DE142057C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE142057C DE142057C DENDAT142057D DE142057DA DE142057C DE 142057 C DE142057 C DE 142057C DE NDAT142057 D DENDAT142057 D DE NDAT142057D DE 142057D A DE142057D A DE 142057DA DE 142057 C DE142057 C DE 142057C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- salts
- cerium
- collector
- pole electrode
- zinc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002999 depolarising Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940091251 Zinc Supplements Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 cerium superoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical class [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYYDSUSKLWTMMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetyl)oxy]-8lambda^{5}-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-pyrrolidin]-8-ylium Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C(=O)OC(C1)CC2CCC1[N+]21CCCC1 OYYDSUSKLWTMMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000761 Aluminium amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002964 excitative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
Die vorliegende Erregerflüssigkeit ist gekennzeichnet durch ihren Gehalt an Cersalzen. Ihre Anwendung stützt sich auf einige neue, vom Erfinder gemachte Beobachtungen, die im folgenden vorerst kurz geschildert werden mögen.The present excitation fluid is characterized by its cerium salt content. Her Application relies on some new observations made by the inventor that were made in the the following may be briefly described for the time being.
Die Lösungen der von den Cersuperoxyden sich ableitenden Salze wirken in der galvanischen Zelle in hohem Maße erregend und depolarisierend. Dies gilt vornehmlich von den Cerisulfaten.The solutions of the salts derived from the cerium superoxides act in the galvanic Cell excitatory and depolarizing to a high degree. This is especially true of the cerium sulphates.
Bei der Elektrolyse der Cerosalze bilden sich außer den von Sesquioxyd Ce2 O3 und Dioxyd Ce O2 sich ableitenden Salzen je nach dem Verdünnungsgrad und der Basizität der Lösung noch viele andere Verbindungen. Die Bildung der Cerisalze erfolgt bei genügender Oberfläche der Elektroden überaus leicht. So rasch nun die Oxydation der Cersalze vor sich geht, ebenso schnell erfolgt ihre Desoxydation bei Einwirkung gewisser, stark reduzierend wirkender Stoffe, wie z. B. Wasserstoff im status nascens.In the electrolysis of the cerium salts, besides the salts derived from sesquioxide Ce 2 O 3 and dioxide Ce O 2 , many other compounds are formed, depending on the degree of dilution and the basicity of the solution. The formation of the cerium salts takes place extremely easily if the surface of the electrodes is sufficient. As quickly as the oxidation of the cerium salts goes on, their deoxidation takes place just as quickly under the action of certain strongly reducing substances, such as. B. Hydrogen in status nascens.
Cerisulfat zersetzt sich bekanntlich in nicht stark sauerer, wässeriger Lösung leicht unter Bildung von schwer löslichen, mehr oder weniger Ce O2 enthaltenden, basischen Salzen. Diese Zersetzung wird durch die Gegenwart von Zinksulfat verhindert. Neutrale Zinkvitriollösungen lösen basisches Cerisalz unter Bildung eigentümlicher, sehr leicht löslicher Salze auf. Ähnlich wie Zinkvitriol verhalten sich die Sulfate von Kadmium, Lithium, Aluminium und vieler anderer Elemente.It is known that cerium sulphate decomposes easily in aqueous solution which is not strongly acidic with the formation of poorly soluble, more or less Ce O 2 -containing, basic salts. This decomposition is prevented by the presence of zinc sulfate. Neutral zinc vitriol solutions dissolve basic cerium salt with the formation of peculiar, very easily soluble salts. The sulfates of cadmium, lithium, aluminum and many other elements behave similarly to zinc vitriol.
Cerisalzlösungen greifen, so heftig deren oxydierende Wirkung im allgemeinen ist, sonderbarerweise selbst leicht zerstörbare organische Körper wie Cellulose nicht in erheblichem Maße an. Die reine Cerosulfatlösung wird ebenso wie eine Cerozinksulfatlösung durch reines Zink nicht zersetzt. Ähnlich verhält sich reines Aluminium, Kadmium und viele andere Metalle und deren Amalgame, ausgenommen Aluminiumamalgam.Ceris salt solutions, however violent their oxidizing effect in general, take effect, strangely enough even easily destructible organic bodies such as cellulose do not show any significant amounts. The pure cerosulphate solution will in the same way as a cerium zinc sulfate solution is not decomposed by pure zinc. Behaves similarly pure aluminum, cadmium and many other metals and their amalgams, excepted Aluminum amalgam.
Zum Aufbau der negativen Polelektrode können folglich viele Metalle in Anwendung kommen, und zwar eignen sich alle jene Metalle, deren Salze in wässeriger Lösung unter Metallabscheidung elektrolysierbar sind, in wässeriger Lösung sich zu oxydieren vermögen und nicht zersetzend auf die Cerlösung einwirken. Zu diesen zählen beispielsweise Zink, Kadmium, Blei und deren Amalgame.As a result, many metals can be used to construct the negative pole electrode come, and all those metals are suitable, their salts in aqueous solution under Metal deposition are electrolyzable, capable of being oxidized in aqueous solution and do not have a decomposing effect on the cerium solution. These include, for example, zinc, Cadmium, lead and their amalgams.
Der Elektrolyt besteht in diesen Fällen aus einer wässerigen Lösung der Cersalze und der betreffenden Schwermetallsalze.The electrolyte in these cases consists of an aqueous solution of the cerium salts and the heavy metal salts concerned.
Da der Sammler in vielen Fällen technisch um so günstiger arbeitet, je konzentrierter der Elektrolyt in bezug auf Cerg ehalt und Kathodenmetall ist, ist es im allgemeinen vorteilhaft, Gemenge verschiedener Salze anzuwenden. Hierzu eignen sich alle Salze und Doppelsalze, die im Wasser reichlich löslich sind und auf das Kathodenmetall nicht zersetzend einwirken.Since in many cases the collector works technically more favorably, the more concentrated the collector Electrolyte with regard to cerium content and cathode metal, it is generally advantageous Use a mixture of different salts. All salts and double salts are suitable for this, which are richly soluble in water and do not have a decomposing effect on the cathode metal.
Beim Laden des Sammlers erfolgt die Abscheidung des die negative Polelektrode aufbauenden Metalles, z. B. Zink, bei den meisten Salzen wie den Sulfaten, in zusammenhängendem, rein metallischem Zustande. Eine eigentümliche Ausnahme hiervon bilden stark nitrathaltige Lösungen. Aus ihnen scheiden sich schwarze, cerhaltige Krusten oder, wenn sieWhen the collector is charged, the deposition of the negative pole electrode takes place Metal, e.g. B. Zinc, with most salts such as sulfates, in a coherent, purely metallic condition. A peculiar exception to this are those with a high concentration of nitrates Solutions. Black, cerium-containing crusts separate from them or, if they do
Ammonsalze enthalten, gelbe, mit angesäuertem Wasser Wasserstoff entwickelnde Produkte ab, die einen regelmäßigen Betrieb des Sammlers ausschließen.Containing ammonium salts, yellow, with acidified Water evolving products from the regular operation of the collector exclude.
Für die positive Polelektrode eignet sich reiner Kohlenstoff am besten. Die der unmittelbaren Einwirkung des Stromes ausgesetzten Teile der Oberfläche der Elektrode sollen aus homogenem Kohlenstoff bestehen.Pure carbon is best suited for the positive pole electrode. That of the immediate Parts of the surface of the electrode exposed to the action of the current should consist of homogeneous carbon.
ίο Gewöhnliche, aus Kohlepulver in der bekannten Weise erzeugte Elektroden sind nicht empfehlenswert, da sie bei Überladung leicht zerbröckeln oder zerstäuben.ίο Ordinary, made of coal powder in the well-known Well-made electrodes are not recommended as they crumble easily when overcharged or atomize.
Alle Arten von Ausführungsformen, die man elektrischen Stromsammlern bisher gegeben hat, können für die Cersammler in Anwendung gebracht werden; im allgemeinen wird es sich empfehlen, die Erregerflüssigkeit dem jeweiligen Ladungs- und Entladungsstrome entsprechend durch die Zelle strömen zu lassen. Die positive Polelekfrode sei stets von möglichst großer Oberfläche und gestatte das Durchströmen des Elektrolyten.All kinds of embodiments that have been given to electric current collectors so far can be used for cer collectors; generally it will recommend that the excitation fluid be used in accordance with the respective charge and discharge currents to flow through the cell. The positive pole electrode is always as large as possible Surface and allow the electrolyte to flow through.
Was im vorstehenden über die leicht löslichen Cerosalze gesagt wurde, gilt im allgemeinen auch für die schwer löslichen Salze, namentlich dann, wenn die positive Polelektrode sie in fein verteilter Form enthält.What has been said above about the easily soluble cerium salts applies in general also for the sparingly soluble salts, especially when the positive pole electrode contains them in finely divided form.
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE142057C true DE142057C (en) |
Family
ID=409640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT142057D Active DE142057C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE142057C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1092076B (en) * | 1958-08-12 | 1960-11-03 | Accumulatoren Fabrik Ag | Positive electrode for gas- and liquid-tight electrical accumulators with alkaline electrolytes |
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0
- DE DENDAT142057D patent/DE142057C/de active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1092076B (en) * | 1958-08-12 | 1960-11-03 | Accumulatoren Fabrik Ag | Positive electrode for gas- and liquid-tight electrical accumulators with alkaline electrolytes |
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