method and the device for producing the said carbon in British Liate Publication No. 786 207. Bituminous hollow particles with a low content of volatile substances (14-23h) are expanded in a gas flow containing oxygen in such an amount that at least 106 of the expelled combustible volatile matter remains unburned *. There are 125 to 250 used än3 per kilogram coal. The reactor is kept at a temperature above 620o0 but below 109000, and the. Particles are heated at a rate of more than 't090 ° 0 per second (surface temperature of the particles). Thereafter, the solid expanded product is separated from the vaporous products. That. Product has a bulk density of 96 - 320 g / dm3 (preferably 192-288 g / dn3), have a particle size within the range of 5 - kikron 1000 and a content of volatile substances. from ? -15y to . The deposited expanded particles can be subjected to a further heat treatment in order to further reduce the content of volatile substances. The examples describe in detail the preparation of this carbon product.

Agents that promote combustion or lower the ignition temperature can be added to the briquettes. These materials include the alkali nitrates, chlorates, or chlorides and the oxides of copper, lead, sodium (such as sodium carbonate), or any other phenical known as combustion promoters or inflammation accelerators in "Bureau of hines Bulletin 404" entitled "Burning of Coal änd Goke -: - reated With Small quantities of Ohemioal "" are listed. Small amounts of other materials such as lime and sawdust from hiokoryhols can be pressed into the briquettes. The addition of lime improves the pre- Darbe the ashes, as the ashes of chalky white BRI briquettes, than the briquette "without Kalkzueat :. The Eiokory wood sawdust not only improves the burning of the briquettes. sdndern also produces -a been peines flavor, and serve, briquettes cooked meat products have a slight hickoryholzgeschmack. It has also been shown that the briquettes can be coated with starch dissolved in water, the thinness of the fines on the surface of the briquettes being reduced so that they can be handled more cleanly. This coating can be made in the ice; that the solution is sprayed onto the briquettes, or they are immersed in the solution and then dried at an elevated temperature.

The reason why the finely divided carbon product of the present invention with success can be used as raw material in the manufacture of these briquettes, can be seen in the fact that due to the method of manufacture and the number of Raw material, the reactivity of the carbon is likely to increase because the surface area compared to that of the original raw material is greatly enlarged. Furthermore, the processing temperatures are sufficiently high, see above that the remaining volatiles do not occur during the burning of the briquettes produce an annoying smell. The surface density of the briquettes according to the invention carbon product used is quite low, so dgss when briquetting Breaking to an acceptable extent can occur without using briquettes excessively high density. The procedure also enables good control the content of volatile constituents of the product. According to the invention Processed briquettes are easy to ignite and burn evenly and generate $ u quickly without smoke or unpleasant smells. The strength of the invention Briquettes look alike. - that of the coal briquette.

One of the advantages over the briquettes according to the invention the Holzxohlebrixetts are the lower costs with the same calorific value. Depending on Intended use of the briquettes these are also produced with other properties will.

It has been found that those made from Starxe and the finely divided carbon described with a controlled low volatile content of about 3-? produced briquettes can be ignited even at what appears to be a high density, if they are used as foundry fuel peat. The ignition temperature can be reduced by adding a small amount of sodium carbonate or other anti-inflammatory agent. When using a gohlenstotl product with a higher content of volatile substances (approx. 'R'15.0) and by using an alkali carbonate as an additive to increase the ignition temperature, briKettes can be produced, which are virtually insensitive to inflammation and the i) density who own wood charcoal briquettes, which are used for cooking in the #W outside. The apparent density of the briquettes can also be increased by mixing the constituents more intensively with one another and providing them with flux prior to briquetting. By determining the volatile content and bulk density of the raw material and regulating the operating conditions, two types of briquettes can be made. A low density product that can be ignited quickly and burns quickly would be suitable for building maintenance needs, while on the other hand, higher density briquettes can be made that burn more slowly and are suitable for restaurants, etc., where the effortless lighting of secondary Meaning is. The content of f iüchtigen substances, and the bulk density of the carbon-containing raw materials described herein were determined by the conventional methods, reference is made to the British beug in the Patentschriit no. 7t36 207th The disclosed novel process is illustrated in the following examples: B e isp i e 1 I A sample of bituminous coal mine Lilly Brook # 3 'with a content of volatile materials of 17ro and a Aache- content of 4.3% was added to 756 -200. grind mesh (72 kikron). Lin reactor identical to that described in British Patent Specification Nr.766 207 was preheated to a temperature of 765o0. The coal was carried along by a stream of air, the ratio of oxygen: coal being 3.0: 1, and then into the reactor at a particle flow rate of 45 cm / sec. directed. Secondary air was fed to the reactor in order to generate a reactor temperature of t350 ° 0-. The expanded solid product was then separated from the pure gaseous product in a cyclone heath operated at a temperature not less than 43,200 so that the vaporous products remained vaporous. The product had a volatile matter content of t3yö, a bulk density of 240g / dm3 and a particle size of 30i6 +150 mesh (97 microns), 52r -2p0 mesh (72 microns) and 376 - 325 = esh (45 microns) on .

Of the finely divided carbon product described above, 100 parts were mixed with 5 parts of pregelatinized corn starch (dry) and 2 parts of sodium carbonate (dry).

There added wurden.50 parts of water, and the mixture was briquetted at room temperature in a roller press. The briquettes were then dried for 3 hours at a temperature of 127-135 ° C. in a high-speed dryer with forced circulation, the moisture content being reduced to 4-5A. The finished briquettes were strong, easily ignited, and burned quickly and. evenly without generating smoke or unpleasant smells. B ei sp i e 1 1I A sample of bituminous 1iohle variety Royalty with a content of 22; 6 of volatile substances and an ash content of 2.5; 6 was ground to -325 mesh 50.66 (45 hiikron). The charcoal was then treated according to the procedure described in Example 1. The product had a volatile content of 13i6, a bulk density of 160g / dm3 and a particle size of 48ü6 t150 me sh (97 Ihikr an), 32f6 -200 me ah (92 microns) and 73o -325 resh (45 inicrons). 100 parts of the finely divided carbon product described above were mixed with 5 parts of pregelatinized corn starch (dry) and 2 parts of sodium carbonate (dry). 50 parts of water were added and the mixture was pressed into briquettes at room temperature in a roller briquetting press, which were then dried for 3 hours at a temperature of 127-135 ° C. in a flash dryer ", with 'the moisture content being 4-5; 6 was reduced :: & 1E. The finished briquette was strong, easily ignited and burned, quickly and evenly without producing smoke or annoying debris. B e i a -P ie 1 IM grain starch was made by heating 5 parts of starch (dry) Boiled in 52 parts of water to about 960C with 3; ö borax, after which the mixture was cooled to e500. This corn starch solution was mixed with 100 parts of the finely divided carbon product described in Example I and with 2 parts of sodium carbonate (trocxen) A roller briquetting press is pressed into briquettes at a temperature of 6500, which is dried for 3 hours in a high-speed dryer at a temperature of 127 - 13500 the moisture content was reduced to 4-5; ö. The finished briquette was strong, easily ignited and burned quickly and evenly without producing a breath or unpleasant smell. B ice p "i e 1 IV A sample of bituminous ülinenxohle, variety LillybroGK A0.3 with a content of 1776 volatile Stoffeng 4,37o mullet was 75;. (Buikron 72) b -200 mesh ground A reactor equal to that in the British No. 786e-07 was preheated to a temperature of 96500. A stream of air was enriched with coal such that the ratio: oxygen / carbon was 3.0 / 1 and then into the reactor at a particle velocity of 45 cm / sec .. The reactor was supplied with secondary air to produce a reactor temperature of 85000. The expanded solid product was then separated from the gaseous products in a cyclone separator operated at a temperature of not less than 43200 so that the vaporous products The separated particles were then conveyed to the top of a second vertical reactor, to which secondary air was supplied to bring the temperature to 't070.degree The residual volatile matter remaining on the surface of the particles was burned off. The finished product had a content of 3.0 flat fabrics, a rubble density of 240S / dm @ and an article; röbe of 16i +150 mesh (97 ü: ikxon), 71; ö -200 mesh (r22 ivlixron) and 44; ö -325 mesh (45 microns). Corn starch was heated by heating 5 parts starch (dry) in 52 parts diasser to about 96o0 with 3 ;; 2 borax and then cooled to 65o0. This cereal starch solution was mixed with 100 parts of the finely divided hollow product described above and pressed into briquettes in a roller briquetting press at a temperature of 050 (3, which were then pressed for 3 hours at a temperature of 121-135 ° in a 5 high-speed dryer , the moisture content was reduced to 4-5; Ö The finished brixette was creditable and burned -evenly without smoke or funny things to generate. Example 1 V Using the carbon product described in Example 1, aas method according to Example 111 was applied with the exception that instead of being briquetted in a briquetting press, the mixture of starch, carbon product and sodium carbonate was extruded into an extrusion press at a temperature of 27 ° C. The solid fuel products were then prepared according to the method described in Example 111. The finished solid fuel was vigorous, easy to ignite and burns quickly and evenly without producing smoke or annoying noises.

Claims (1)

claim 1) Smokeless solid fuel made of finely divided coal, which is mixed with an organic binder and pressed into a shaped lv..asse, characterized in that the finely divided carbon has a bulk density of approximately 96 - 320 g / dm3, a content of about 3 - 15j6 volatiles and a particle size of about 5 - has 1000 microns and QUICKCALC $ ination bituminous Paatikel at a temperature of about 62U - was made in a gas flow 109000, the oxygen in an beenge of about 125-250 dm3 per kg of bituminous particles, the bituminous particles used as starting material contain volatile substances in a teenge of approximately 14 - 23; ö, are normally solid at normal temperatures, but can become plastic and expand when heated. Smokeless solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an ignition agent. 3) A method for producing a smokeless solid fuel from finely divided bituminous particles with a content of 14-23> o of volatile substances that are solid at normal temperature, but can become plastic when heated and expand, characterized in that the Particles are rapidly calcined at a temperature of about 620-109000 in a gas flow that contains oxygen in an amount of approximately 1 25-250 dm3 per JLg of bituminous 1'artilkel, so that at least 1U% of the excreted combustible volatile substances remain unchanged, when the particles are heated to an extent of more than 10,9000 per second that the solid expanded product is separated from the vaporous products at a temperature which is not below the temperature at which the vaporous products remain vaporous, which said product a 2; hüttdichte 96-520 g / c.m5, a content of approximately 3- 15 b of volatile It is necessary and has an article size of approximately 5 - 'LOGO microns that the said product is mixed with an organic binder and that the mixture is pressed into a shaped mass. 4) The method according to claim 3, characterized in that aas said product with a. Ignition agent and that it is mixed, that the organic binder is added to the resulting mixture, and that the finished bodies are compacted and dried. 5) Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the ignition agent consists of sodium carbonate. 6) Method according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that said mixture is pressed into briquettes. ?) The method according to claim 3, characterized in that said product is mixed with sodium carbonate and corn starch that water is added to the mixture that the Mixture is pressed into briquettes, and that the finished briyettes ; etroc, e.net become. zi) Process for the production of a raucril-free solid .Brenrl- fabrics made from finely divided bituminous articles z: with one each stop from 14 - about at f1.achtigen, fabrics that at norr @: alen 2eu.peratures are normally fixed, with .n: rhitzun however pla- can become stable and expand, characterized by that the articles are rapidly calcined at a temperature of about 62V - 1090o0 in a basal current that contains oxygen in a quantity of about 125-250 dm3 per kg of bituminous 2arti-Kel, so that at least 10z'ö of the excreted combustible volatile substances That particle remains unburned are heated to an extent of more than 1090c0 per second, that the solid expanded product from the daupffirmigen pro- uukten is deposited at a temperature which is not below the temperature at which all dome-shaped rproducts remain in vapor form, which product is called a , Äctidttdensity. of about, their 5b - 320 g / dm3, a content of un- Fahr 3 - 15; ö on flat materials and a particle size of about 5 - 10G0 kikron that gas penan: .te rroduj £ t mixed with an ignition agent, boiled starch and water, and. ; take the finished bodies compacted and dried. Procedure for making a smokeless test .örenn- material made from finely divided bituminous. -art: ikel, clie approximately 14 - 22; ö f 1 contain strong substances, which are normally solid at normal temperatures, but plastic when heated: can ground and expand, characterized by the fact that the articles at a temperature of about e2 () - 109G ° 0 in a gas ströü.unö quickly calcined, the acidity i, 1 of a ty_en # e from unöefxhr U5 - 250 dw3 per kg of bituu.inöser aartikel contains, so that at least 16; one selected: iedenc-n brennc, -ren fl @ cc.üti @ en ötofte remain unadulterated that the r'artilcel wit a sesch.lin-- A duration of more than 1U9O @ J per second heats that the best expaaaaed rroduxt from uen uau.pf f oru.i@cn troau @ ten is divorced at a temperature not below the that temperature is at which all aaupifvriLi #; en products dawpfforwig remain, which called rrod.uxt a @ ch @ .ttdensity of about 96-320 g / has dmi, approx .Your 3-15; o f lächtige Contains substances and a 1-article size of about j - 1U (; 0 üii- kron owns that said product with some organic binaeLitzel vexu. is mixed that cnas seL-isch to a formated j, .asse is pressed that the shaped u.0.sse with au JL @ i'GU; j from starch dissolved in water, and that the processed products are dried.