DE1294564B - High performance forward wave amplifier tubes with a plurality of magnetron discharge systems - Google Patents

Description

F i g. 1 is a partial view of a first embodiment an anode network according to the invention;

F i g. 2 is a partial perspective view of an electrode assembly forming the anode network of FIG F i g. 1 and contains a cathode network which penetrate one another according to the invention;

F i g. 3 is a partial view of a second embodiment of an anode network according to the invention

The aim of the invention is to create a high-performance forward wave amplifier constructed in a simple manner in different embodiments of the invention, described in more detail, by means of the one in comparison with known ones
Amplifier tubes of this type can achieve significantly greater output power.

Based on a high-performance forward wave amplifier tube of the type mentioned at the beginning This object is achieved according to the invention in that the magnetron discharge systems are designed and connected electrically in parallel that their anode elements on the one hand and their 20 approximately shape Cathodes, on the other hand, a two-dimensional poly-work;

form a gonal network, along which the to F i g. 4 is a partial perspective view of a

spreading strengthening microwave energy. Electrode arrangement following the anode network

This network is to be reinforced by F i g. 3 and contains a cathode network that is located Excited wave energy penetrating the magnetron systems according to FIG. 25 according to the invention; Kind of a "locked-in oscillator" to swing F i g. Figure 5 is a partial cross-section of a third embodiment

brings. The power delivered by the magnetron systems is cumulative. The amplified wave energy is taken through a coupling window.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the anode network is supported by a first metal plate and the cathode network is supported by a second metal plate and that the second metal plate is arranged parallel to and electrically isolated from the first metal plate is that the anode and cathode networks penetrate each other appropriately, each The cathode is therefore in the center of a mesh of the anode network.

The cathodes are preferably cold-emitting. According to an advantageous embodiment of the In the invention, the metal plates are trapezoidal, and the microwave energy to be amplified is fed to the narrow base side of the trapezoid and the amplified microwave energy to the taken from the broad base of the trapezoid.

The ratio of the wide to the narrow base side of the trapezoid is preferably equal to the amount the power gain to be achieved with the tube is selected.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pitch (p) of the anode network is equal to the mean wavelength of the operating frequency band of the tube.

management form of an electrode arrangement according to the invention, consisting of anode and cathode network;

F i g. 6 is a partial view of the electrode assembly of FIG. 5;

F i g. 7 is a partial view similar to FIG. 6 of a fourth embodiment of an inventive Electrode arrangement;

F i g. Fig. 8 is a partially broken perspective view of one according to the invention Tube;

F i g. Fig. 9 is a cross section taken along line XX of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a cross section taken along line YY of Fig. 8th;

FIG. 11, similar to FIG. 10, is a cross section of a modified embodiment of a tube according to the invention, and

Figure 12 is a partial cross-section of a detail of a modified anode network according to the invention, which is equipped with cooling means.

To identify parts that correspond to one another, the same in the various drawing figures Reference numerals have been used.

According to the F i g. 1 and 2 carries a metal plate 1, for example made of copper, an arrangement of metal rods, which be with 2, 3, 4 and 5

are drawn. In a further advantageous embodiment 55, the rods are perpendicular to the metal plate 1 and form a two-dimensional one the invention, a coupling window is provided, network, which in the illustrated Ausf uhrungsdas against the direction of propagation of the arriving form has square masses. The the anode end and rods 2, 3, 4 and 5 that form in the network in the same direction can move out spreading microwave energy is inclined. any in connection with the manufacture of the

Preferably, damping means in a part 60 are fingers of interdigital or analog lines of the anode network along the path of the known material.

Outcoupling window of reflected microwave energy In F i g. 2 one is planned, for example made of copper, standing additional metal plate 6 shown, the one

The anode network is carried according to an advantageous cathode network. The cathodes 7 are cold version equipped with coolants. 65 emitting and can be made of any material

The meshes of the anode network can be square or hexagonal.

Preferably they have the anode network bil with a good secondary emission coefficient, such as beryllium-copper alloy. The two metal plates 1, 6 are

3 4

lateral electrical insulation arranged in such a way that the side with an input waveguide 16 has an isosich the anode and the cathode network, the entrance window 17 and on its other penetrate accordingly, each cathode 7 so in the side via an insulating exit window 19 with The center of a mesh of the anode network is coupled to an output horn 18. The metallic

lies. 5 carrier plate 6 of the cathode network is on the

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, inside of the housing 15 through insulating supports 20

in which the same reference numerals are attached to the designation (see FIG. 9). The cathodes 7 engage in the

appropriate elements as in the previous meshes of the anode network. like this in the

figures were used, the network F i g. 2 or 4 is shown. A suitably dimensioned

The work mesh is no longer square, but rather a hexa-ionized cavity resonator 21 is in the edge area

gonally trained. Each mesh is therefore provided by six of the metal plate 6 in such a way that for

Rods, such as rods 2, 3, 4, S, 8 and 9, are limited. High frequency a short circuit between metal plate 6

Another difference to the above-described and housing 15 arises and thereby an energy

benen embodiment is that the expansion in the space between the walls 15

Rods of the anode network with profile heads 10 15 (housing) and 6 (carrier plate) is avoided. the

are provided. This is in the present height of the rods 2 and the cathodes 7 increases

Case for simple cylindrical heads. The division of the ends towards the entrance and exit

Cathode network must of course be chosen so that the networks are progressive for reasons of adaptation

be that the cathodes 7 are at the center of the off. The housing 15 and thus the anode network

hexagonal meshes of the anode network are grounded and with the positive pole of the span

Find. voltage source 22 connected, while the cathode

The F i g. 5 and 6 show how it is possible to form a two-dimensional 22 connected to the negative pole of the voltage source in a suitable manner by network with the negative pole of the voltage source (FIG. 9). To obtain the supply line to the cathosional network, whose mesh network is structured through the walls of the housing 15 to magnetron discharge systems with several cavity resonators with the reference numeral 23 in FIGS. 8 and 10, which are indicated alongside. A magnet 24, in the example a U-shaped, are arranged on the other and coupled to one another. In the permanent magnet, the example shown around the housing 15 is six cavity resonators arranged so that the pole pieces N and S are provided in longitudinal direction. For this purpose, it is sufficient to profile the head 10 running in the direction of the cathodes 7 and rods 2 in a diamond shape by building up arc-shaped recesses attached to four magnetic fields for the operation of the individual magnetron sides.

will. As shown in FIG. 6, cavity resonators, as particularly shown in FIG. 10, are expanded

11 and coupling column 12 for coupling with which the housing 15 extends from the entrance to the exit,

different interaction spaces 13 around the d. i.e., the metal plates 1 and 6 have essentially

Cathodes 7 are provided. 35 borrowed a triangular or more precisely trapezoidal one

While in FIG. 6 one and the same cavity shape. The ratio of the two base lengths of the

resonator 11 at the same time to several, especially to three trapezoidal bodies preferably corresponds to the

F i g shows elementary magnetron tubes. 7 a ratio between output and input power,

modified embodiment in which the hollow d. H. of reinforcement.

Space resonators of the elementary magnetron tubes of 40. In another embodiment shown in FIG which adjacent magnetron tubes are separated. FIG. 11 shows a coupling-out window 19 and provided only coupled to the latter by slots 14, which is opposite to the direction of propagation of the are. In this embodiment with hexagonal incoming and in the same direction in the network anode network two types of profiled work are inclined to propagating microwave energy. heads are used, the type 10 'being a long 45 In addition, there is part of the anode-drawn hexagonal shape with six circular arcs, which is shown in the dark hatched area shaped recesses and the other type 10 "zone 25 is arranged, i.e. outside of the triangular shape is designed. This creates a widening area between input and output systems with six each of the coupling windows, with a suitable damping cathode surrounding cavity resonators. 50 layer covered or by suitable inner or

It is obvious that it is not just quadratic external means that are attenuated. Otherwise the

or hexagonal networks, but also other amplifier tubes according to FIG. 11 that in FIG. 8

polygonal networks, which require the respective tube to 10 shown.

nits are adapted, can be used. In- Fig. 12 shows another embodiment of a

in particular, the system with rods of the anode network provided with coolants in the 55 can be used. There-

F i g. 5 to 7 shown cross-sectional shape also with the rods 2 are hollow and at the end ver

the in the F i g. 1 and 2 shown square closed, while the metal plate 1 with a

Network with round bars can be applied. Cooling jacket 26 and a channel system with inlet

The F i g. 8-10 show a forward shaft and output lines 27 and 28 equipped so

Amplifier tube which is circulated with any of the above 60 that a cooling liquid

written or a corresponding anode network.

Werk is equipped, with only an example. The operation of the high rods with cross-sectional shapes according to FIGS. 5 power forward wave amplifier tube according to FIGS. 13 to 7 and square network meshes according to the invention are described.
F i g. 1 and 2 are used. The metallic support 65 Since the voltage from the voltage source 22 is plate 1 of the anode network, a part of the wall between the anode and cathode network is applied to the evacuated box-like housing 15, ie a constant electric field between each made of copper, for example a rod 2 and an associated cathode 7

5 6

is building, and there is a circle inside the housing 15 including the insulating coupling window penetrating magnetic field from the magnet and the reflection of part of the reinforced 24 runs perpendicular to the electric field, the energy at this window gets yielded. These reflect through the input waveguide 16 and fed energy, which is transverse to the circle backwards high frequency entering through the coupling window 17 would spread to the same extent as the normal quente wave two phenomena emerge. On the one hand wave are amplified, creating a feedback excited the intense field of the incident wave introduced in and give rise to self-oscillations of the Connection with the constant electric field would give the tube. In Fig. 11, the reflective cold emission each cathode correspondingly known part of the energy by the with respect to the Practice. On the other hand, suppose the wave is in the direction of propagation of the wave in the waveguide 16 and spreads along the diagonal of each mesh in the inclined coupling window 19 in the arrows 29 of the two-dimensional network from and further and 30 designated damped region 25 accepted back, that the wavelength is the length of the dispatch. The reflected part is therefore inside delay circle propagating wave, d. H. absorbed by the tube, thereby reducing the above wavelength of the incident wave around the proportion 15 mentioned disadvantages are avoided, the deceleration ratio of the circle is reduced, in order to make an assessment of the performance of the about, d. H. to enable amplifier tube according to the invention within the limits of a certain band, is the same as the dimension of this diagonal, an exemplary embodiment of a tube is to be used below The elementary magnetrons of the system begin with which are considered with typical dimensions. Frequency of the incident wave to oscillate after 20 It is assumed that the amplifier tube im Type of a »locked-in oscillation system« corresponding to 10 cm tape should work and an anode and according to the mode that corresponds to the number of anode-cathode networks according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with one elements of the magnetron discharge system. Should have a delay ratio of 20. then In a system with, for example, four elements, the following dimensions can be used:

and a wave with one of the diagonal ρ of the * ₅ diagonal of the mesh ρ 5 mm

Mesh 2, 3 4 and 5 m F1 g 1 corresponding white diameter of the rods 2 2 mm

For a long time the wave strides along the diagonal of the _{length of the 2} * _2mm

I? a ^ n T i * * l ^ng ' λ ^, ^zero P ^has £ ^du : diameter of the cathodes 7 1 mm

Phase of the wave when it reaches element 2 and

at the amount of which can be assumed. In the 30 Without artificial cooling, a charge can be made At this point in time, the phase at the level of the EIe of 20 watts per rod 2 is achieved, whereby the tempe-

mentes 3 is equal to 2 π and at the level of the elements 4 the temperature is lower than 200 ° C. Is a donation of

and 5 is π. It can be seen from this that 500 kilowatts are desired, so must 25,000 poles

the phase difference between the voltages can each be provided.

A pair of adjacent cavity resonators, each rod is located in the middle of a surface

gnetron discharge system with the elements 2, 3.4 of 0.25 cm ² , so is an area of

and 5 as the anode is π . This magnetronent- 6250 cm ^{2 is} required, and plates 1 and 6 can

charge system therefore oscillates in the so-called therefore have the shape of a trapezoid, its

π mode. Corresponding considerations show the baseline dimensions of 1 m and 10 cm

Have the possibility of oscillations in other modes 40 and whose height is 1.2 m,

of magnetron discharge systems with hexagonal one takes the typical efficiency of the

or other polygonal anode networks. Magnetrons with two thirds on, then the

The phases of the waves generated by the individual magnetron discharged energy of 500 kW from a supplied charge system are assigned to one another so total energy of 1500 kW and an average that only those in the direction of the borrowed continuous power of 1000 kW. When a wave fails, the energy propagating has a non-zero coefficient of use of one-fiftieth different resultants, while the energy propagating in the peak power of such a tube is 50 megawatts, the other direction is due to the water-cooled circuit, as in FIG. 12 represents interference is completely destroyed, ie set by alternation, the permissible power output is no longer effective in the system is made equal to zero. From this 50 20, but at least 200 or 250 watts per it follows that the incident wave to the extent that it is rod. To give the same power of 500 kW in which periodic build-up progresses, cumulatively, 2000 rods are therefore sufficient, which ^{occupy an area of 500 cm 2} due to the energies of the elementary oscillators, which, for example, strengthens the shape to get out of the tube the coupling of a trapezoid with baselines of 30 or 3 cm window 19 and exit through horn 18 and a height of 30 cm to be radiated. The same usable peak power of 50 mega-

The watt widening from the entrance to the exit then becomes of 2000 elementary magnetronent form The tube enables it to work within the charge system with a peak power of each The entire structure emits a practically constant energy of 25 kW, with each 37.5 kW peak density to maintain, d. H. equal output in δο power absorbed, which in turn with a relative each of the anode elements of the circle. This low voltage of the voltage source 22 from punching is guaranteed to be particularly precise if that is 12.5 kilovolts and a peak current of 3 amps Ratio of the dimensions of the metal plates on per cathode is feasible. Input and output equal to the power consumption. The invention offers numerous advantages, of which Strengthening the amplifier is. 65 the most important ones are listed below.

The improved embodiment of FIG. 11 be a) Since the energy density over the entire cathode

aims to eliminate possible disadvantages, which the and anode network can be constant,

Due to the imperfect adaptation of the starting point, melting risks are very much reduced.

b) The efficiency is the same as that of magnetrons and amplitrons, and the bandwidth corresponds to that of Lauffeld tubes.

c) The voltages supplied are relatively very low, so that there is a risk of breakdowns or arcing is effectively eliminated.

d) To achieve high performance, it is enough to use a large surface with the only one Condition that the energy density remains within certain limits. A suitable one Dependence of the energy density on the dimensions of the tube between input and output allows this condition to be met.

e) It is not necessary for the conduit to be uniform for the tube to work accurately. It is Z. B. possible, the division of the network within the interaction area is suitable to vary and thus to achieve directional effects as with microwave lenses.

f) local irregularities are practically negligible. Even if some of the cathodes stop working, the performance of the tube is not significantly affected. _a5

The invention can of course be modified so that instead of cold cathodes hot cathodes are used and the cathode and anode networks by equivalent others polygonal networks are replaced.

Claims (14)

Patent claims: 1. High performance forward wave amplifier tube with a plurality of spatially adjacent arranged magnetron discharge systems, each consisting of a central cathode and consist of a cavity resonator arrangement coaxially surrounding the cathode, thereby characterized in that the magnetron discharge systems are so constructed and electrical are connected in parallel that their anode elements on the one hand and their cathodes on the other hand Form a two-dimensional polygonal network along which the microwave energy to be amplified spreads. 2. amplifier tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode network of a first metal plate and the cathode network carried by a second metal plate and that the second metal plate is parallel to and electrically from the first metal plate insulated is arranged so that the anode and the cathode network appropriately penetrate, so each cathode is in the center of a mesh of the anode network. 3. amplifier tube according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cathodes are cold-emitting are. 4. amplifier tube according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal plates are trapezoidal and the microwave energy to be amplified on the narrow base side of the trapezoid and the amplified microwave energy on the wide base of the Trapezoid is taken. 5. amplifier tube according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the widths to the narrow base side of the trapezoid is equal to the amount of power gain to be achieved with the tube is chosen. 6. Amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the division (p) of the anode network is equal to the mean wavelength of the operating frequency band of the tube. 7. amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a decoupling window, that against the direction of propagation of the incoming and in the same direction in the network propagating microwave energy is inclined. 8. amplifier tube according to claim 7, characterized by damping means in one part of the anode network along the path of microwave energy reflected through the coupling-out window. 9. amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by coolant for the Anode network. 10. amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the meshes of the anode network are square. 11. amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the Meshes of the anode network are hexagonal. 12. amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the elements forming the anode network are in the form of rods with profile heads. 13. amplifier tube according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the cathodes and / or the anode network elements to the side of the energy coupling and to the side of the energy extraction in their height decrease progressively. 14. Amplifier tube according to claim 2 or according to claim 2 and one of the following claims, characterized in that at least one microwave energy trap within the second Metal plate is provided. For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings 909519/397