DE1282185B - Electromagnetic relay with tongue-shaped armature contact - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

HOIh

German KL: 21g -4/01

Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:

P 12 82 185.1-33 (T 22727)

September 11, 1962

November 7, 1968

t — I
CSI

The invention relates to an electromagnetic relay in which one opposite its magnet winding stationary core carries a pole piece which interacts with at least one tongue serving as an anchor, which, depending on the excitation of the magnet winding, opens a contact assigned to it and closes.

In particular, but not exclusively, the invention relates to such a relay in which the Contacts are encapsulated separately from the magnet winding and only one protruding from the magnet winding Extension of the core is inserted into the encapsulation of the contacts and the pole piece wearing. With such a configuration of the relay it is avoided that the contacts are deposited as a result of precipitation the magnet winding in operation, namely by corroding from it Modify gases and the like unfavorably.

The invention is based on the object of simplifying the structure of a relay of the type mentioned and to reduce the need for magnetic switching energy.

To solve this problem, the invention provides that the pole piece, which acts as an armature acting tongue and the intermediate air gap passing magnetic flux over a second Air gap is closed with a relatively much larger effective area.

It is also provided that the magnetic flux through the core via a magnetizable material high permeability existing, in a known manner provided around the relay housing closed is.

Despite the second air gap to operate the relay, little magnetic energy is required. It is possible to train the tongue itself as part of the circuit to be controlled, because an electrical short circuit across the core is prevented by the second air gap. This arrangement enables the magnetic working air gap and the electrical contacts to be separated from each other to provide what on the one hand the electrical contacts not to the use of magnetic Materials binds and, on the other hand, an accumulation of always existing electromagnetically to a certain extent effective dust particles less on the critical contact surfaces than on the less critical magnetic working air gap between the pole piece and tongue. When the magnetic Flux returned via an outer magnetic housing according to the intended design or a comparable version of the electromagnetic relay

with tongue-shaped anchor contact

, Applicant:

Thermosen, Inc., Stamford, Conn. (V. St. A.)
Representative:

Dr.-Ing. F. Wuesthoff, Dipl.-Ing. G. Pulse
and Dr. rer. nat. E. Frhr. v. Bad luck man,
Patent attorneys,
8000 Munich 90, Schweigerstr. 2

Named as inventor:

Nathan H. Magida, Westport, Conn. (V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

_ao V. St. v. America September 11, 1961
(137 395)

The tongue only needs to return the magnetic flux over a certain distance to extend parallel to this magnetic feedback or the outer housing to the necessary to obtain a wide area of the second working gap. The attachment of the tongue to the Bottom made of non-magnetic material, so that in a better way than before to the required Spring action of the tongue can be influenced. In addition, this can be done with the same return of the magnetic flux, for example by means of the housing according to the embodiment mentioned, easily close the magnetic circuits for a number of reeds.

Relays according to the invention are used in particular as multi-pole relays; but they can also be single-pole. The tongue or tongues and the electromagnet are expedient as usual with this arrangement mounted on a common support, the can partially consist of the magnetizable housing.

A compact and yet inexpensive structure suitable for accommodating a large number of contacts Branching of the magnetic flux is obtained when the pole piece is substantially annular Has cross-section and several contact arms and tongues each with a radial distance to the pole piece rings

809 630/880

is arranged around this. One can include the con-In its preferred form of training the relay 10 is arranged in a single, centrally located machine, that with a given excitation, ζ. B. with gnetisbaren pole piece 18, which with the help of a Wickvoll Excitation or in the de-energized state, a treatment 22 can be magnetized. The pole piece be part the contacts are open and another part is made of a material that has its magnetism is closed. The housing made of magnetizable after magnetizing only in a small amount of material extends then preferably maintains concentra- tion; it is within enclosure 24 Irish arranged to arrange the tongues and contact arms for the contacts, and the enclosure around this. is preferably hermetically sealed. Within

Despite the sealing of the switching elements after the enclosure are along the circumference of the PoI

outside it can happen that the to-piece 18 magnetizable tongues 20 distributed to which

Assembled relay inaccessible contacts are associated with contact support arms 26 and 28, the

gradually get worse. Wear contacts 16, 17 and 12, 14 for the service life. Everyone's tongue

To keep the relay very high anyway, you can also use one or two of these contact support arms

provided that the tongues and contacts assign 15. In the preferred training shown

are formed and arranged relative to one another that formation form changeover contacts are provided, and

they along each other when closing and opening when magnetizing the pole piece 18 are the

to wipe. To also an occasional short-circuit tongues 20 operated so that they one after the other

Preventing over the pole piece is also an interruption of contact and a contact with

cause electrically insulating material existing ab- 20 aid of the associated support arm contacts.

Stand piece between pole piece and tongue in front - As explained below, the construction

seen. train it in such a way that the contact

A multi-pole relay according to the invention that compensates for interruption before or after making contact can serve as a changeover switch, preference is given to the following. This construction avoids the necessity designed so that around the pole piece it is possible to select tongues that are matched to one another, a variety of tongues made of thin, flexible and it allows the contact unit in front of the ferromagnetic material and both radially inside enclosing the same in the envelope exactly as also a large number of infeeds each radially adjacent to the outside. The fact that the contacts are in a flexible resilient contact arms arranged with their sheath separated from the winding The ends of the contact surfaces provided are electrically iso-30 also ensures a greater operating ratio are mounted. safety and leads to a longer service life

The invention will be seen in the following on the basis of the relay, since there are no signs of corrosion.

be able to join in with matic drawings on an implementation. You can evacuate the contact container

game explained in more detail. kuieren or him with a chemically neutral gas

F i g. 1 shows a multi-pole relay in line 35 fill. According to FIG. 1 and 2 allows the spatial layout; saving arrangement at the relay, with the help of a

F i g. 2 is a cross section along the line 2-2 in a single field winding up to eight single-pole turns

F i g. 1; switch to operate at the same time.

F i g. 3 is a partial section along line 3-3 in FIG. 2 is the centrally arranged magnetic

F i g. 2; 40 adjustable pole piece 18 in the form of a spoke star

F i g. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of each spoke being the movable one

a set of contacts; The end of a magnetic tongue is adjacent. Though

F i g. 5 and 6 illustrate in a considerable size - one could also use the pole piece 18 as an annular one

rem scale each in a partial view of different or polygonal thin disk, but offers

dene stages of the wiping movement, which the 45 the shape of the spoke star the advantage that a

Make contacts when the tongue moves through the disruptive magnetic flux between the central ma-

Magnetization of the pole piece from their normal gnetkern and the outer return path for the

Moved out closed position and to bear against the magnetic flux occurs to a lesser extent. At the

normally open contact is made. lower part of the pole piece 18 is a spacer

In the drawings, similar parts are each with 50 disk 30 made of non-magnetic and non-conductive

the same reference numerals. Material attached that has the task of the tongues

According to FIG. 1, the relay 10 comprises a housing arranged in a housing 20 to be kept at a distance from the pole piece 18 and hermetically sealed to the outside so that they cannot come into electrically conductive contact with the sealed component from each other in pairs on the pole piece,
opposite, arranged on support arms 55. The pole piece 18 is shown in FIG. 1 at its upper contacts, with a downwardly projecting extension of a contact of the magnetic core 32, the main organ of which is provided, in the form of a magnetic tongue, connected between each two of these contacts. Alternatively, each of the parts can also be enclosed by the winding 22. The tongue contacts can only be assigned to a pole piece 18 attached to a support arm and the spacer 30 encompassing contact. The magnetizing unit is attached on its underside to axially attachable tongues are attached to the circumference of a magnetizing-arranged support rod 34, which is arranged in a portable pole piece 18 so that each tongue tube 36 is inserted. This arrangement provides the axial support required for the pole piece to be in or out of contact with 18 when the magnet winding is actuated. 1 and 3 are used to bring in the associated support arm contacts. All contacts 65 magnetizing current to the winding 22 wires are enclosed in an envelope 38 conductive strips 39, which are embedded in an upper end wall to prevent corrosion phenomena, so 58 and through these downwards that a high level of operational safety is guaranteed is. extend, furthermore conductive strips 41 as well as conductive

capable strips 43 embedded in a lower end wall 40 of the relay extend through that end wall extend outwards and carry connecting lugs 42. These parts are opposite as shown in FIG offset to a central plane of the relay.

According to FIG. 2, 4 and 5 are distributed along the circumference of the pole piece 18 several tongues 20, which Contact support arms 26 and 28 are assigned. Each tongue carries two contacts 16 and 17, which with the Support arm contacts 14 and 12 work together. The support arms 26 and 28 consist of a resilient one conductive material, e.g. B. phosphor bronze or beryllium copper with low electrical resistance. The tongues 20 must, however, be made of a ferromagnetic material in which it is preferably a material that has a high magnetic saturation and suitable resilience properties. The material of the tongues and the support arm can optionally be plated with suitable precious metals such as gold or silver, to further improve the corrosion resistance. At their lower ends are the tongues 20 and 20 Support arms 26 and 28 embedded in the insulating end wall 40, through which they protrude outwards, where they carry terminal lugs 42 which are connected to the ends of the connecting wires in a suitable manner be e.g. B. as solder or plug connections.

The contacts of the tongues and the support arms, the greater part of the tongues and the support arms and that Pole pieces 18 are arranged in a housing 24, which is preferably hermetically sealed after evacuation sealed or via the support tube 36 and openings 44 provided therein with a chemically neutral Gas is filled. The housing is then closed at 46 by squeezing the tube. A seal made of glass can also be provided. After closing it becomes a part of the cap 48 pushed onto the lock to protect it from damage. This cap part can also serve as a guide element when inserting the relay into the associated sockets when the connecting lugs 42 are replaced by pins.

The upper end of the magnetic core 32 is secured by a nut 50 which is attached to a threaded section 52 of the core is screwed, tightened against an annular support plate 54, which extends transversely through the upper part of the relay cap 56 extends. This preferably consists of a metal with a high magnetic permeability.

The sealed envelope 24 for the contacts within the relay cap 56 can be in a wide variety of ways Way to be trained. In the form of training according to F i g. 1 are two at a distance mutually arranged disks are provided, one of which is arranged by one on the inside stepped portion of the end wall 40 can be formed. The other disk 58 forms one Partition wall. A sleeve 60 made of metal, glass, plastic, or some other suitable material can exist, connects the end wall 40 with the intermediate wall 58 and forms together with these Walls a cylindrical enclosure. The joints between the sleeve 60 and the two disc-shaped End walls are sealed by means of a sealing compound 62 and 64, respectively.

In the construction described, the winding 22 is arranged separately from the contacts 12, 14, 16 and 17. In this way the contacts are protected against the gases which normally escape from the winding and which in many cases give rise to signs of corrosion.
A wide variety of materials can be selected for the components of the relay. For example, the end wall 40 and the intermediate wall 58 can be made of a ceramic material or a suitable plastic. The sleeve 60 can from

ίο glass, plastic, or even brass or iron exist. The magnetic elements, e.g. B. the core 32, the pole piece 18 and the tongues 20 can be made from a wide variety of ferromagnetic materials can be produced, but this is preferably chosen Materials with a high saturation flux value, e.g. B. iron or silicon-iron alloys. The support arms 26 and 28 should be made of a material with suitable resilience properties be e.g. B. made of phosphor bronze or beryl

ao lium copper with a suitable low electrical resistance, and this material is said to be preferably with suitable precious metals, e.g. B. with gold, plated to the corrosion resistance to increase further. The contacts 12 to 17 are preferably made of noble metal, but one can also use tungsten or molybdenum alloys to increase the resistance of the contacts to Increase pitting caused by arcing.

The various terminal lugs and conductive strips can be connected to the wires 38 and the tongues, respectively and / or the support arms, e.g. B. be connected by spot welding, brazing or soft soldering, if they are designed as separate components.

It can be assumed that the magnetic flux produced when a current is passed through the winding 22 arises, which is shown in FIG. 1 with dashed lines 65 indicated path follows. Every Such a path runs from the core 32 through the PoI -stück 18, the magnetic tongues 20, an air gap 66, the relay housing 56, the annular support plate 54 back to the core 32. In addition, there are still there are other, similar flux paths that pass through all of the remaining magnetic tongues 20; but these are shown in Fig. 1 for the sake of clarity. 1 not shown.

The strength of the magnetic flux increases, of course, if one considers the strength of the flowing through the winding 22 Stroms enlarged. At a higher current strength, the tongues 20 are therefore driven by the pole piece 18 tightened stronger and faster. It is generally assumed that contact pressures of 4 to 10 g are sufficient to ensure proper contact. Therefore one chooses an excitation current strength, at which contact pressures in this area occur. When the power is turned on the relay will generally respond within 4 milliseconds or less.

In Fig. 4 is the upper end of a tongue 20 to-

together with the upper ends of the contact arms 26 and 28 shown in perspective. You can see that the tongue 20 rests against the spacer washer 30, but never in contact with the magnetizable Pole piece 18 is coming. This will short-circuit the tongues across the metal of the pole piece prevented. On both sides of the tongue, the support arms 26 and 28 are at a distance from it the contacts 12 and 14 arranged.

As the tongue 20 moves from left to right, its contact 16 slides as shown in FIG. 5 and 6 a short distance on the contact 14 of the support arm 28 upwards. When the tongue contact 17 den Contacted counter contact 12, it slides on the counter contact 12 of the support arm 26 for a short distance below. This sliding movement when the contact is interrupted and the contact is made is due to the preload of the support arms 26 and 28 in the direction of the tongue, d. H. on the from FIG. 1 apparent arrangement. Thus, the invention provides a relay in which every time it is switched on a wiping or sliding movement occurs on the contacts. This way of working of the contacts that Better contact is guaranteed even with lower contact bridges, proves to be more appropriate than the mode of operation of the non-sliding contacts of known reed relays.

It can be seen that four different switching effects can be achieved with the aid of the relay: First contact can be made, secondly, contact can be interrupted, thirdly a contact break occurs before a contact is made, and fourth is a contact made before a contact Interruption of contact possible. Regarding a contact break before a contact is made is off F i g. 5 and 6 it can be seen that the contact is interrupted between contacts 14 and 16, before contact is made between contacts 17 and 12. This can be done in a simple way Way by suitable arrangement of the tongue opposite the support arms and the bias of the support arms reach. In this way, an often desired sequence of operations is achieved in which a circuit must be interrupted before another circuit is closed. The one in between The time span can be regulated fairly well with the help of the excitation current.

Furthermore, from FIG. 4 to 6 show that the construction with a tongue and two contact arms very suitable for building relays that are both normally open and normally have closed contacts, without it being necessary, a bias by a Provide permanent magnets. Only through suitable mechanical pre-tensioning or suitable Arrangement of the support arms opposite the tongues can be achieved that certain contacts normally are open or normally closed.

From Fig. 2 it can also be seen that the distribution of the tongues and support arms along the circumference of the pole piece 18 leads to an improvement in the magnetic efficiency, and there instead of greater Masses only need to move the thin, leaf-spring-like tongues to move the whole thing Relays are operated with a relatively weak current.

The construction described also enables the positive setting of the contacts before the Housing is hermetically sealed.

The construction can also be modified so that the enclosed contacts are in the upper part of the relay housing. Furthermore, the partition can be used as a support for the lower Ends of the tongues and the contact support arms are used. You can also use the magnetic core and arrange the winding in the middle of the component comprising the tongues and support arms, wherein this component is enclosed by an annular wall concentric therewith. In all cases it is possible that the connecting pins protrude through one end or the other of the relay to the outside.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. Electromagnetic relay in which a core that is stationary with respect to its magnetic winding carries a pole piece that cooperates with at least one tongue serving as an anchor, each of which after the magnet winding is excited, a contact assigned to it opens and closes, with in particular, the contacts are encapsulated separately from the magnet winding and only one from the Magnet winding protruding extension of the core inserted into the encapsulation of the contacts is and carries the pole piece, characterized in that the over the pole piece (18), the tongue (20) acting as an armature and the air gap in between Closed via a second air gap (66) with a relatively much larger effective area is. 2. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic flux through the core (32) via a magnetizable material of high permeability, is closed in a manner known per se around the relay (10) provided housing (56). 3. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 2, characterized in that the tongue (20) and electromagnet (22, 32) in a manner known per se on a common support are mounted. 4. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the second Air gap (66) is arranged between the tongue (20) and the magnetizable housing (56). 5. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the pole piece (18) has a substantially annular cross-section and has a plurality of contact arms (26, 28) and tongues (20) are arranged around this at a radial distance from the pole piece. 6. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 5, characterized in that the contact arms (26,28) and tongues (20) are arranged so radially offset from one another that at a given Excitation part (12) of the contacts is open and another part (14) is closed. 7. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 2 to 6, characterized in that the housing (56) made of magnetizable material concentric to the arrangement of the tongues (20) and Contact arms (26, 28) extending around them. 8. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the tongues (20) and the contacts (12,14) are designed and arranged relative to one another that they Wipe along each other when opening and closing. 9. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that one of electrically insulating material existing spacer (30) between the pole piece (18) and the tongue (20) is provided. 10. Electromagnetic relay according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that around the pole piece (18) a plurality of tongues (20) made of thin, flexible ferromagnetic material Material and both radially inside and radially outside adjacent a plurality each of flexible resilient contact arms (26, 28) made of non-magnetizable material with at their 10 Ends provided contact surfaces (12,14) are mounted electrically insulated. Considered publications: German Auslegeschrift No. 1 077 750; U.S. Patents Nos. 2,053,102, 2,523,360, 668 207. 1 sheet of drawings 809 630/880 10.68 ® Bundesdruckerei Berlin