DE137320C

DE137320C -

Info

Publication number: DE137320C
Application number: DE1901137320D
Authority: DE
Filing date: 1901-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 1921-03-02

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

Geschlossene Hochdruckheifsluftmotoren bedürfen für den Arbeitscylinder besonders genau arbeitender Steuerungen, um Effectverluste bei der Durchführung des thermischen Kreisprocesses zu vermeiden. Um die sonst durch den schädlichen Raum zwischen Kolben und Deckel des Arbeitscjrlinders entstehenden Effectverluste zu vermeiden, mufs, ähnlich wie bei der Dampfmaschine, die Ausströmperiode so früh vor Vollendung des Kolbenhubes enden, dafs von da an bis zum Beginn der Einströmperiode die zwischen Kolben ■ und Cylinderdeckel verbleibenden Gase möglichst genau auf den Druck im Erhitzer verdichtet werden. Es mufs ferner verhindert werden, dafs der Druck der während der Arbeitsperiode im Arbeitscylinder expandirenden Gase wesentlich unter den Druck im Kühler sinke, damit nicht von diesem aus beim Oeffnen des Aüslafsorganes Gase unter starker Druckdifferenz und entsprechenden Effectverlusten in den Arbeitscylinder zurücktreten. Das genaue Einhalten dieser Bedingungen ist besonders erschwert durch die nothwendige Regelung der Leistung des Motors im Gebrauche. Es ist aufserdem sehr erwünscht, dafs die Steuerung beim Andrehen des Motors zum Ingangsetzen, wobei zunächst kein Druck im Motorsysteme vorhanden ist, die Bewegung nicht durch Herstellung unzeitiger Druckdifferenzen in den Systemtheilen erschwere. Diesen aufgeführten Bedingungen zu genügen, ist der Zweck der nachfolgend beschriebenen neuen Steuerung.Closed high-pressure hot air motors require particularly precise for the working cylinder working controls to avoid loss of effect when performing the thermal cycle to avoid. To the otherwise harmful space between the piston and the lid To avoid the loss of effects caused by the worker, similar to the Steam engine, the discharge period ends so early before the end of the piston stroke that from then on up to the beginning of the inflow period between the piston ■ and the cylinder cover remaining gases are compressed as precisely as possible to the pressure in the heater. It it must also be prevented that the pressure in the working cylinder during the working period expanding gases sink significantly below the pressure in the cooler, so that they do not come from this when the outlet organ is opened Gases under a strong pressure difference and corresponding effect losses in the working cylinder step back. The exact observance of these conditions is made particularly difficult by the necessary regulation of the power of the engine in use. It is also very desirable to have the control when turning of the engine to start, initially there is no pressure in the engine system is not to make the movement more difficult by producing untimely pressure differences in the system parts. These listed The purpose of the new control system described below is to satisfy conditions.

Die Figur stellt der Vollständigkeit wegen den Hochdruck.heifsluftmotor im Ganzen dar. Dabei bedeutet g die Luftpumpe mit selbstthätigen Ventilen, die aus dem Kühler η Luft von mehreren Atmosphären Druck entnimmt, auf den Druck im Erhitzer m verdichtet und in diesen drückt. Ferner bedeutet h den Arbeitscylinder, der aus dem Erhitzer m die erhitzte Druckluft durch die Steuerung entnimmt und am Ende der Arbeitsperiode mit \ erniedrigtem Druck in den Kühler zurücktreten < läfst, wo sie auf das ursprüngliche Volumen I abgekühlt wird. Eine dauernd mit dem Motor j umlaufende Hülfspumpe s sorgt für Ersatz der '; durch Undichtheiten austretenden Druckluft.For the sake of completeness, the figure represents the high-pressure hot air motor as a whole. Here, g means the air pump with automatic valves, which takes air at several atmospheres pressure from the cooler η, compresses it to the pressure in the heater m and presses it into it. Further, h represents the Arbeitscylinder selected from the heater, the heated compressed air m by the controller extracts and läfst at the end of the working period with \ reduced pressure in the cooler to withdraw <, where it is cooled to the original volume I. An auxiliary pump s continuously rotating with the motor j ensures replacement of the '; Compressed air escaping through leaks.

Die Steuerung des Arbeitscylinders hat getrennte Einlafs- und Auslafsventile, die durch unrunde Scheiben r_x und r₂ auf der Motorwelle durch Vermittelung der Steuerstangen S₁ und s₂ bewegt werden.The control of the working cylinder has separate inlet and outlet valves, which are moved by non-circular disks r _x and r ₂ on the motor shaft by means of the control rods S ₁ and s ₂ .

Die unrunde Scheibe T₁ für die Einlafsventile ist in bekannter Weise als verschiebbare Muffe mit schrägen Wulsten ausgebildet, um verschiedene Expansionsgrade einstellen zu können. Die Steuerstange S₁ greift innerhalb des Steuerkastens an den Steuerhebel Ar₁, durch dessen Augen an beiden Enden die Stiele der einfachen, nach aufsen öffnenden Ventile V₁ lose hindurchtreten, zur richtigen Zeit aber vermöge der Anschlagknöpfe am oberen Ende der Stiele mitgenommen werden. So lange die Ventile von dem Steuerhebel frei sind, werden sie durch die Feder /₂ auf ihren Sitz gedrückt.The non-round disc T ₁ for the inlet valves is designed in a known manner as a sliding sleeve with inclined bulges in order to be able to set different degrees of expansion. The control rod S ₁ engages within the control box on the control lever Ar ₁ , through whose eyes at both ends the stems of the simple, outward-opening valves V ₁ loosely pass through, but at the right time are taken by means of the stop buttons at the upper end of the stems. As long as the valves are free from the control lever, they are pressed onto their seat _{by the spring / 2.}

In ganz ähnlicher Weise vollzieht sich der Auslafs der Druckluft nach Schlufs der Arbeitsperiode in jeder Cylinderseite durch nach innen öffnende, an der Feder f₂ hängende, ebenfalls einfache Auslafsventile v.₂, die der ArbeitsphaseIn a very similar way the discharge of the compressed air takes place after the end of the working period in each cylinder side through inwardly opening, likewise simple discharge valves v hanging on the spring f _2. ₂ , the working phase

Claims

be pressed alternately by the control lever k ₂ against the pressure of the spring f ₂ towards the inside of the cylinder. The co-operation of the inlet and outlet organs is regulated by the correct choice of the proportions and suitable adjustment of the separate controls in the following way: The outflow period on each cylinder side ends so early before the beginning of the inlet period that the gases remaining in the harmful space are at their highest in the heater occurring pressure can be compressed. With exactly the same pressure in the cylinder and in the heater, the gases can pass from this to the other when the inlet organ is opened without any loss of effect. If, however, the compression pressure in the working cylinder were to exceed the pressure in the heater, a certain amount of gas could escape into the heater with an insignificant loss of effect through the corresponding valve V _1, which is lightly loaded by the spring J _1. Conversely, if the pressure of the expanding gases were to fall below the pressure in the cooler during the working period, this gas _{can escape through the corresponding valve v 2} into the cylinder, so that a considerably higher pressure in the cooler compared to the pressure of the gases expanding in the cylinder cannot occur.

As a result of the explained mode of operation of the inlet and outlet valves, the No starting of the motor, which is excessive for the initially low pressure in the heater Movement aggravating compression of the air in the working cylinder occur.

P ate nt-A ν saying:
Control of the heating cylinder of closed hot air machines with open firing, consisting of working cylinder, air pump, cooler and heater, which work with overpressure in the cooler, characterized by inlet organs V ₁ V ₁ , which, if the compression is too high, in the harmful space of the working cylinder at the end of the The outflow period can be opened automatically after the heater, and through outflow organs V ₂ V ₂ , which open too automatically at the end of the working period after the inside of the cylinder if the expansion in the working cylinder is too extensive, with the aim of avoiding loss of effect and making it difficult to start the machine.

For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.