DE1260598C2 - Two- or multi-phase rectifier arrangement with grid-controlled rectifiers - Google Patents

Description

3. : 4

Has shunt branch, the number on the series circuit is a special delay circuit not an ohmic resistor, one to the grid required; Rather, suitably selected controlled rectifiers with opposite polarity and un-phase voltages can each be used to control a rectifier to be controlled and an anode voltage which is to be used to rectify the control,
voltage supplying control DC voltage source is 5 The invention is in the following description, the resistance at the end of the respective secondary winding facing away from the star point on the basis of embodiments and the associated end of the respective secondary winding explained in more detail. It shows
and the control DC voltage source at the star point F i g. 1 is an electrical circuit diagram, which is a connected and the voltage at the connec- Embodiment of the first invention in the application point between resistance and uncontrolled io manure to a half-wave rectification of a three-phase rectifier via a differentiating element in the alternating current, with a power via load and choke coil closing grid circuit transformer with star connection is used,
that rectifier is introduced, the connection Fig. 2A, 2B and 2C waveforms for the explanation of the alternating voltage of the branch lying at the branch tion of the operation of the embodiment according to voltage in the phase sequence precedes. 15 F i g. 1,

Another invention is based on an equation. 3 A, 3 B and 3 C vector diagrams for the installer arrangement with single-phase middle point clarification of the phase relationships of the control voltage switched secondary windings of a single to rectify three-phase AC transformers, where grid-controlled direct current,

judges in the outer branches of the mid-point scarf 20 F i g. 4 an electrical circuit diagram of an output

and the rectifiers of a mid-point guidance form of the second invention are in use

circuit is assigned a grid control unit, which is based on a single-phase center point circuit,

from one of the midpoint circuit via un- Fig. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D graphic representations

controlled rectifier control half-waves taken from waveforms to explain the operational

Lens voltage is applied and after a delay of the embodiment according to FIG. 4,

tion by means of a delay circuit ignition signals Fig. 6 is an electrical circuit diagram of a further

for the associated rectifier outputs. further embodiment of the second invention in

This rectifier arrangement is known from its application to a single-phase bridge circuit,
the publication of the company General Electric "Con- Fig, 7 an electrical circuit diagram of a wide-rolled rectifier manual", 1960, pp. 95 to 97. There 30 direct embodiment of the second invention in the case of one with a unijunction application to the rectification of six-phase transistor operating grid control, in which the direct current and. ■

Ignition point through the charging time of a condenser F i g. 8 is an electrical circuit diagram of a weisator is set. This arrangement is also sensitive to the first embodiment of the first invention against fluctuations in the feeding 35 application to full-wave rectification of three-phase alternating voltage, because the charging time of the condensate alternating current.

sators shortened with increasing supply voltage and first the case according to F i g. 1 bedamit the ignition point is brought forward. in which the rectifier arrangement, To solve the above-mentioned problem, the proposal according to the invention for one-way rectification Invention suggests that when the load circuit is closed, three-phase alternating current is used for 40. Stabilization of the rectified output voltage A three-phase transformer 1, its secondary regardless of fluctuations in the feeding,. windings are connected in star connection, leads approximately sinusoidal alternating voltage in the alternating current to the grid controlled rectifier grid control unit a trigger circuit is provided, tern 2, 3 and 4, the outputs of which are common over to which the control half-wave voltage is connected together with 45 a choke coil 5 with a load 6 the voltage of a control DC voltage source are to be. Parallel to the load6 is a capacitance? guided and a square pulse is generated when it switches.

the control half-wave voltage in its course in To generate the control alternating voltage each Direction towards zero equal to the DC control voltage of the grid-controlled rectifier 2, 3 and 4 are ohmic, that the square pulse then on the delay 50 see resistors 8, 9 and 10 with the output clamping circuit is given that a fixed delay of the three phases of the transformer 1 connected

time of £ and after which the ^d £ ⁿ ' ^{would be} ? ^{d di} * ^at ^ ^T ™ ^ends ^ fI resistors

⁰ 2 via uncontrolled rectifiers 11, 12 and 13 with

Ignition signal on the leading edge of the delayed control DC voltage source 14 are connected. Square pulse generated, and that also in series with 55 The voltages on the corresponding connector Load a choke coil is connected. . connection points between these resistors 8, 9 and

The German Auslegeschrift 693 477 and 10 and the rectifiers 11, 12 and 13 are about USA.-Patent 2 372 104 it is with DC capacitors 15, 16 and 17 to the control grid of the known judge arrangements, applied by feedforward corresponding rectifier 4, 2 and 3. Fluctuations in the alternating supply voltage to 60 With these grids are also resistors 18, to press. In contrast, the invention is based on 19 and 20 connected together with the condem Principle that form differentiation circuits of the amplitude of the alternating mains capacitors 15, 16 and 17, voltage proportional change in amplitude The at the other ends of the resistors 18, 19 the AC control voltage to compensate for the connected bias current source 21 and 20 65 caused by mains voltage fluctuations normally keeps the rectifier in non-conduction fluctuations the DC output voltage approaches the state. To draw the operating mode of these rectifiers, arrangement is shown below with reference to Fig. 2A,

Described for star connections with odd-numbered phases 2 B and 2 C.

5. ■; ■■ '■. . .6

In Fig. 2A, the solid line represents the judges 3 and 4 are used. The switching in voltage e ₀ at the cathodes of the controlled DC - the conductive states of the three rectifiers becomes

rectifier. With this rectifier arrangement, ^ ^ phase differences of ^ = ζ are carried out,

the, as can be seen from the solid line 3 3 ^b

see, the voltage e _{x of the} first phase, the span 5 This difference is just as large as the phase difference

voltage e _{2 of} the second phase and the voltage e _{3 of} the reference between each two phases of the three-phase

third phase controlled in such a way that they each by supply AC voltage.

Convict the. Grid-controlled rectifier 2, 3 When the grid-controlled rectifiers 2, 3 and 4 and 4 in their conductive states one after the other form the voltage e ₀ compared to the example shown in FIG. This means that in the period of time ίο each reversed polarity at the transformer 1 between i ₀ to t _t, the rectifier 4 becomes conductive and connected and, moreover, the polarity of the voltage e ₀ is essentially the same. the voltage of the control DC voltage source 14 is reversed, voltage e _{3 of} the third phase. In the same way, on the output side of the choke, during the period t _t to i _2, the tension coil 5 has a DC output voltage with a negative voltage e ₀ , essentially equal to the voltage _{e v} and 15 polarity with respect to the sometimes grounded reference in the period between t ₂ to t _s is the tension clamp. Even if in the present description voltage e ₀ is essentially equal to voltage _{e 2} . , only treated the case where a tension is dealt with

In order to obtain the grid-controlled rectifier according to positive (+) polarity, it is demander to convert it to its conductive state, it is also possible to obtain a voltage of negative (-) a control voltage with a waveform corresponding to polarity by suitable switching, accordingly the heavily extended in Fig. 2 B line the reason why the DC output voltage e _{0 is} produced, in the embodiment shown in Figure ^1. 1 formwork by the described arrangement, stable at a processing by the resistors 8, 9 and 10, which is held at a non-constant value without being influenced by Schwan-controlled rectifiers 11, 12 and 13 and the controls of the AC control voltage, DC voltage source 14 at connection point 25 can be derived from FIG. 2A. If th between the respective resistors and the capacitance of the smoothing capacitor 7 of the equalizing rectifiers. In Fig. 2B, however, it is assumed to be sufficiently large for the equilibrium side and only the rectifier 12 and the control DC voltage, which are neglected from the voltage e _2, the ripple component and the resistance second phase through the resistor 9, the uncontrolled component of the choke coil 5, are understood The output DC voltage E ₀ in source 14 is shown in the control voltage curve in FIG. 2A, a value corresponding to the mean value in FIG. 2A. assume the voltage e ₀ , that is, that the output

It should now be based on Fig. 2A, 2B and 2C DC voltage E ₀ assumes such a value,

Consider the case that the rectifier 2 is the area between the curve e _{0 in FIG. 2A}

is brought into the conductive state. The reference 35 and the line E ₀ in the section where e _{0 is} greater

character e _a denotes the voltage at the connection as E ₀ (ie in area A ₁ with horizontal

connection point 'between the resistor 9 and fierung), is equal to the area between the curve e ₀

the rectifier 12. In the interval between and the line E ₀ in the section in which e _{0 is} smaller

t _a to ij, the rectifier 12 is conductive, since that is than E ₀ (ie in the area A ₂ with more perpendicular

Voltage e _{2 of} the second phase, the voltage E _s of hatching).

Control DC voltage source 14 reached, whereby the result of the calculation is the relationship

the state of e _a = E _s arises. The control voltage

voltage e _a is determined by the differentiating element 16, 18 dif- - -, no
referenced. Accordingly, on the control electrode. E ₀ = —-— · E _s
of the rectifier 2 received an ignition voltage e _b , 45 2 π
which is shown in Fig. 2C in solid lines. Since the control voltage e _a in the interval Since this relationship is constant independent of the voltage t _a and t _t , the ignition voltage e _{b is} zero, the alternating current source must be rectified but at time t _t it suddenly rises to an output voltage of the rectifier arrangement according to the value that corresponds to the differentiated value of the voltage of the invention regardless of changes in the voltage e _a . This sudden increase in the voltage of the AC power source will be constant.
Voltage e _b at time t _t serves as an ignition signal for the above relation is generally when the triggering of the rectifier 2. It can be seen that the control AC voltage compared to the concatenated ignition voltage e _b with respect to the control voltage e _a voltage between the two to be switched

has a phase lag of y. ⁵⁵ phases lagging by y. In the case of a three-phase

At time t _v, when the rectifier 2 is conductive star connection, such a voltage is in the form, the anode voltage e _{s of} the grid-controlled rectifier 4 directly available to the third phase circuit is lower than the input voltage e ₀ supply. In other words, this voltage has against the choke coil 5, as can be seen from FIG. 2A. The 60 over the anode alternating voltage, to which voltage e _{0 corresponds to the voltage e 0 on} the cathode side, is to be switched, a phase lead by voltage of the rectifier 4. As a result, half of the phase angle between adjacent rectifiers 4 is converted to the non-conductive state. Phases plus a phase angle of π.

As described above, a generation of ignition signals for the grid-derived ignition signal is used from the voltage e ₂ for switching the grid-controlled rectifier in the case of the rectified-controlled rectifier 2, while generating three-phase alternating current in the same way from the voltages e ₃ and e _{x from} the preceding description can also be used to switch ignition signals to switch the equation using a vector diagram according to FIGS. 3A,

3 B and 3 C are explained. In the case of a star switch, alternating control voltage e _u , as it is achieved by a

direction, the phase voltages e _v e ₂ and e _{3 are shown as a} solid line in FIG. 5B,

τ ,, j.rc,. 2π. . . _. ". generated at a resistor 30 and the voltage e "

Phase differences of each ^ - on, as m Fig. 3A _{together with the} voltage E _{s of} a control equal-

is specified. The symbols E ₁₂ , E ₁₃ and E ₂₃ represent 5 voltage source 31 fed to a trigger circuit 32,

concatenated voltages. When switching from e ₃ then a rectangular pulse e _b with a rise

e _x to a voltage can with a phase difference corresponding to the time when the Steuerhalb-

n ..ij ι ^ <. cc · wave voltage e ″ as it progresses in the direction

of _T against the linked voltage E ₁₃ between _against ^ ^ ^ _{control equals} p _{annung Eg is} , _er !

see the phase voltage e ₃ io that has just been switched through, as shown in FIG. 5C. This rectangle

and the phase pulse e _{b to be switched} through subsequently is fed through a delay circuit 33

voltage e _t for comparison with the control DC _{voltage ^ the} ^ _{delay time of} - _{has) and}

can be used. The wave delayed by f _{is thus} ^ ^ _{ignition voltage} ^ _{{Fig5 D) with}

ih d i

_pg ^ _{{g )}

The shape of the line-to-line voltage E _1Q corresponds to that in FIG. ",,. ~ ,,, Π ...,

, - ,. _OD j. _1T . K ⁿ τ, ■ α -π ·· ι ^a phase difference corresponding - compared to the

Fig. 2B shown voltage e _a . In the example ^r 2 ^bb

of a chained voltage E ₁₃ , the voltage e. ₂ voltage e _b . This ignition voltage e _c can, from one

■ Du Aa ^π u ·· r u ü ' e + viewed from another point of view, as one

a phase difference of - = - with respect to E ₁ , on, ent- _π,. , ",. ^r,. . ,, '. ..

2 ^b is. Square wave can be considered, the rise of which is too

speaks to the respective instantaneous value of the anode 20 the point in time when a fictitious voltage e _d

voltage and in this case is suitable as a phase difference of £ compared to the

To serve voltage to generate the ignition signal. 2 ^bb

Likewise, the voltage e _{3 has} a phase difference of chained voltage e _a (the signal e _d is

VO ₀ I bezech der ve * e «e.en voltage E ₁ , ™, ^

is used as control AC voltage for switching ignition voltage e _c simultaneously to the control grid

used from O ₁ to e ₂ . The voltage e _{x also} has rectifiers 23 and 24 is only applied, respectively

if one of the rectifiers with an anode voltage higher than the line voltage E ₂₃

T ₁₁ . , -η π j. j. ur as its cathode voltage under the influence of the

Phase difference of ^ - and is called control change -. ,, ".. K. , ⁶ . . ,, .., "

2. 30 corresponding ignition pulses in the conductive feed

voltage to generate an ignition signal to the circumstance. .
switch from e ₂ to e ₃ according to FIG. 1. Accordingly, the input voltage e _{0 is used} . Choke coil 25 achieves the voltage shown in FIG. Since it is switched and a voltage with a phase 35 delay circuit 33 is a circuit with a delay difference of - ^: with respect to the line voltage delay time corresponding to ~ is used, the-

not, as in the previous case, can be built up directly from this circuit as an active circuit, for example in the form of a mono voltage of the alternating current source, a stable multivibrator,
nen voltages C ₁ , c ₂ and c ₃ by the in F i g. 3 B 40 F i g. 6 shows an embodiment of the second system shown in the figure, generated and used as a control alternation for the full-wave rectification of single-phase voltages for generating ignition signals using alternating current. This circuit corresponds to the one to be used. Single-phase midpoint circuit according to FIG. 4; An arrangement has been described so far, but no center tap is available. On the secondary side, four rectifiers 65, 66, 67, 68 connected to the phase relationships of the different phases are generated on the secondary side in a transfer of the alternating control voltages by means of a processor 64. In general, ie, so as to obtain full-wave rectification, in the case of polyphase (n-phase) alternating The two rectifiers 65 and 66 are controlled current, such as the rectifier indicated in FIG. 3C. On the output side is a choke list, the line-to-line voltage E _nt cannot be generated directly by the above 50 coil 69, a filter capacitor 71 and a load 70. It present. The DC control voltage is, however, possible, an AC control voltage e _ln , the phase conductors removed via rectifiers 72 and 73.

in addition to the line-to-line voltage E ₁ ″, compared by 55 voltage 76. A trigger circuit 77 as well as a delay whose rectifier is conductive (for example circuit 78 connected to the ignition signal with the word e ") or an anode alternating voltage, whose set delay is subsequently transmitted to the control grid of the rectifier, is connected to this comparator switching phase shift of an anode AC voltage in conductive state (examples rectifier 65 and 66 forwards. the effect of playing e _x) passes, ¹ each by the 60 example, this circuit corresponds to the reference to the w · if '1 ^π Fig. 4 circuit discussed, so that a

^{in e} ~ n ~ ". description of this is superfluous.

F i g. 4 shows an embodiment of the second er- For the rectification of six-phase alternating

finding. selstrom is an embodiment in Fig. 7 shown

FIG. 5 shows waveforms for explaining FIG. 65 shows. This arrangement consists of three two-phase modes of operation the embodiment according to FIG. 4. Star connections according to FIG. 4, each with its own

With the help of uncontrolled rectifiers 28 and a choke coil. In detail, the three branches are on

29 is a line voltage corresponding to the secondary sides of a common transformer

9 10

gate 80 coupled. Each branch contains two 125 compared. The switching controls required for this Rectifiers 81, 82 and 83, 84 and 85, 86 respectively. members are each in a grid control unit 119, The alternating control voltage is summarized via approximately 120 ... 124. Compared to the controlled rectifier 92, 93 or 94, 95 or 96, 97 circuit according to Fig. 1 is the number of Schaltvorsowie a resistor 98, 99 or 100 taken during a full period of the input menu and with a DC control voltage 107, the voltage is twice as large. In detail they are chen. In this way, a trigger circuit 101, 103 each generates ignition signals for rectifiers 110, 111 and 112 or 105 switched, to each of which a delay the same as the ignition signals of the rectifier 2, circle 102, 104 or 106 is assigned. The delay 3 and 4 in Fig. 1. The phases of the ignition signals for Circulation circuit supplies the ignition pulses for the io the rectifiers 113, 114 and 115 are accordingly Rectifier of the relevant two-phase star switch, so that one has a full-wave rectification tang. Each branch is received via a choke coil 87, 88. The mode of operation of the circuit according to FIG. 8 or 89 is connected to a smoothing capacitor 91 without detailed explanation with reference the. At the output of the circuit there is a load 90 on FIG. 1 understandable. In Fig. 8 are the individual coupled. 15 grid control circuits only in the form of a block

F i g. 8 shows a further embodiment of the circuit shown.

first invention for the full-wave rectification of If in each of the above embodiments three-phase alternating current (three-phase bridge circuit- the control direct voltage is variable, the tang). This embodiment corresponds to the switching output voltage .E ₀ within a predetermined tang according to FIG. 1, with only the number of grid areas, a desired voltage-controlled rectifier and the number of ignition being set (FIGS. 6, 7 and 8).
signal generator is twice as large. It has hitherto been assumed that all Drosformator 109 are each grid-controlled rectifier. Soil coils are connected to the grid-controlled rectifiers 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 and 115 for two-way and the output voltage or rectification of the respective phase voltages is decoupled and the output current is decoupled via these choke coils. The output voltage is taken over. Analogously to the usual rectifier choke coil 116 and a smoothing capacitor technology, however, each of these choke coils, except for 118, can be fed to a load 117. Of the various in the embodiment according to FIG. 7, with the positive phase lines, alternating control voltages or negative electrodes of the smoothing condensers are removed and connected to a DC control voltage generator.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (2)

1 .. '■ 2 ■ voltage (Es) is that the square pulse (eb) claims: then to the delay circuit (33; 102, 104, 106) is given, which has a fixed delay 1. Three-phase rectifier arrangement with in . ^ Π,. . ,,, Aii * j
Star-connected secondary windings of a 5 ^{time of} T ^{and after its expiry the} input transformer, with grid-controlled ignition signal (e _c ) generated on the leading edge of the delay rectifier on the anode side to the square-wave pulse from the star point, and that furthermore remote ends of the secondary windings on- in A choke coil (25; 87, closed and on the cathode side one below the other 88, 89) is connected in series with the load (FIG. 4, 7). How about the load and a connected in series with it ίο 3. Modification of the rectifier arrangement switched choke coil with the star point according to claim 2, characterized in that are bound, further-the grid-controlled when using a secondary winding without rectifiers each have a grid control unit This center tap is artificially arranged by the connection, by means of which a control point common to all grid control points of a shunt branch is created, contains units common control voltage of one of the two oppositely arranged in series in a fixed phase and amplitude relationship to the controlled rectifier (67, 68), that the anode AC voltage of the associated DC is superimposed both with the uncontrolled DC voltage serving to draw the control half-wave converter, characterized in that it is rectified (72, 73) and also with the controlled rectifiers that are used for stabilization when the load circuit is closed ( 65, 66) each form a bridge circuit of the rectified output voltage circuit (F i g. 6).
each depending on fluctuations in the feeding, approximately sinusoidal alternating voltage Grid control unit one every one second has the transverse branch lying on the winding, the 25
from the series connection of an ohmic resistor (8, 9, 10), one to the grid-controlled The invention is based on a three-phase rectifier (2, 3, 4) oppositely polarized un- rectifier arrangement with star-connected seg-controlled rectifiers (11, 12 13 ) and a secondary winding of an input transformer, where the control DC voltage supplying the control DC voltage exists on the anode side of the voltage source (14) in the case of grid-controlled rectifiers, with the resistor ends facing away from the star point of the secondary stand (8, 9, 10) connected to the unwound from the star point and on the cathode side, the ends of the respective secondary winding facing each other and via the load and a choke coil connected in series with it and the control DC voltage source (14) are connected to the neutral point and the voltage 35 are connected, with the grid-controlled (e _a ) at the connection point between resistance rectifiers a grid control unit admit, 9, 10) and uncontrolled rectifier (11, is arranged, by means of which one of all grid control units 12, 13) via a differentiating element (capacitor means common control DC voltage one in 15, 16, 17 and resistor 18, 19, 20) in the himself. fixed phase and amplitude relationship to the AC voltage of the associated rectifier grid circuit of that rectifier (2, 3, 4), which is connected via the load (6) and choke coil (5), is superimposed,
whose anode alternating voltage (e _v Such a rectifier arrangement is preceded by the e ₂ , e ₃ ) of the voltage on the shunt arm (e ₂ , book by Kretzmann, »Handbook of indu- e _v e _t ) in the phase sequence (F i g. 1). Strielle Electronics ", 1954, pp. 244 to 246, known. 2. Rectifier arrangement with in-phase 45 The known arrangement operates as a motor control center point circuit switched secondary winding device with armature and field control. The lattice lungs an input transformer, with control being carried out by means of a conventional vertical grid-controlled one Rectifiers in the external control, in which the AC control voltage are located around branches of the midpoint circuit and the 90 ° el. Rectifiers with respect to the anode AC voltage a midpoint circuit a 50 is hesitant. The AC control voltage is there from Grid control unit is assigned by an additional, star-connected secondary winding the mid-point connection is supplied via uncontrolled lungs of the input transformer. the The half-wave rectified output voltage taken from the rectifier is sensitive voltage 'is applied and after a delay in relation to fluctuations in the feeding alternation ignition voltage by means of a delay circuit, because the AC voltage signals rise outputs for the associated rectifier, the ignition timing is brought forward and thereby characterized in that when closed with an additional increase in the voltage load circuit to stabilize the rectified time area occurs. Output voltage irrespective of fluctuations object of the invention is the stabilization of the gene of the supplying approximately sinusoidal 60 DC output voltage to variations of the alternating voltage in the grid control unit a supply voltage having a very low sound trigger circuit (32; 101, 103, 105) is provided, tungsaüfwand. which the control _{half-wave voltage (e ß} ) together According to the invention it is proposed that at with the voltage (E _s ) of a control DC-closed load circuit to stabilize the DC voltage source (31; 107) is supplied and 65 directional output voltage regardless of a square pulse (e _b ) is generated when the fluctuations of the feeding, approximately sinusoidal Control half-wave voltage (e _a ) in its course moderate alternating voltage each grid control unit in the direction towards zero equals the control equation - one lying on a secondary winding in each case