DE1296772B - Structure with straps and infill elements - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a supporting structure with straps, with an infill made of rigid elements, which with the belts of the structure and approximately in the area of the neutral center line of the structure are connected to each other.

The infill of supporting structures for roof or wall constructions, falsework, line masts etc. is mainly done by struts or diagonal bars, which compared to solid wall structures require a minimum of material expenditure, especially in the case of planar structures. The main feature the strut or lattice structure is that single-stem strut or diagonal bars with the straps be connected in a shear-proof manner, creating a system of immovable triangles and thus the rigid structure is created.

Furthermore, supporting structures are known whose infills consist of diagonal crosses or rigid frames, which has the advantage of lower effective lengths in the diagonals compared to simple triangular structures and have straps.

In the case of these frame or diamond structures, the individual infill elements have so far been used Rigidly connected by means of gusset plates or brackets.

For structural reasons, these rigid connections often have considerable eccentricity, as a result of which additional bending moments and buckling forces arise.

Up to now, these increased stresses have been searched for by extensive dimensioning of the components To counter reinforcement of the connection points.

Especially with demountable structures — if This means that welding the connections is ruled out - the eccentric connections require additional work in material and assembly costs.

In addition, with structures with different radii of curvature must change from case to case Drilling jigs and at the same time can be worked with high precision.

In the case of so-called planar structures, which are often used for static or architectural reasons are formed arcuately, the difficulties mentioned in the preprocessing show of the components very clearly.

According to the present invention, the described disadvantages of known structural designs are eliminated thereby avoided that the connection of the preferably frame-shaped or disk-shaped infill elements is designed with each other as a tensile, compression and shear-resistant articulated connection, wherein the joint axes are perpendicular to the plane containing the belt axes.

This articulated connection at the collision of the infill elements approximately in the area of the neutral Center line of the structure is achieved a number of advantages.

The articulated connection ensures the transmission of tensile forces and compressive forces in a simple manner from one infill element to the other and at the same time prevents the elements from shifting against each other along a perpendicular transverse plane, the bar forces of the diagonals as it were are transmitted via a pivot point, which almost completely avoids secondary voltages will.

The arrangement of these articulated connections also makes it possible to use the same frame or disc elements both flat beams with straight and curved belts as well To produce flat structures, whereby the infill elements can also cross in the structure. The joint design results in a simplified assembly compared to the previously customary rigid connections by means of node plates or tabs, since only one frame at a time is to be connected to the adjacent frame via the joint.

According to a preferred embodiment, the articulated connection has a rigid connection with one of the adjoining infill elements connected joint sleeve and a concentric in this and rotatably arranged hinge pins rigidly connected to the other infill element, whereby the rigid connection can be made by means of screw bolts. The articulated connection allows This means that the screws have to be retightened at any time, so that a reliable frictional connection is always guaranteed.

Another advantage of this design is that the infill elements can be rotated is given until the straps are firmly connected to the frame or disc elements are.

The articulated connection of the infill elements according to the invention is suitable for both wood and steel and reinforced concrete structures.

The invention is also not limited to the execution of the infill elements as a flat frame or Discs limited; for example, the infill elements can be used, for example, for structures with a larger width also as intrinsically rigid prismatic bodies, such as cubes that are open or closed at the end or pyramids. When designed as a prismatic that is closed on all sides, i.e. also at the front Body, the individual infill elements are given a particularly high degree of rigidity.

Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the following description of FIG Embodiments on the basis of the drawing. It shows

F i g. 1 shows a schematic side view of a frame elements with infill according to one embodiment planar structure made according to the invention,

F i g. 2, also in a schematic side view, one with the same infill frame elements curved structure made according to one embodiment of the invention,

F i g. 3 in a schematic side view a with infill frame elements according to a modified embodiment of the invention produced planar structure,

F i g. 4 shows a schematic side view of a disk-shaped infill elements according to FIG another embodiment of the invention manufactured planar structure,

F i g. FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of a frame-shaped infill elements according to FIG a further modification of the invention produced planar structure,

F i g. 6 shows in section an embodiment of the articulated connection two adjacent infill elements according to the invention,

F i g. 7 is another sectional view of the FIG. 6 joint shown, with the cutting plane along the line I-IinFig. 6,

F i g. 8 in section a connection as a double joint,

3 4

F i g. 9 in section the connection between a beard frame or pane elements pulling, pushing

Infill element and the structural belt, and connect to each other in a shear-proof manner, but at the same time

F i g. 10 shows the same connection in section along a pivoting of the frame or pane elements

the line II-II in F i g. 9. Allow. The joint should be high strength, robust and prein the F i g. 1 to 5 are in each case schematically 5 zis and at the same time easy to assemble. Except side view The joint should be flat or curved structures after the final fixation

provided, which can be readjusted with infill elements of different frame infills,

which embodiments are made. According to the in FIGS. 6 and 7 together

F i g. 1 shows a planar supporting structure, which is shown from the corresponding sectional views, That which is designated as a whole by 4 has a rigid, frame-shaped configuration fold elements 1 is constructed; these are a thick-walled sleeve 10 in the joint, for example The embodiment shown is essentially qua- steel, which at diametrically opposite Steldratisch and is provided with radial bores at a corner next to one another, namely with arranged in such a way that their diagonally opposite one preferably conical bore 11 and one The upper and lower corner points 5 are connected to the threaded hole 12. In the sleeve 10 there is a coaxial connection with the upper and lower chord 2 or 3 ler hinge pins 13, preferably made of brass, rotatable are; fitted diagonally opposite one another with the others; the bolt 13 is on the corners lying opposite the thread, the infill frame bore 12 facing side at 14 on one side opposite one another on and are flattened further below in and from the opposite, the individual cones described joints 4 with each other ao bore 11 of the sleeve facing side with bound. In each case one threaded hole 15 is provided between two successive ones. The articulated one The belt section 6 lying at the connection points 5 Connection of the two frame parts 16 and 17 (in forms with the frame parts 7, 8 a non-displaceable F i g. 6 only with the adjacent parts like triangle. indicated) with the joint 4 and thus with one

In Fig. 2 is the manufacture of a curved 25 other is done by means of two with respect to the articulated supporting structure with the help of the same infill axle 18 radially extending screw bolts 19 resp. men 1 illustrated schematically. Compared to FIG. 1 20, which is connected to the threaded bore 12 of the sleeve 10 are only the straps with regard to the position of or with the threaded hole 15 of the hinge pin Connection points with the frame corners changed. 13 are screwed. With their screw heads

F i g. 3 illustrates a modified embodiment of the two bolts 19 and 20 on the outside where the individual infill frames emerge as elongated support surfaces 21 and 22 in the hexagons 1a drawn in with them . Fig. 4 illustrates an other to be connected vertices of the other embodiment of the invention in which infill elements 16 and 17, and indeed vordie individual infill elements as, for example, preferably by means of washers 23, 24 are formed b by triangular plates 1. 35 Tightening the screws allows the two frame

F i g. 5 shows a further modification of the invention elements 16 and 17, thus firmly with the two connections, according to which several individual frames (in FIG. 5 mutually rotatable joint elements 10, 13 each three frame parts) or frames are connected to form one; by screwing the intrinsically rigid infill element 1 c together, the two joint parts 10 and 13 are grasped with the two frames. Here again, according to the basic element parts 16 and 17, at the same time an idea of the invention comes about, the individual infill desires, a certain increase in the static friction, between the two elements 1 c articulated with one another at 4 and with the two hinge parts 10, 13, the belts 2 or 3 art according to the desired shape, that this and thus the infill elements connected in a shear-proof manner. For the sake of simplicity, it is true that in FIGS. 16, 17, each other within the desired FIG. 3 to 5, the composition of the individual 45 th swivel range can be rotated as desired, but only shown for flat structures due to the static friction between infill elements for the supporting structures; of course, sleeve 10 and bolt 13 remain in each selected rotation position due to the articulated connections 4; this facilitates the production between the individual infill elements with the desired shape for the overall support; these embodiments produce curved 5 ° work; the rigidity of the joint is possible by means of the supporting structures in the same way as in FIG. 2 screws 19 or 20 adjustable as required,
for the square frame elements 1 to achieve the desired pivoting range is light. This also applies to the embodiment according to the FIGS. 5, although because of the combined surfaces of the infill elements 16 and 17, when several individual frames are sung, the production is designed correspondingly beveled; arched structures are limited to correspondingly larger curvatures, the conical radial bore 11 in the joint radii; The embodiment according to FIG. 20 has the embodiment according to FIG. 20 when the two infill elements F i g are rotated within this attachment sleeve 10. 5, however, has the advantage of lower construction 16, 17 relative to one another about the axis of rotation 18.
cost, since here for each infill element with 60. After the frame infill is fixed in the desired shape, for example, three individual frames or disks, the screw bolts 19, 20 each only require one joint and they are also firmly tightened; they can also be adjusted at any time after assembly work when assembling the structure,
decreases even further. From the longitudinal sectional view of the joint in

In the following, on the basis of FIG. 6 to 8 the 65 F i g. 7 is the cover of the joint against training the articulated connection 4 between dirt can be seen; this can be done at the neighboring infill elements explained. Cover disk 25 resting on the general end face of the sleeve 10 In my opinion, this joint must be provided two adjacent each, which are connected by screwing 26

is secured with the hinge pin 13; the joint can also, as in the right half of FIG. 7th indicated, closed on one side by means of a plate 27 inserted into the end face of the joint sleeve 10 be executed.

In the case of the FIG. 6 and 7, the twisting of the two infill elements 16, 17 takes place, strictly speaking, in such a way that the element 17 screwed to the hinge pin 13 rotates relative to the element 16 screwed to the hinge sleeve 10. In Fig. 8 shows a modified embodiment in which the two infill elements rotate with respect to a joint part that is to be thought of as stationary, with an increase in the angle of rotation being achievable. In the modified embodiment according to FIG. 8, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 6 and 7. As with the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, the joint designated as a whole by Aa has a threaded sleeve 10 screwed to one infill element 16 and a hinge pin 13 screwed to the other infill element 17 rotatably fitted therein. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, however, FIG. 8, the joint sleeve 10 is not attached directly to the corresponding recesses in the end faces of the infill elements 16, 17, but via a further sleeve 28 into which the rotating sleeve 10 is rotatably fitted. The outer sleeve 28 is provided at two essentially diametrically opposite points with two conical radial bores 29 and 30 for the two screw bolts 19 and 20 to pass through. When rotated, both the joint sleeve 10 and the joint pin 13 and, accordingly, the infill elements 16, 17 screwed to these joint parts rotate around the additional sleeve 28, which is thought to be stationary and on the outer surface of which the corresponding recesses of the infill elements 16, 17 slide.

It should also be emphasized that, according to a further modification, the joint sleeve 10 in FIGS. 6, 7 or the joint sleeves 10 and 28 in the joint according to FIG. 8 can be spherical, whereby, in addition to being rotatable about axis 18 (see FIGS. 6 and 8), there is also pivotability of the infill elements 16, 17 around the connecting axis of the two perpendicular thereto Infill elements, d. H. essentially around the longitudinal axis of the two screw bolts 19, 20, wins.

In the F i g. 9 and 10 is an expedient embodiment of the shear-proof connection of the infill elements shown with the structural belts. The frame or disk-shaped infill elements 1 (shown in Figs. 9 and 10 only with their parts adjacent to the belts) are with Provided pin 31 or dowels. Belts 2 and 3 (only the upper belts are shown in Figs. 9 and 10) have corresponding recesses 32, by means of screw bolts 33 the infill element 1 screwed to the structural belts; the nut 34 resting on the outside of the belt is preferably convex and let into the surface of the belt. The washer 35 serves to tighten the screw bolts more easily

33. This connection between the infill and the straps is also easy to assemble and at any time adjustable.

The described embodiments of the invention can be modified in many ways. With regard to the shape of the individual infill elements the invention is not limited to that shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 limited embodiments shown by way of example; In principle, the infill elements can be any triangular, square or polygonal shape obtain; they can be mass-produced in various sizes and with good accuracy will; with just a few types of infill elements, practically all of them can be converted into Structural structures in question, to be produced in a flat, spatial or curved design; the warehousing is considerably simplified by the restriction to a few size types.

In principle, other embodiments are also possible with regard to the design of the articulated connections, although the articulated designs described to be preferred because of their strength, robustness and accuracy as well as ease of assembly are.

The frame or pane infills described according to the invention in connection with The connections shown are suitable for steel, concrete and wooden structures.

A spatial arrangement of the infill is possible in the same way if the structural belts be arranged lengthways and transversely or formed flat.

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Structure with straps, with an infill made of rigid elements which are connected to each other with the straps of the structure and approximately in the region of the neutral center line of the structure, characterized in that the connection of the preferably frame-shaped or disc-shaped infill elements (1, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c in FIGS. 1 to 5) are designed with one another as a tensile, pressure and shear-resistant joint connection (4 in FIGS. 1 to 5; FIGS. 6 to 8), the joint axes (18 ) are perpendicular to the plane containing the belt axes. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame-shaped or disc-shaped Infill elements are triangular, square or polygonal in shape and arranged in this way are that adjacent infill elements with one of their corners in the area of the neutral center line of the structure abut to form an articulated connection. 3. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by infill elements triangular, quadrangular or Disks are combined to form a rigid infill element (1 c in FIG. 5). 4. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the hinge connection is rigid with the one (16 in Fig. 6 to 8) of the adjoining Infill elements (16, 17) connected joint sleeve (10) and one in this concentrically and rotatably arranged, rigidly connected to the other infill element (17) Has hinge pin (13). 5. Structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the hinge pin (13) with a radial threaded bore (15) for receiving a rigid connection with the associated Infill element (17) causing screw bolt (20) is provided, and that the joint sleeve (10) in the area of the threaded hole (15) of the bolt (13) with a conical radial hole (11) and in a diametrically opposite area with a radial threaded hole (12) for receiving a rigid connection with the other infill element (16) causing screw bolt (19) is provided. 6. Structure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the articulated connection is a additional joint sleeve (10) which is rigidly connected to the one infill element (16) surrounding and coaxial to this sleeve (28), which in the region of the rigid Connection of the hinge pin (13) or the hinge sleeve (10) to the infill elements Providing the effecting screw bolts (19 or 20) with conical radial bores (29 or 30) is. 7. Structure according to one or more of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the articulated connection in addition to the rotatability of the infill elements about the transverse direction The joint axis (18) can be pivoted about a substantially perpendicular axis ensures that the longitudinal axis coincides with the axes of the screw bolts (19, 20). 8. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that that two adjacent infill elements (16, 17) with the joint sleeve (10) or the hinge pin (13) screwed (19, 20) and by means of the tightened screw connection are rigidly connected. 9. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the infill elements (1 in F i g. 9 and 10) for shear-proof connection with the structural belts (2,3) have pins (31) or dowels which are inserted into corresponding recesses (32) of the belts engage and held in this engagement by screwing (33, 34) will. 10. Structure according to one or more of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the infill elements are connected to the structural belts by means of adjustable screw bolts (33) are. 11. Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infill elements and the straps are made of wood, concrete or steel. 1 sheet of drawings 909523/151