DE1300482B - Core drilling device - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to a core drilling depth to drill and then a drill core exclusion device with a tubular, in the lower borrowed from this depth. Part of the body ending in a drill head, in which, on the other hand, it is possible to raise the layers inside a core tube is stored, with facilities Licher thickness to be recognized by in different Connection with a rotary drill drive and the 5 horizons from which drill cores are taken, Rinsing agent, one inside the core tube, without the need for each removal stored closure element and devices for core drilling device out of the borehole and Lock and unlock this lock- insert it back into the hole. For a sub-element at the lower part of the core tube, whereby water core drilling needs a drill guide therefore the base of the closure element is reinforced with drill bits io between the wellhead and the water upper arm is. Such a device serves not to be provided for the surface, would take from soil samples or drill cores, in particular for extracting drill core during prospecting from a sequence of pressure changes continuously Water. gene or from the assignment of at least one pressure of the most serious difficulties are to be found.

see that after drilling the core, the example embodiments of the invention

Core tube must pull if you want a drill core will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings

of greater length than that of the core tube will gain.

wants, with the risk that the borehole ao F i g. 1 shows an execution wall collapsing in axial section. This is based on the fact that the form of the device according to the invention, where loose rock is pierced. As a result, when the closure element is blocked in the drilling position, it is often impossible to determine later core samples; ., ..- :. ■ makes. F i g. 1 a is a partial section along the line aa in

It is a device of the aforementioned 35 Fig. 1;

Art became known (French patent specification Fig. 2 shows this device in the core drilling position;

1 417 984), in which the core tube has a closure F i g. 3 shows in partial section a second embodiment

has element, which by a bayonet sion shape of the device according to the invention in

Closure is lockable. This from a bayonet deep drilling position;

Lock existing unlocking locking 30 Fig. 4 and 5 are detailed views of the locking

Devices must be used for unlocking the locking-unlocking devices of the device

Closing element rotated in the opposite direction according to FIG. 3;

will. However, this entails the risk that F i g. 6 shows the unlocking procedure in FIG

once the tool can unscrew, to the device of Fig. 3;

For others, safe operation is only possible when the gear is hard. FIG. 7 shows the device according to FIG. 3 in core ensured when the frictional torque of the drilling position.

Closure element against stone larger than the one shown in FIG. 1 device shown consists of applied torque. a tubular body 1, which in this invention, this difficulty is now to be overcome embodiment of an upper element 2 and a. There is to be a core drilling device 40 lower element 3, which are created by a connection which is able to be united when the manure 4 is full. The upper element 2 is so directed to a diameter exactly like a full drilling tool that it can be drilled over a thread 5 with elements of the depth in which a soil sample is to be taken to initiate the rotary movement of the tubular body, this device being possible 1 around its axis and for feeding this borrowed by remote control from the earth's surface in 45 tubular bodies with a core drill bit under pressure, as soon as standing detergent can be connected. this depth is reached. These elements can either consist of a stiff drill pipe, which is formed from the surface in the type mentioned according to the invention by the fact that rotation is offset, or by an underground motor below the locking and unlocking devices, which is formed directly with which at least one change in pressure of the flushing agent in the device according to the invention is connected and can be activated. with detergent and energy from the surface

The core tube is preferably supplied axially inside via a drilling line,

of the tubular body between a first lower part, the tubular body 1 ends

Position corresponding to full drilling, in which the 55 in a drill head 6, which is penetrated by channels 7

Closure element against the lower part of the core is used to flush the bottom of the borehole

tube is locked, and a second position unlocked (only one of these channels is closed in the figures

speaking of the core drilling in which the lock see). A core tube 8 is inside the tubular

element is detached from the core tube and arranged in its inner-shaped body 1 (sliding jaws or

rem can slide, displaceable. 60 an enclosure 48 which is provided with channels to the passage

According to a preferred embodiment, the medium are provided, secure its centering

Means for blocking the core tube in tion) and has a closure element 9, which with

Full drilling position provided, this setup being stored with a certain amount of play inside the core tube

are trained in such a way that it is under the we-. This closure element has channels 29 which

an overpressure of the flushing agent can be unblocked for flushing the middle zone of the borehole

the can. sole worry.

The device according to the invention makes it possible, The closure element is on its lower

armored in a single operation to the desired outer side 30 by cutting, so the

3 4

Drill bit function in the deep drilling position of the device. Above the core tube 8, a head 26 is attached.

to be able to take over. arranges the one with the upper part of this pipe above

The core tube 8 has in its lower part means the thread 27 is connected.

for locking the closure element 9 in the un- This head has channels 28, which the passage

lower position. 5 allow the flushing agent through the tube 8 and

According to the illustrated embodiment, from there via the channels 29 of the closure member 9

grasp these locking elements an arrangement against the middle part of the working face in the deep

of metal balls 10, the drilling position of the device in the interior of grooves 13 according to FIG. 1

are stored, which forward this in the lower part of the core tube.

are recessed, these balls pierced and io The head 26 of the core tube has a central

are drawn on a metal ring 11. Hole in which a connecting element 31

In deep drilling position (Fig. 1 and 1a) connect is slidably mounted that with the support rod 14 these balls of the closure element 9, the core tube 8 with the interposition of a rotary joint 32 fixed to the drill head 6 and are simultaneously connected to ball bearings.
Cells 12 and the grooves 13 are detected, which are each recessed in the 15 A spring 33 surrounds the connecting element 31 outer wall of the closure elements 9 and the inner and is located in the deep drilling position of the front wall of the drill head 6. direction (Fig. 1) compressed between a

The inner wall of the lower element 3 of the tubular shoulder 34 of the connecting element 31 and a

shaped body 1 has the support surface 35 of the head 26 of the core tube at the level of the grooves 13,

expanding upwards, shown in FIG. 2 visible form i »ö An annular collar 36 at the base of 31 delimits the

on which the easy insertion of the balls 10 in this displacement by sliding displacement of the element

Grooves are allowed as soon as the core tube is moved downwards, that to stop against a lower one

and vice versa the easy release of the support surface 37 of the head 26 of the core carrier

These balls come when the transition from the deep drilling position pipe. This ring collar is designed so

(Fig. 1) in the core drilling position (Fig. 2) enables 05 that he is in the upper position of the head 15 (Fig. 2)

by simply shifting the core tube 8 axially. the lower openings of the flushing agent channels 28

Which closes in the lower element 3 of the tubular by resting against the support surface 37,

Body 1 mounted core tube 8 is equipped with devices whereby the passage of the core drilling position

connected, which prevents its elastic suspension in the interior detergent in the interior of the core tube

Ren the tubular body 1 ensure. This 3d and so it is avoided that the removed drilling

Devices comprise a support rod 14 which is washed in core by this medium,

its upper part firmly connected to a piston 15. The element 31 has a cavity 38, the

is the one that is supported against the spring 16 that is directed towards the head of the core tube 8 in the lower part

one tightly opens with the tubular body 1 and includes a ball valve 39, whereby

bound seat 17 rests. This seat has channels 18 35 the pipe 8 filling medium according to the

for the detergent. The extent to which a drill core is inside this

Above the seat 17 of the spring 16 is a sleeve tube is raised, can escape.

19 arranged as a guide for the support rod. The cavity 38 opens out via the opening 40 in

14 serves. a groove 41, which is in a central bore of the head

A wedge makes this rod non-rotatable with the 40 fes 26 recessed where the element 31 slides,

tubular body 1, in which the displacements drain lines or channels 42 in the head 26 of the

this rod can be limited to axial movements. Core tube set the annular groove 41 with the annular space

The piston 15 has bearings 21 in which balls between the head 26 and the tubular

22 are arranged. These bearings are in communication downward from the body 1.

The circumference of the piston is inclined towards its axis. 45 The head 26 of the core tube is advantageously ent-Die Balls 22 move under the influence of the zen-speaking of the representation profiled, in such a way, Trifugal force outwards when the tubular body that with the inner wall of the tubular body 1 is set in rotation, and the opening 1 is an annular channel with an axial cross-section of the venues the channels 23 is formed for the passage of the flushing agent turibauart, which through at the level the bunk 15 are exposed. So it is laced, in which in this passage the

In the rest position, the balls fall against the axis and channels 42 open. This makes it possible to go through of the piston back and close the openings circulation of the flushing agent in the passage a little easier Channels 23. By closing these openings, negative pressure is created that is necessary for lifting gen follows when starting the circulation pump of the closure member - drill bit 9 - and the an increase in pressure caused by strong drill core in pipe 8 in core drilling position of the pre-hydraulic Transferring thrust to the piston 15, the direction is favorable.

trying to compress the spring 16. The device according to the invention also has The piston 15 is in a chamber 24 inside a device for switching on and axial blocking upper element 2 of tubular body 1 kieren of core tube 8 in lower or deep drilling, this chamber in the lower area 60 position, the pipe 8 releasing disconnection Has a diameter that is just sufficient, switching by an excess pressure of the detergent to ensure the displacement of the piston. is controlled.

An annular seal 25 surrounds the piston 15. This engagement device has according to the Darge-Der The upper part of the chamber 24 has a thrown-through embodiment, a piston or a double knife widening on what the detergent makes possible- 65 stopper 43, which is firmly connected to a rod 55, to flow around the piston 15 when it is and in an axial bore 44 of the carrier thereof in the upper or core drilling position, the corresponding rod 14 is open towards the head of the piston 15 accordingly F i g. 2 is located. can be moved.

5 6

This plug is supported by a spring 45 on being compressed; this causes the pawls 46 Bottom of the bore 44 and acts with switching completely released from their support, they can pawl 46 together, which are articulated in cavities against the axis of the device in the form shown in FIG. 2 are stored, which tilt position shown on the circumference of the support rod.

14 are recessed (only one of these pawls is 5 The circulation is then interrupted, the visible in the drawings). Overpressure of the medium stops and the piston

If the piston 15 is in its lower part in 15 it can then move into the upper part with a larger F i g. 1 position shown, the double diameter of the chamber 24 is raised. Flask 43 in its upper position in the bore 44 end of the stroke movement, it takes the core tube 8 in under the influence of the relaxation of the spring 45 io the in F i g. 2 upper position shown with, and and in the absence of a sufficient on the, although with the interposition of the collar 36, Piston 43 exerted pressure and thus blocks the one that closes the channels 28 at the same time. Switching pawls 46 against the corresponding support one hinged at 52 on the head of the piston 15

surfaces 47, the pawl 51 recessed at the base of the seat 17, which is also one of the rod 55 of the are. 15 double stopper 43 penetrated bore 53 carries, he

The core tube 8 is then by letting it together, the stopper in its lower part in FIG. 2 printing to hold the spring 33 in the lower or deep-bored position as soon as it is in this position position - F i g. 1 - held, whereby the compression has come, so as to reduce the risk of deadlocking the spring 33 is sufficient to mung the pawls 46 in the sleeve 19 when again Locking the closure element - Bohr- ao raise the piston 15 into its position meißeis 9 - on the drill head 6 over balls 10 F i g. 2 to avoid.

to ensure. The pawl 51 has a reset

The device according to the invention is shown in the following, which tries to pull the end 51a from the upper der Put into operation: surface of the piston 15 by turning it by 52

The device is distant to the lower end of a drilling »5, the rod 55 has a part stranded at the head in the full drilling position shown in Fig. 1 of reduced diameter, which is lowered at the connection, without a supply with pressure communication point with the lower part an annular shoulder tel takes place. The pawls 46 are locked and lie 56 forms. Will this up under the lower opening against the corresponding support surfaces 47. out of the bore 53 of the pawl 51, so

If the device comes close to the one to be boh- 30, the latter tilts slightly upwards, and the shoulder shifting layers, they are set in rotation before they come into contact with the pawl, the detergent circulation is adjusted. If the piston 15 has its upper one in FIG. 2 shown

Under these conditions, the position reached below the opened, so comes the end 51a of the Influence of centrifugal force migrating balls pawl 51 in abutment against the top wall of the 22 the detergent passage through the channels 23 of the 35 chamber 24, and the pawl is so in horizon-piston 15. tale position returned, whereby the rod 55

The core tube 8 remains in the lower position and is released again in the bore 53 (F i g. 1), the locking element or the drill bit of the pawl can move such that is fixed to the drill head 6 in this position, the rod in the bore 44 when tied up again. You can therefore drill the device to the full cross-section, i. H. when returning in Ren. The detergent runs through the channels 23, 18, which the in F i g. 1 full drilling position shown (see further Annular space between the head 26 of the core tube 8 below via the process of "upgrading"), and the inner wall of the tubular body can be raised again, and finally through the channels 7 and washes around in the position according to FIG. 2 is the closure member

or "irrigates" the bottom of the borehole. In this position 45 no longer blocked at the lower part of this pipe, ment of the device (Fig. 1) flows part of the because the balls 10 are released from the cells 13; Medium by following the channels 28, then it can then flow into the interior of the tube 8 The interior of the tube 8 is penetrated and then the formation of the drill core is raised again Channels 29 to be in the middle zone of the borehole. Due to the ball bearings 32 the core tube 8 is in the Irrigation «of this zone is ensured. Position according to Fig. 2 no longer rotatably with the

When the drill head has reached the depth from which the drill head is connected and thus covers without turning Samples of the interspersed geological samples are taken from the rock where they are taken if you want, you cut off the circulation of the cut-out core.

Medium and finally rotation. 55 In the upper position of the core tube 8, the remains

The balls 22 then fall to the bottom of the hollow passage cross-section between its base and the clear back 21 and close the channels 23.

The circulation of the medium is then restored by washing the drill core with the flushing agent, during the rotation of the device corresponding to the entry of this core into the tube 8 is prevented, resulting in a sharp increase in the 60 decrease.

Pressure brings with it, -as the circulation channels 23 devices for holding the drill cores are on

are closed in the piston 15. arranged lower part of the tube 8 and can

The pressure of the medium initially pushes that of any suitable type, if only they piston 15 downwards while compressing the are suitable, the drill core when lifting the pre-springs 16 and 33 back and thus freed the pawls 65 to support the direction.

of the holding stress they exert. For example, you can use articulated arms 49

Then the pressure of the medium pushes the piston standing on the circumference of the core tube back down by the spring 45 (Fig. 2).

7 8

After lifting the device removes the larger head 63, the one with one over two steps

the drill core stored in the tube 8 by providing distributed teeth that act as a stop

the two threads 4 and 27 one after the other loose for one or more teeth, such as those for example

screws. are shown at 64, which is firmly connected to the

After removing the lower tubular egg - 5 larger ones, form the outer border of the sleeve 61 -

At the center of the body 1, the device can be connected to part 62.

the upgrade, d. H. them back into the in F i g. The sleeves 58 and 61 are on the other hand with a

showed position by being connected to the helical coil spring 65, which gave an angular thrust

shoulder 36 ensures sufficient tension for compression between the sleeves, which determines this

tion of the spring 16 exerts, for example the io, teeth, as can be seen for example at 64,

Thread 4 serves as a support. against the toothing - for example 66-66 ¹ - to

To the ring of balls 10 blocked against the press, which in two stages on the circumference of the

To hold the closure member 9 before it is arranged in its place enlarged head 63 of the rod 14

is brought in the tubular element 3, are working.

one advantageous with a sleeve 15, not shown, the rod 14 carries an extension 67 on the

or a sleeve which supports the lower part of the tube 8 with a wing disk 68, the height of which is also

while holding the balls surrounding it, this aid of replaceable washers - for example

Bushing in the lower part against the inner shoulder 50 69 - which is set either above or

on the basis of the element 3 comes to rest below the intermediate disk 68

and is pushed back up so that 20 can.

the balls during the screwing of the tubular In full drilling position (Fig. 3) the

shaped element 3 on the thread 4 solved tion la of the body 1 supplied by detergent

will. the central bore of a movable valve

The bearings or inclined grooves 13 contained in valve 70 held in place by a spring 71

the inner wall of the drill head 6 are recessed, 25 is held in such a way that a ring of channels 72

are preferably adjacent to each other, as is closed in, which is in the outer annular space between

F i g. 1 a shown so that the balls 10 always and see the body 1 and the wall of the shaft

automatically find a supporting bearing. opens through a protective grille 73.

In the further embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 7, only the upper part of the Vorpenventil70 is regulated in such a way that a certain arrangement is adapted especially for working with the sludge lifting of this flap valve when starting the turbine (turbo drill) and with a pure rod 14 at the moment of control equipped with hydraulic control. Which is ensured in this way on core drilling,
At this moment, any underground motor can be driven 35 ^{recnt 2} ^ axis of the device, even from the surface to teeth 64, which are indicated by the enlarged part 62 the rotary drilling method. Sleeve 61 are worn, as well as the teeth or mit-

In this device, the reversal takes place in participants 66.66 ^1, 6 NC ² ... 66 ^m, carried by the vergrößerdie Kernbohrstellung by successively th head 63 of the support rod fourteenth
Pressurizing the drilling mud, whereby a 40 Fig.5 shows, is also controlled in section along an inhibiting device and at the same time plane perpendicular to the axis of the device, the diversions are opened, over which a part of the spring 65, which at its ends on the one hand with the amount of mud , which reaches the head of the core tube, sleeve 61, on the other hand with the outer sleeve 58 directly in the annular space between the body of the core collars.

drilling jig and the drilled hole peeled off 45 The operation of this jig is as follows:

is, in such a way that for flushing the core drilling The device is in the in F i g. 3 shown

head only the necessary amount is maintained, state lowered, the deep drilling to full

after one corresponds during the previous full diameter,

drilling phase could use the entire amount. In this position the entire crowd prevails

The rod 14 is up through a hollow 50 of the drilling mud valve 70 which is pressurized

Piston 15 extended, which is open at the top, which exerted on the assembly 58 to 61 and leaves this

The piston picks up the pressure of the spring 33 and moves the axially downward, causing the spring

Circulation of the drilling mud through openings 23 α 57 is squeezed. This creates between

allows, above which another Kali- see the base flange 59 and the edge 60 of the

Briert spring 57 is located, which is an outer sleeve 58 55 upper opening of the piston 15 for an annular passage

rotates back up, the enlarged base of which the flushing agent flows through to the drill bit

flange 59 penetrates into the interior of the piston 15 and exposed through the openings 23 a,

in the position according to FIG. 3 only a small ring- This axial displacement downwards leaves the tooth

space for the circulation between the base flange 59 64, as shown in FIG. 6, which shows a development of the

and the edge 60 of the upper opening of the piston 60 represents the periphery of the head 63, lowering,

15 leaves. and the spring 65 pushes by its moment on

The sleeve 58 is rotationally fixed to the rod 14 ver the sleeve 61 exercises the retaining tooth 64, which is straight

bound, but can be axially displaced along this by the retaining tooth 66 ^{1 was} released against the

are and serves itself as a carrier for a sleeve 61, driver 66. The tooth 64 follows the through the

whose axial travel is limited by a stop 61a 65 indicated by the arrow. The deep drilling position is now

is, but rotates freely around the rod 14 itself. The achieved.

Sleeve 61 has an enlarged part 62 on the head

The rod 14 ends upwards in one stop the circulation, the spring 57 takes care of it

for lifting the arrangement 58 to 61, and the tooth 64 is ^{guided to the level of the second driver 66 2} , against which the spring 65 applies this tooth 64.

In order to block the head 63 of the rod 14 in its position at the level of the upper driver 66 ¹ , 66 ² ... 66 ^m or in the transition position for core drilling, it is then sufficient to make a pressurization as often as is necessary to the To guide tooth 64 from its blocking position by the driver 66 ² into the blocked end position at 66 ^m , the shape of this last-mentioned driver preventing the tooth 64 and thus the head 63 from being lowered again when the pressure is renewed.

In practice, it is sufficient to carry out three or four pressurization processes followed by decompressions before a final blockage takes place by the driver 66 ^m in the core drilling position, whereby the device is practically protected from an unintentional unblocking due to accidental pressure changes.

If the tooth 64 has come into contact with the driver 66 ^m , every new downward displacement of the arrangement 58 to 61 is blocked under the influence of a renewed pressurization by the part 74 which forms a stop of the driver 66 ^m , the displacement the support rod 14 is prevented downward by the strong spring 33 and the sleeve 19. The pressure exerted by the drilling mud on the double piston 43 of the pusher rod 55 causes the pusher rod 55 to descend under the action of the compression of the spring 45, thereby tilting the pawl 46 and raising the assembly 14-58-61 again under the pressure of the strong Spring 16 is brought about, which causes the release of the central closure 9 of the drill bit (as in the previous embodiment) and the passage for the circulation of the drilling mud between the piston 15 and the inner wall of the tubular body 1 is opened.

Raising the rod 14 simultaneously calls for the rod 55 to be released by tilting the pawl 51 and the lifting of the seat of the valve 70 under the pressure of the wing disc 68 emerged.

It is for this reason that the flushing fluid flow splits between the core bit at the base of the device and the drain lines 72.

Thus, in the core drilling position, only part of the total amount of drilling mud comes to the core drill bit, the remainder is diverted through lines 72, making this apparatus suitable for deep drilling becomes usable with a turbine, which makes very large amounts of drilling mud required, with in the core drilling position only a fraction of the total amount of mud is used to flush the drill bit necessary is.

The upgrading of the device is done on the surface as in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2 shown Embodiment.

However, the type of upgrade differs slightly from that of the previous embodiment, where it was enough to unscrew the lower element from the tubular body 1 to remove the To loosen rod 14 and exert a vertical pull directed towards the lower part of this rod 14, by being supported on the upper element of the tubular body 1.

According to the embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 7, the pulling movements of the rod 14 must be downward and rotations of this rod are made alternately so that the tooth 64 in a path opposite direction as the arrows corresponding to FIG. 6 can follow so that the spring 65 again Is "upgraded".

Of course, however, it is possible to combine the last-mentioned embodiment with the previous one to combine, which means that in the lower part of the piston 15 of the device according to the F i g. 3 and 7 channels or bearings 23 for balls 22 are made, as shown in Figs.

This enables a device to be implemented, the triggering of which is a sequence of changes the speed of rotation of the device and changes in pressure of the drilling means power.

Claims (19)

Patent claims: 1. Core drilling device with a tubular, in the lower part ending in a drill head Body, inside which a core tube is mounted, with devices for connection with a rotary drill drive and the flushing agent, a closure element mounted inside the core tube and means for locking and unlocking this locking element from the lower part of the core tube, the base of the Closure element is reinforced with drill bits, characterized in that the Locking and unlocking devices (10, 11, 12,13,46,47,43 in Fig. 1; 15,22,63,64, 65, 66) can be actuated by at least one change in pressure of the flushing agent. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the core tube (8) inside of the tubular body (1) between a first position corresponding to full drilling, in which the closure element (9) is locked against the lower part of the core tube (8), and one second position corresponding to core drilling, in which the closure element (9) from the core tube (8) is released and can slide inside it, is displaceable. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by the excess pressure of the flushing agent actuated devices (43, 46, 47) for blocking and unlocking the core tube (8) in the full drilling position. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by remote controls (15, 23, 25, 60, 59, 64, 65, 66) to increase the resistance to the detergent flowing out of the device by creating an overpressure. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that these remote controls one Have base flange (59), which the outflow cross-section of the flushing agent from the device reduced, wherein the base flange (59) is arranged so that it by a certain sequence can be triggered by increases in pressure of the detergent. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that these remote controls a piston (15) arranged in the flushing agent flow, which cooperates with the axial blocking devices (43, 46, 47), wherein the piston (15) has at least one inner passage (23, 23 α) for the detergent to which the Balls (22) and the base flange (59) to increase the resistance to the outflow of the detergent assigned. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the base flange (59) opens to reduce the outflow cross-section of the detergent under the influence of an increase in pressure of the detergent and an outlet device (64, 65, 66, 66 ¹ , 66 ² ... 66 ^m ) is assigned, which blocks the base flange (59) in the closed position after a certain number of pressure increases in the flushing agent. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the base flange (59) cooperates with the inner channel (23 a) of the piston and is displaceable along the axis of this piston, that this outlet device has a sleeve (61) with a enlarged outer enclosure (62) coaxially to the piston (15), which are fixedly connected to the base flange (59) for axial displacement, and has a head (63) coaxial to the piston (15) and fixedly connected to it, that a helical spring (65 ) assigns the two elements to one another in rotation, that at least one stop device has a tooth (64) carried by the sleeve (61) with enlarged outer rim (62), that a number of teeth (66, 66 ¹ ... 66 ^m ) alternate is distributed in at least two different planes of the head (63) with a distance between the successive teeth (66 ¹ , 66) of these two planes which is greater than the width of the tooth carried by the first element (61, 62) (64) is, and the displacement of the base flange (59) along the axis of the piston (15) against the action of a calibrated spring (57) in the axial direction between a first position in which the tooth (64) of the sleeve (61) with enlarged outer enclosure (62) is located essentially on a first of the two levels of the head (63) and is placed in abutment against a tooth (66 ¹ ... 66 ^m ) of the first level under the action of the helical spring (65) and thereby the rotation of the sleeve (61) with enlarged outer rim (62) is blocked, and a second position can take place in which the tooth (64) of the sleeve (61) with enlarged outer rim (62) is released with respect to the teeth of the first planes and in Stop against a tooth (66, 74) of the second level by rotating the sleeve (61) with enlarged outer rim (62) under the action of the screw ^{window (65), one of these teeth (66 m} , 74) of the head (63) has such a shape that the tooth (64) of the muff e (61) with enlarged outer enclosure (62) is blocked in the first position of these two elements. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized by a flap valve (70) and channels (72) for drawing off part of the flushing agent to a level higher than the drill bit (6) which is set up in this way are that they are synchronous with the unlocking of these locking-unlocking devices (10 to 13, 15, 22, 43, 46, 47, 63 to 66) are controllable. 10. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 9, characterized in that the flap valve (70) is actuated by the axial displacement of the core tube, whereby it is exclusively in the core drilling position is opened. 11. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the core tube (8) firmly with a piston (15) is connected which has at least one passage (23) for the detergent, and that the channel opens into a cavity (21), the bottom of which is to the axis of the piston (15) is inclined, and that a ball (22) in the cavity (21) can be mounted in such a way that it forms the channel (23) closes for a certain rotational speed range and exposes the channel as soon as the tubular body rotating at a speed outside this speed range is moved. 12. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that this locking device a number of balls (10) simultaneously in internal grooves, recessed on the basis of the tubular body (1, 3), and in grooves, recessed on the circumference of the closure element (9), slide. 13. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the core tube (8) inside of the tubular body (1, 3) is resiliently suspended at (16). 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that this suspension with the interposition a rotary connection (32) is brought about, whereby the entrainment of the core tube (8) is prevented when rotating in the core drilling position. 15. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the core tube (8) fixed to the Piston (15) is connected and that the tubular body (1) partly has the inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the piston and areas of the chamber (24) an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the piston (15) and the piston in the area of the larger inner diameter of the tubular body (1) the flushing agent in the annular space between the piston (15) and the inner wall the chamber (24) can flow out. 16. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that seals (25) are provided which prevent the detergent from flowing out around the piston (15). 17. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that this locking device consists of a rod (55) which ends in a piston (43) and is displaceable in an axial bore (44) is, which is recessed in a carrier element (14) of the core tube (8), and this rod (55) has return means (45) in an unlocked position and with at least one in a hole in the piston rod (14) mounted pawl (46) cooperates that a shoulder of this rod the blade (46) in abutment against a firmly attached to the tubular body (1, 2) the device connected to the support surface (47) and the axial displacement of this rod (55) the pawl (46) releases. 18. The device according to claim 2, wherein the core drill head (6) and closure element (9) Have detergent channels, characterized in that above the core tube (8) a Head (26) is arranged from the inner wall of the tubular body (1, 2) by a Annular space for the passage of flushing agent to the core drill head (6) is separated, this head (26) at least one passage line (28) to the flushing channels (29) of the closure element and has an axial bore in which an element (31) with an annular collar (36) is displaceable in such a way that the passage channel (28) is in the core drilling position the device is locked. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the head (26) of the core tube (8) a valve (39) for the outlet of the medium filling the core tube (8) in the core drilling position and channels (42) for the outflow of this medium up to the surrounding head (26) Annular space are provided and that the head (26) has such a shape that the annular space a ring cross-section in the form of a venturi with a vacuum zone of reduced cross-section has into which the outflow channels (42) open. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings