DE1418939B - Apparatus for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to the improvement of a pre. central ring-shaped nozzles in the combustion chamber

direction to initiate the production of unsaturated carbon.

Hydrogen by thermal splitting of coal is also from the Belgian patent

Hydrogen in a stream of hot combustion 559 843 and Austrian patent 210 867

gases, consisting of a combustion chamber with 5 known, in such a method the to be split

directly into these opening nozzles for the hydrocarbons at a point whose

separate introduction of oxygen or oxygen - diameter is smaller than that of the combustion chamber,

containing gas and fuel, from one with the combustion radially into the flow of hot combustion gases

spray chamber connected reaction chamber and then the gas mixture obtained

and an inlet ίο connecting the two chambers to cool.

part for the axial supply of the coal to be split A device has already been described

Hydrogen, which has a smaller diameter (British patent 789 344), in the case of carbon

than the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber. hydrogen and oxygen-containing gas also through

The object of this invention is to create an annular channel and supply the gas flows with economical, effective and permanent device by laterally changing the position of a centering, with which acetylene and ethylene can be influenced by thermal bodies by means of adjusting screws, decomposition of hydrocarbons can be obtained. Here, however, a premixing of the skills is required. To solve this problem, of course, gases must be required. It is also already known to regulate the gas, the conditions of the preheating temperature, the burning rate through displacement bodies and the raw materials, the reaction and waste materials (German Auslegeschrift 1 081 448).
Quenching temperature, the flame speed such as Finally, it is already known from the Belgian patent specification also the flow condition of the flame and 571 054, fuel and oxygen raw material gases are fixed, and in addition or oxygen-containing gas directly into the combustion Introduce chamber, but the width of the substance and oxygen are reduced as possible. 25 nozzle openings cannot be regulated.
The loss of heat generated by the flame, on the other hand, is the amount through the vessel wall, characterized according to the invention, that the heat is effective for the decomposition of the raw irish, ring-shaped nozzles 10, 11 for the introduction of substances and can also be used to maintain the desired high fuel and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas temperatures. 30 are provided, which by a fixed,

A previously known combustion process for the cylindrical outer shell 7 and adjustable parts 8,9

Fuels is the so-called premixing process, in which to independently adjust the width of each

the gaseous fuel and oxygen or sour nozzle openings 10,11 are formed,

Substance-containing gases are preheated and mixed and this device is preferably designed in such a way that

a nozzle or an atomizer for generating flame 35 that the concentric, annular nozzles 10, 11

can be injected into a combustion chamber. These for the separate introduction of oxygen or acidic

For numerous decomposition furnaces, gas and fuel are one with each other

easier to use. However, it is after- forming angles of 40 to 90 °.

part that the nozzle causes premature ignition, so with such a device according to the invention that a complete mixing of the fuel gases 40 can constantly create a stable, cylindrical flame Oxygen or oxygen-containing gases are difficult to maintain, which have no tendency to Verird; also the flame tends to go out. Insbe- delete has. The possibility of the formation of back peculiarities If the flame bounces after being injected by fire, it is switched off. Since the flame is stable, it is cylindrical The nozzle before the reaction with the raw material is on the threshing, it does not hit the furnace wall, whereby Wall of the combustion chamber, so that on the furnace wall 45 the heat loss on the furnace wall on a mini considerable heat losses occur, whereby the mum is maintained. This also makes the furnace wall Wall material of the furnace damaged by incineration losses not by burning, which offends a, significant source of danger is switched off.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, one has already

Fuel gases and oxygen separately explained in detail with a constant voltage. It shows

Flow rate into the combustion chamber a F i g. 1 shows a schematic section through a

guided, namely the fuel through fine, on device for carrying out the decomposition of

holes distributed in concentric circles and the hydrocarbons according to the invention,

Oxygen through acidic F i g. 2 shows a view along the line aa ' in FIG. 1

fabric nozzles. In this procedure the flame is cut as 55,

Whole of cylindrical shape without being shown in FIG. 3 is a partial view of a modified out of direct contact with the furnace wall, so that guide shape of the partition wall 9 and
Heat losses and due to the high temperature F i g. 4 shows a plan view of a nozzle plate provided with a number of conditional combustion losses of the furnace wall in the absence of nozzles.

come. However, when the gases pass through the fine 60 In F i g. 1 is a combustion chamber with 1 and with 2

Holes are introduced, the gas flow rate are called a reaction chamber. According to the invention

and the type of gases and thus the application forms that between an outer jacket 7 and the

limited range of such a burner. central guide part 9 arranged adjustable cyclic

Furthermore, it is already known (Belgian patent lindric nozzle piece 8 concentric cylindrical 586 010), for the splitting of hydrocarbons 65 passages 3 and 4, and at the inlet of the fuel Concentric openings 10 and 11 are created for hot carrier gases, oxygen or an oxygen chamber Containing gas and gaseous fuel with a formed so that fuel or oxygen in suitable speed from ICO to 2C0 m / sec. can be injected through possible directions, where

3 4

for the purpose explained below between the individual flame units, so that

cross. The middle part Γ of the stove between which the average flame density is less than

Combustion chamber 1 and the reaction chamber 2 is that of a cylindrical flame, according to the invention

constricts with a smaller diameter than the combustion is produced by ring-shaped nozzle burners, so that

chamber. At this part, a number of 5 the capacity of the combustion chamber is correspondingly larger

Guide lines 5 must be for conveying the coal.

hydrogen gas is provided while 6 the furnace wall can finally be used to complete the whole Refractory material that constitutes a mixture of fuel and oxygen in a short time outer jacket of the reaction furnace forms. With 12 time a screw 9 ', as in FIG. 3 shown in Inlet pipes for water are to be attached to quench the io interior of the oxygen inlet pipe, termed thermally decomposed gases. The cylindrical around the oxygen as it enters the fuel nozzle wall 8 and, if desired, give the middle guide chamber a slow rotational movement, tion part 9 are designed so that their positions thereby the gases are effectively mixed. shifted in the vertical direction regardless of 7 If the combustion under severe conditions and thereby the gap of the openings 10 and 11 15 is carried out, there is a tendency that the can be regulated. The combustible preheated burner surface can be damaged. then th gases and oxygen are through concentric a cooling of the parts 7, 8 and 9 through cylindrical passages 3 and 4 and the openings 10 is required to pass cooling water through them, and 11 fed to the combustion chamber. The length of the combustion chamber should be completely

According to various studies on the relative combustion, it should be sufficient. It depends on tive positions of the inlet openings 10 and 11 for the flame speed and the type of According to the invention, fuel or oxygen was released from gases. The results of investigations of the found that the flame in the direction of the result- inventors showed on various fuels that, result from the vector of the fuel passage when the nozzles described above are used, through the opening 10 and the oxygen vector 25 a length of 100 to 250 mm from the injection passage is generated by the opening 11. The surface of the gases is sufficient. accordingly, by suitable choice of the inputs, the raw hydrocarbons should be taken immediately after Injection speeds and the angle of combustion- complete combustion are injected, and substance and oxygen the flame formed in this way is cylindrical under the condition that their mixing and can be set parallel to the furnace axis without being carried out with the combustion gas in a short time that it comes into contact with the wall. Im can be. For this purpose it is desirable Otherwise, the flow rate of the injection rate can be sufficiently large Opening gaps 10 and 11 gases passing through the hold and the reverse flow of the raw coal water requirements be changed accordingly, as the substances in the combustion chamber are largely avoided. Width of the openings 10 and 11 by sliding 35. For this purpose, the raw material injection openings should be 8 with respect to FIG. 9 in a predetermined position on the part 1 'with a smaller diameter is variable so that a fuel gas of a suitable kind than that of the combustion chamber can be arranged as in FIG and also any desired fuel and oxygen fuel. 1 shown.

amount can be used. The above description applies to the case that The scope of application of a furnace system is considerable - only one set of nozzles is used. However, it can continues. When calculating the furnace, the nozzle piece arises from many nozzle sets in a suitable problem the determination of the inlet angle of the split layer at the top of the combustion chamber for fuel and oxygen and the distance between stand. F i g. 4 shows an embodiment in which you. a number of nozzles are arranged.

The arrangement of the oxygen nozzle on the inner 45 The invention is illustrated by the following examples

side causes the moving away of the explained in more detail by the combustion:

resulting very hot core from the furnace wall. _. -I ₁

When the injection angle of fuel and Sauer- B e 1 s ρ ι e 1 1

The fuel should be kept large and the distance between propane fuel

them small and the flow velocity comparable 50 _{A device was as shown in F g} j. 1 _geze IGT,

is larger, the ignition point approaches that used _{with the following data} : flame of the burner top (F 1 g. 1, line aa),

so that the combustion losses of the burner upper combustion chamber diameter 70 mm

increase in area. On the other hand, if the injection length is 165 mm

Keeping the angle of fuel and oxygen small 55

becomes and the distance between them large and the diameter of the part 1 'through which the

Flow rate is lower, the raw materials will be injected 35mm

Gaps between the injection ports and the diameter of the oxygen inlet ring 43.5 mm

Inflammation point larger. In addition, the through- τ ^, ^ ·, ο ·

Mixture of fuel and oxygen insufficient, 60 S " ⁰¹ ™ ⁶⁵ ^ ^d ^ ^s . Propane gas inlet ring 50.5 mm

thereby increasing the combustion chamber ER ^{length of} R ^ gduse _for oxygen .... 1.5 mm

becomes necessary, and the heat losses increase in the vicinity of the ring nozzle for fuel 1.0 mm

part of the optimal linear speed crossing angle of the two nozzles ... 60 °

is between 50 and 350 m / sec. and the cheapest

Injection angle between 40 and 90 °. 65 This device was fed 1.79 Nm ³ /

A cylindrical flame coming out through nozzles of min. Oxygen, 0.358 Nm ³ / min. Propane fuel,

fine holes injected gases as at 1.67 kg / min. Crude oil and 1.0 Nm ³ / min. Steam,

known devices is formed, has gaps which were fed together with the crude oil. This

Substances were reacted with one another, after which the gas mixture had the following composition:

13.33% CO ₂ 25.8% CO

8.35% C ₂ H ₂ 32.76% H ₂

9.50% C ₂ H ₄ 10.26% CH ₄

The overall yield of C ₂ H ₂ + C ₂ H ₄ was 46.3%. All of the gases supplied had been preheated to 200 ° C beforehand.

Example 2

Propane hydrogen fuels

In the same apparatus as in Example 1, the width of the fuel injection nozzle was set to 1.5 mm and the reaction was carried out. The gas quantities passed through were as follows: oxygen 1.434 Nm ³ / min., Hydrogen 1.673 Nm ³ / min., Propane 0.1195 Nm 3 / min., Crude oil 1.34 kg / min, and steam 1.0 Nm ³ / min. All gases have been preheated to 200 ⁰ C. The composition of the gas after the reaction was as follows:

6.03% CO ₂

10.40% C ₂ H,

9.65% C ₂ H ₄

17.90% CO
46.14% H,
9.88% CH ₄

The overall yield of C ₂ H ₂ + C ₂ H ₄ was 51.9%.

Example 3

Use of obtained by the reaction
Gases as fuel

been warmed. The composition of the
mixture after the reaction was as follows:

33.0% CO 10.35% C ₂ H ₂

5.61% CH ₄
11.38% CO ₂

3.91% C ₂ H ₄
35.5% H ₂

30th

In the same device as in Example 1, a screw 9 '(Fig. 3) was used for oxygen injection to make the gas rotate. The gas quantities passed through were as follows: oxygen 1.33 Nm ³ / min., Fuel 2.33 Nm ³ / min., Crude oil 1.443 kg / min., Steam 0.23 Nm ³ / min. All gases were at 25O ⁰ C before-through separation of CO _2, C ₂ H ₂ and C ₂ H ₄ gas described above was used as a fuel. The total yield of C ₂ H ₂ + C ₂ H ₄ was 46.38 ⁰ J _0th

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1. Device for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in a stream of hot combustion gases consisting of a combustion chamber with nozzles opening directly into these for the separate introduction of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas and fuel, from a reaction chamber in communication with the combustion chamber and one of the two Inlet part connecting chambers for the axial supply of the hydrocarbons to be split, which has a smaller diameter than the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber, thereby characterized in that concentric, annular nozzles (10, 11) for introduction of fuel and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas are provided by a solid arranged, cylindrical outer jacket (7) and adjustable parts (8, 9) for independent adjustment the width of the respective nozzle openings (10, 11) are formed. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentric, annular Nozzles (10, 11) for the separate introduction of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas and fuel form an angle of 40 to 90 ° with each other. 1 sheet of drawings