DE1413450A1 - Capacitor igniter - Google Patents

Description

Dr. Ing. E. BERKENFELD ■ Dipl.-Ing. H. BERKENFELD, patent attorneys, Cologne Annex _ File number ^{P l4} 13

on the submission of July 10, 1963 Wl. Name d. Note planer

Condensate ignition machine

The invention relates to a capacitor ignition machine.

The inventive condenser blasting machine is everywhere Used where; Jp renp; .lädun p; en and the like electrical In particular, the ignition machine according to the invention is used in mining, in tunneling and the like related where there are particularly high demands on security be asked. These requirements ran inter alia. in this, daft lie ignition no. takes place at a precisely defined point in time.

DiG inventions kit?> E condens at or ignition system contains z. T 3. It is known to verviendenj a power source a connectible to this charging capacitor _u ei-OK ν "οη Ladeaustana of, capacitor-monitoring and on reaching the SchiejP.spannunr igniting gas discharge tube • ie it further is · bakannt where! To arrange an electronic switch on the conductor line, with which the capacitor runs to the shooting line upon reaching the EöllsOannunp ^ p-ele ^ t vrii'Uj and an RC-Oliedj that has at least one pole on the r.cliiofleitun; ¹ and the shooting voltage ; a certain r.oit short-circuits after the charging capacitor has been switched on by barallel, Tc ^ ilten of an electronic switch.

3or I "f ir inäun'p ¹ Ii 3-t .ils- object au ^ rur / ie, such 2'ünd-. .Nschine form so that the ignition erfolrt at an exactly festle _t -baren The time. Ignition should only take place if the operator is positive, after a

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I Intp.rlane> n fAri. 7 «1 Para. 2 No. 1 Clause 3 of the AmexunflSfle®. y. 4.9. V&T

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Test lamp has indicated that the capacitor has reached the charging voltage. The circuit is then ready for operation and the capacitor can discharge through the ignition cable. This prevents the ignition from going off in the event of an unforeseen incident which would make the ignition dangerous _} after the charging capacitor has already been connected to voltage. The invention achieves this object in that the gas discharge tube is connected in series with the control electrode of the electronic switch. The electronic switch is preferably designed as a controllable diode.

These circuit details lead to a safety factor which is not the case with the known blasting machines.

For example, Belgian patent specification 539 ^ 3o a so-called disconnection device, in which only the duration of the passage of current "through the ignition line through the Time constant of an RC circuit is determined. This is not a sufficient circuit to connect to the control grid of the thyratron to apply high voltage so that the thyratron conducts and ensures the short circuit. The duration of the current passage hcnnt from Ignition time of the thyratron and thus whether the grid voltage is brought to the ignition value in good time and precisely can. If the grid voltage source fluctuates or is insufficient the ignition timing can vary considerably.

In another known circuit according to the patent application H 17 252 IVa / 78e depends on the capacitor discharge time depends on how the discharge curve of the main capacitor is between its output voltage and the reverse voltage of the thyratron runs. This circuit therefore does not allow an exact setting the egg discharge time. The discharge voltage is not accurate fixed. On the other hand, the time constant is also variable, since the resistance R I is temporarily parallel to the resistance.

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R of the ignition cable is located.

When switching according to DAS 1.126.980, the point in time is the power interruption is not as precisely determined as with the subject of the registration, because the charging time of the delayed RC circuit depends on the voltage of the capacitor at a point in time depends if it is already discharging.

In the invention, on the other hand, the duration of the passage of current becomes precisely defined, since the starting point is also precisely defined.

With every comparison with the state of the art, it falls to additional security offered by the subject of the application. When working with explosives, this security is special considerable.

The duration of the registration is limited during the ignition current can flow through the ignition cable. For this purpose a diode is used, which is located between zx-three points on the discharge curve of the capacitor is working. Instead of this diode, other elements can also be used, as described in the description are listed.

This diode also offers the further advantage of one thing small volume. With the same power and less heating, this volume is around the fiftieth part of the volume of a tube.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the main circuit not by a mechanical switch, but is controlled by an electronic switch. Fluctuations and errors resulting from natural wear and tear of a mechanical switchgear are no longer applicable.

Those switches of the blasting machine according to the invention that 'are mechanical, work at very low voltages and Stream. This is just a few volts for that

GO £ 8 0.2 / 0 16 Jv

Charging the capacitor through the battery and by a few milliamps for igniting the diode that makes up the capacitor releases for discharge.

The capacitor ignition machine according to the invention is in the claim 1 and characterized in the subclaims. In its entirety, this blasting machine according to the invention or Circuit has the following advantages over the prior art:

1. The circuit is only functional with a certain safety voltage.

2. The ignition is triggered exactly at a point in time in which a safe ignition is guaranteed.

3. The duration of the current passage through the ignition cable · becomes exactly limited.

4. Replacing a relay with a transistor avoids that Use of changeable mechanical contacts in the main circuit. The circuit can be miniaturized and shockproof form.

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The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawing-πνϊΐ- -described most circuits. E0 show:

Fig. 1, 2 and 3 different versions of the © rfindunsssemSfien Circuit,

FI3. 4 and 5 possible Abwandlungs.der the circuit of the figures 1, 2, 5 controlled diodes used

Bio circuit arrangement is now on the Boftspiel in I ⁷ Ig. 1 go £ v. ^! i £ fcen execution explained further. The circuit contains a casiehstroinquelle 1 of lower power. This DC jellyfish lives Ίϊα general a transistor converter with downstream rectifier. The internal resistance of the direct current source is shown as a resistance 2. In the charging line A there is a changeover switch 3 · With this, the capacitor 4 can either be switched on to the direct current source 1 or to an Ijöerstand 15 *. ": 3 ^ which it discharges when the Anoränussg is switched off · - parallel cn C ~>., The capacitor 4 is connected to the discharge circuit B. The ignition cable L, α: ι - as several, not shown, electrical ignition capsules are connected, is closed to the discharge circuit B. A controlled diode 6 is in the return line between the ignition cable L u. id dem .iondensafcor 4 * The charging voltage of the capacitor K is fed to the control electrode 6a of the diode via a series connection of aaa v.'luoratand 7 and a gas discharge tube 8. In the discharge circuit B there is also a self-resistance 16. This creates the circuit Too "low * resistance - of the ignition cable L from overcurrents.

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It can already be seen now that the circuit is said first Condition met that nUnilich the ignition cable L only then with the Laöocspannung the capacitor 4 is applied when this one has reached the predetermined minimum value.

To switch on the circuit arrangement, the changeover switch 2 is connected to the charging circuit A and the capacitor 4 is charged by the direct current source 1 until its voltage reaches the ignition voltage of the gas discharge tube 8. This then becomes conductive and eiriStroia, the level of which is determined by the resistor 7, runs through the control electrode 6a of the diode 6, whereby dieco also becomes conductive. If at this moment the switch 5 is turned over, voltage is applied to the ignition cable L and the current passing through it ignites the K detonators provided. If the interrupter 5 is turned over before the gas discharge tube 8 lights up, the ignition cable L remains de-energized, since the control electrode 6a is still de-energized and the diode 6 is blocked. This ensures the desired protection. According to the following conditions * the Stroia river tent should be limited by the ignition cable. For this purpose, a © diode is selected that works from a certain threshold voltage. The discharge curve of a condenser gate gives a specific voltage word in every moment of time. To limit the current flow time, it is therefore sufficient to use a diode that works between voltage values on the discharge curve, the voltage values being very close to fc

lie or can encompass a large area. \ H X7 / 2 -, - * - Λ

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In any case, the invention offers © in means with which the Durohflussseit can easily be influenced and directly influenced the mode of operation of the circle explained above

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For this purpose a diode IJ is provided, which is connected to the line B before the connection of the diode 6 and which allows a capacitor 18 to be charged to the same value as that to which the capacitor 4 charges, whereby one of the discharge bases the capacitor 4 independent power reserve © is formed. An adjustable WM erstand 1 $ is located in the discharge circuit C of the capacitor 18 and, together with a capacitor 20 connected to the line B behind the diode 6, forms an EC-Clied, doöccn zoom constant depending on the desired for the ignition cable L, ui Stro. ?, passage time is set. This RC element is connected to voltage via the switch 5 at the same time as the ignition cable. A Zener diode 21 lying parallel to the line B enables the passage of the strut flowing through the resistor 19 through the control electrode of a controlled diode 22, which is in series with this resistor as soon as it is on the l'.onaonsatar 20 builds up voltage, the working voltage of the ZeneiC- '· diode 21 reaches At this time, the controlled diode 22 becomes conductive and thus closes the ignition cable L short. This makes it currentless and ensures that the capacitor 4 is discharged quickly.

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment. The ange in the capacitor 4

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stored current i? u2 on its uog in the ignition cable L through the controlled diode 6. At the moment in which the switch to ignite the ignition capsules lying in the ignition cable L is thrown, the controlled diode 6 is blocked, so that the entire charge of the capacitor 4 is connected to its terminals and therefore also

dc: .i consisting of the resistor 7, the capacitor 2h and the röliro 3 appears. If the voltage is sufficient, this and a short current pulse, the size of which depends on the three two-pole forming elements, passes through the control electrode of the controlled diode 6 and is really conductive. ;; cr stream then flows into the Zönclkabsl L. In the outer block of the unile ^ en of the switch 5, the voltage of a condenser 18, which is connected to the line B upstream of the diode 6, is fed to an RC circuit parallel to this line, öcr consists of an adjustable resistor 19 and a condenser 20. If the voltage across the capacitor 20 reaches a certain Vfert, the gas supply, which is in series with the resistor 19 , ignites and a short current pulse, which corresponds to the discharge of the parallel capacitor 20, runs through the circuit one with the gas discharge tube 21 in series lia- {-onüzri transformer 2 ^ · The voltage occurring at the secondary voltage is fed to the controlled diode 6 via a capacitor 51. The transformer is switched on <2a3 itself Since the current emerging from the secondary winding is superimposed on the current flowing through the controlled diode 6. A positive pulse then builds up at the cathode of the diode 3. The diode is de-energized for a brief moment and blocks

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the ignition cable L is de-energized, with which the desired effect has occurred lot · ^v

The Scr-ratun ^ aanordming contains a lie-Cc; id ^ self-induction 25 * in the line B, with which the current fed in by the transformer 2j5 is prevented from flowing into the ignition cable L. 2h: nso there is a further diode jj6 switched on in the spoise circuit of the control electrode 6a of the Dlodo 6, which prevents a current flow in ti; On the other hand, if the ionization time of the case discharge tube 8 is sufficiently short, the capacitor 24 'can be used. ,-permit. In fact dor # 0 fills the voltage at the controlled JLoc'.o 6 at the moment in which it conductively v / ill be nearly ./j to zero and the gas discharge tube 8 is spannungslosa

FIG. Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the shift assembly according to the invention. In this circuit, a controlled diode 22 is connected to the open connections to the ignition cable L. This diode is intended for short-circuiting the ignition cable. The one to avoid $. of a current * A ¹ IUCSOs in the ignition cable L when the voltage of the Kondonsa- «ivi * 3 4 certain circuit consists in this case of a" .u ^ -Transistor 27 "whose collector when the switch is closed>jx; uring the entire operating period The arrangement is fed via a charging device 28 from an auxiliary battery yj · The base Cas transistor £ 7 is set via the resistor 7 smä the gas discharge rL-hi-e S snschllossea _# dl® the operating voltage, and eiaea & n öi ® ~ Le & tuag & s »g @ sehl © ss @ s @ n Vide ^ & tasid 26« Bei

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reader Gaconfclaüungsröhr © Q, d. · h, bsi of an under-Batriebs Svannung of the squibs at the capacitor voltage lying 4 i.:t dor transistor 27 practically blocked and the voltage of the jiollöktors runs on the voltage of the 21 Zenendiode enlarged ur.i the voltage drops to the control electrode of the diode 22 Car * ifcrciü from the auxiliary battery yj then flows over the ttidei-ct: ..: -. d 23, the diode 29, the ZenerdicUo 21, which is also in series, and the control electrode of the diode 22, which makes it conductive. If the ignition switch 5 is closed at this moment, the ignition cable L is short-circuited by the controlled diode 22 and the cable is voltage-free. The capacitor 4 discharges via the TloCs 22, this results in a protection e © se * i too low © charging of the capacitor

If, on the other hand, the gas discharge tube is energized, i.e., that the charging voltage of the capacitor 4 is sufficiently high, a strong Gtrora flows from the collector to the input of the transistor 27 and the voltage of the auxiliary battery 57 occurs practically in excess of Clinzo . -a resistor 28 on · The Hest voltage occurring at the terminals of the Zener diode 21 is not sufficient to leave a Scro.-n flies-2ca there, which makes the controlled diode 22 conductive

When the ignition switch 5 is closed, the charging voltage is applied to the ignition cable L only from the condenser 4. This voltage is guided übor a parallel series resistor 32 "also on eina lying" in series with this resistor Zenordlode y $ and occurring at this diode voltage: is a Begelwldcrstand 19

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Applied to a capacitor 20- Bsi sufficiently high voltage to the terminal of the capacitor 20, a current begins to flow through a diode 50, the Zener diode 21 and the control electrode of the diode 22. At this moment the diode 22 becomes conductive, thus shorting the ignition cable L and quickly discharges the capacitor 4. The ability to adjust the time constant of the RC circuit from resistor IS * and capacitor 20 makes it possible to divide the time, \. \ Lirond that the ignition cable L is under voltage · The Zer.ordiode χ; must be selected so that its voltage reads across that of the zener diode 21. The use of this diode enables the tent, v. ^ IirOnd because the cable is under tension, to be made independent of its kiderstand. With a resistor 50 located in the line B, it is possible to prevent the voltage across the controlled diode 22 from dropping to KuIX when the ignition cable L bie is short-circuited.

To the food coolers having the gas discharge tubes controlled diodes in the circuits described above before: r-: iclet, it is to be said that these circles can be built up on any suitable t.oise · Zwai possible AbvrjKllvtng'in for this show the wings. 4 and 5. The circuits clnd combine * and on the simple case of realizing the crcton i-icharheitsbedlngungeii returned, the rest being great Gof - »-. Stand of the invention forms that without additional circuit, should be fulfilled and the function of the erotic circle in worship the common realization of the two security-affected. 4 shows that the gas discharge

CAD ORIQINAt.

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Al

Stir 8 from the previous circuits by a thyratron 8 approaches cold cathode 8a ersefcst v / ill, wherein the voltage of the igniter 10 with a Potontio-notsr § is set. The auxiliary canoe © is fed via the resistor 11. Hit the preset wiper of the potentiometer, the ignition panel of the thyratron 8a can be set precisely and easily, as can the voltage at which the ignition cable can be energized by closing switch 5.

Fig. 5 shows another modification in the sense that the current flow through the control electrode of the controlled diode β boi ignited gas discharge tube 8 only occurs when the switch 5 closes, which is above the diode and in the feed line from its control electrode 6a Such a circuit makes it possible to store the energy necessary to open the controlled diode β in a parallel to the Loltuns B and in series with the Gacsntlaöur ^ crviiro 8. Capacitor 14 and a channel anticipated between the terminals of the capacitor 4 A resistor 12, which is connected in series with the gas discharge tube 8, limits the current to its desired value. A very high resistor IJ ^ allows the capacitor 14 to be completely discharged.

Numerous modifications are within the scope of the present invention possible instead of exchanging the gas discharge tube 8 A Tliyratron can also be made of "Carborandum" pressed resistors or voltage-dependent resistance, so-called v.D.R.

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MICc :: - z'c'c ^ de, iZenerdlodon usi ?. Ebsnao can use those in the Gchaltunjcancrcinunsen $ Ώϋ.οΐι the Pig. 1 - 2 used Zenerdiocic-i by VD-H. Widcrstiindci replaces Vierdon. Vielter be h2z'c '; z.itQ diodes, ζ · B. Diö with dom Bszussseichsn 17, ersatzsn by a facliö Uidarstlindö.

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Claims (1)

N 23 3505 VUlb / 78o, 5/05 October 21, 1964 νΛ. Nobel Dο ζ e Claims 1. Capacitor-ZundrnaschinQ rait a power source, a charging capacitor, which can be connected to diöeo, a gas discharge tube that monitors the state of charge of the capacitor and ignites when the voltage is too low, with one inside
üchießleltung lying electronic switch with which the capacitor is placed on the shooting line when the target voltage is reached, and with at least one pole
The HC element lying on the trailing line, which closes the circuit voltage time after the charging capacitor has been switched on by connecting an electronic switch in parallel, characterized in that the gas discharge unit (ö) is connected in series with the control electrode (6a) of the electronic switch (6) . 2. Capacitor ignition machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the electronic switch (6) is designed as a controllable diode. » Capacitor ignition machine according to claim 1 and 2,
characterized by a switch (3) # in a position of the charging capacitor (4) to the Stromqeulle
(1) and in its other position via a resistor (15) is short-circuited, and a changeover switch (5) »in dcc- 80S802 / Q166 λ: 0 ^ G New documents 1 ^ 711 ^ 2nr.m *. ^ * ^ __. “. - is- ~ sen tir.ci ¹ position dl © Üchießleituns (L) connected to the electronic Cchaitcr (6) and short-circuited in its other position. Koiidensator-Zündinaßchlne according to claim 1 to j5 * ΰ..Λ ^ ^ * that the for short-circuiting the £ ehi-3-loifcuns (L) serving RC element (19, 20) is connected to a capacitor (JS) »the is connected in parallel to the charging capacitor (4) via a blocking diode (17) Zündraaschine capacitor according to claim 4, characterized ge: c ± chnGt, DA8 of lie parallel to Schießleltung (L) * j electronic switch (22), a controlled diode with i-ior control electrode · o. condenser-blasting machine according to claim 4 and 5, da-Jarch QQlzennzQichxiQt that the control electrode to the hot Se ..like de3 capacitor (20) of the RC element (19, 20) son ANSE. lat and the controlled diode is polarized in such a way that it conducts when voltage is present at its control electrode 7. capacitor blasting machine according to claim 1 to 6, daciura.1 characterized in that the route cathode - control electrode (6a) of the controlled diode in series with the gas discharge (8). above the charging capacitor (4). o. Capacitor ignition machine according to claim 1 to 6, characterized characterized that the controlled diode is in a known manner with its cathode-anode path in series BAD ORSGsMAL 80S80 2/0166 «Nit cIcNii LadokondGiiaator (4) and via the switch (5) in Rub the glass tube (L) reads and the one on the control ole..credo (6a) connected gas discharge tube (8) with its imdoren pole connected to the anode eats according to claim 4, characterized a gas discharge tube (21) above the koa (20) of the RC-Glieües (19, 20) and the Guscatlafiungsröhro (21) with dor ^ rlmHrviicklunc oines tors (25) is connected in series, the S is connected to the controllable diode in such a way that doi · Cekun ra the diode blocks. OK Kondencator-Zündi'naschino according to claims 4 "and 5, characterized in that a trancistor (27) is controlled by the transmission current flowing through the gas discharge tube (Q) and thus acts on the electronic switch (22) because it short-circuits this when the gas discharge tube (8) is de-energized. BAD ORSS! Ii ^; ti- 30S802 / 0 166