DE1254364B - Process for generating a gas mixture with a high heat content for melting and / or refining metals and burners to carry out the process - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

C22b

German KL: 40 a -9/06

Number: 1254 364

File number: S 97347 VI a / 40 a

Filing date: May 28, 1965

Opened on: November 16, 1967

The invention relates to methods for generating gas mixtures with a high heat content, in particular for melting metals and / or for refining them, as well as burners for implementation of the procedure.

It is known when melting and refining metals by means of burners over or towards the treated metals oxidizing gases or gas mixtures with the highest achievable temperatures to blow. The efficiency achieved here depends on the level of the temperature and the Extent of heat dissipation to the metals to be melted or refined.

To increase the efficiency of such burners has been proposed, in this case very strongly using oxidizing oxygen carriers, even pure oxygen. One has the same purpose also proposed to use a burner in which the oxidizer and the fuel are mixed with each other outside the burner (so-called fuel-oxygen burner), a liquid fuel in the presence of pure oxygen through the oxygen carrier in front of the burner is atomized. With such burners can easily temperatures of the order of magnitude of 2500 ° C with a heat throughput per burner, which is the amount of 10 000 000 calories per hour significantly exceeds, in particular because the exit velocities of the Oxygen carriers can be in the order of magnitude of twice the speed of sound.

However, it proves to be difficult to determine the temperature of such a gas or gas mixture that consists of conventional fuels produced at cheap prime costs, still increase significantly if only chemical reactions with an exothermic character are used for this purpose, because in in this case the specific properties of such reactions set limits to this endeavor, namely their heat balance, decomposition (dissociation) phenomena, etc. For this reason must other ways and means are found to achieve the desired or required heat throughput to achieve at high temperatures.

The invention is based on the object of finding such new ways and means and a method create a significant increase in the temperature and velocity of the gas or gas mixtures and thus a correspondingly improved heat transfer to the to be melted and / or to be freshened metals by contact of these gases or gas mixtures with the metals.

Process for generating a gas mixture with a high heat content for melting and / or
for refining metals and burners for
Implementation of the procedure

Applicant:

Societe Anonyme Cockerill-Ougree, Seraing;
Center National de Recherches Metallurgiques,
Association sans but lucratif, Brussels (Belgium)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. Stehmann

and Dipl.-Phys. Dr. K. Schweinzer,

Patent Attorneys, Nuremberg 2, Essenweinstr. 4-6

Named as inventor:
Jean Levaux, Liège;
Etienne Denis, Grivegnee (Belgium)

Claimed priority:

Luxembourg of May 30, 1964 (46 203),

dated December 28, 1964 (47 678) -

In a process for the production of mixtures with a high heat content for melting and / or for refining metals, according to the invention, the temperature or the heat content is the Flame generated by a fuel-oxygen burner by means of an electric arc and / or increased by electromagnetic means.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention Process is a fuel-oxygen burner with a device with at least equipped with two electrodes between which an electric arc can be generated, and the fuel jet is oriented in such a way that it ionizes the one produced by the electric arc Area penetrated, while the beam from the oxygen carrier so strongly enriched with oxygen is aligned so that it is with the fuel jet in an immediately prior to being through the arc ionized area lying zone meets.

This procedure according to the invention avoids that the high speed having Beam of the oxygen carrier passes through the electric arc so that each disturbing influence on the homogeneity of the atomization avoided, but at the same time the energy level the burning gases is increased significantly.

709 688/341

i 254 364

3 4

According to the invention, the final electrical temperature of the combustion gases can be increased.

Arc-induced ionization of the fuel Another advantage of this inventive method

can be increased by the fact that for this purpose an inter-driving method results from the fact that here the

middle arc is used, the speed given to the gases is still considerable.

preferably by multiphase alternating current, in particular 5 borrowed is increased, since under the influence of a higher

which is generated by Drehsirom, and that the temperature these expand further. aside from that

Fuel jet is aligned such that its brings this embodiment of the invention

Axis within a process formed by the arc has the further advantage that the

deten polygons runs. Areas of highest temperature in appropriate

In a further embodiment of the invention the distance from the burner mouth occurs what the

According to the method, the axes of the service life of the burner or burner head are still

Fuel jets and the axes of the oxygen- increased considerably.

carrier aligned so that both through the interior In a further advantageous embodiment

the by the multiphase alternating current of the method according to the invention shows the by

generated arc formed polygons run, 15 generated the gas or the gas mixture through it

such that the fuel jets in the by the electrical discharge with respect to that from the

Arc ionized zone run while the burner exiting flame axis is radial symmetry

Oxygen carriers irradiate this ionized area, eliminating any unfavorable deflection of the ions

not enforce. This according to the invention, advantageously avoided under the influence of the electric field

Adherent procedure enables increased chocolate.

voltage of the electrodes; If you namely the EIek it is particularly advantageous to ionize the current

troden sufficiently close to the burner head, gas (the plasma) occurs during the combustion

where the fuel burns only to a small extent, a radially narrowly limited space must be restricted,

also only a small part of the fuel dissociates, preferably immediately before the hottest zone of the

d. i.e., most of the endothermic dissociation 35 flame, the longitudinal profile of this being narrowly defined

must still take place; therefore at this point the room is chosen so that the plasma one

Temperature still relatively low. greatest possible longitudinal extension is awarded. There-

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fuel-oxygen mixture of the method according to the invention is given a maximum oxygen carrier beam between the carrier before its ignition and ionization and the electrodes are given a speed of 30 times. According to the invention, insulating shielding arranged, this is preferably achieved particularly advantageously in that where the electrodes are closest to this oxygen carrier beam, the plasma of an electromagnetic field len, advantageously including that which is neutral or reactive to the ions of the plasma electrodes Gas is directed towards the center with respect to which it flows around, so that its protection against the flame axis has a centripetal effect. This is further increased to the oxygen. In this case, in the embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous that the fuel jet of the burner allows a mixture of fuel and oxygen-oxygen burner to pass through the zone ionized by the electrical arc at a considerably higher temperature than the theoretical combustion temperature ren and the ionized, through the combustion of 40, and at the same time the speed of the fuel by the oxygen carrier formed combustion gases to increase considerably.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the flame is guided through a sleeve, which is preferably arranged at the point where the flame shape of the method according to the invention begins to concentrate, in order to give the flame the specific amount of water either in liquid form desired orientation to lend and at the same time or in the form of vapor, be it in the fuel, to increase the speed of the gases at the same time. in the oxygen carrier or in the flame, this sleeve is advantageously cooled and with which the water surrounds itself in oxygen and hydrogen in a current winding, in which it is electro-dissociated; These two gases are ionized in the electric magnetic field, a centripetal, towards the middle field, and when they come into contact they recombine to produce a directed effect on the ions of the flame 50 with the metals on which they are inflated. exothermic. Since this recombination is very exo-

If the atomization of the combustion thermometer is homogeneous, this enables particularly advantageous

material be good, without this form of procedure, which is particularly too sticky, through direct contact

needs to be, it is according to the invention especially with the to be melted and / or freshened

advantageous, the fuel jet through the 55 material this in a particularly effective way

electric arc ionized zone precisely where to supply additional heat.

It is particularly advantageous to put the water in front of it

material carrier meets the fuel, i.e. ionization a slag-forming, finely pulverized

where the combustion process to develop th substance, z. B. lime to add. This substance can

begins. 60 but also the oxygen or the fuel

Those that develop during combustion are added. This increases the efficiency Combustion gases are experienced twice during the fresh process of the insert and / or one at the same time Temperature increase, the first of which is considerable due to the early melting of the batch exothermic chemical reactions of combustion increased and improved.

65 According to the invention, this can bring about the discharge.

acts, while the second electric field kende through the ionization is steady, variable at will

comes about, whereby heat losses through or also be an alternating field, in each case accordingly

Convection can be reduced and consequently also meet the special needs. Particularly beneficial

5 6

it is in the process of using a pulsating field, which in a slightly modified advantageous prospect the superposition of a continuous composting form of the burner according to the invention becomes component and a variable component or a liquid or gaseous fuel outside an alternating current component of a suitable frequency of the burner body combined with the oxygen carrier. 5 mixes, and two electrodes (or electrodes - is advantageous according to a further embodiment group) are arranged so that the through the Rungsform of the procedure described last between the electrodes overlapping electridas the plasma enclosing electromagnetic see both arc-generated ionization zone or magnetic field in the axial direction changeable the oxygen carrier as well as the fuel in the or pulsating, just like in the vicinity of the point at which the combustion begins, interspersed with the electric field and expediently synchronously. The electrodes are advantageous to this; in this way, the one to be melted is arranged in such a way that the and / or the material to be freshly impacted by the gas standing electric field radially symmetrical with respect to it beam is given a pulsation (discontinuity), and is formed on the flame ash. this has a particular effect on the material 15 exerted pressure, which is a further improvement- the type of burner described last is also a tion or acceleration of the melting process is provided that allows the current ioni- or the splitting of this material with the gas with the help of an electric field, to tie up.

According to the invention, by careful testing, the

division of the intensity of the electromagnetic field generator for the required electrical energy and /

with respect to the flame axis and careful field or device for limiting the beam

distribution along the flame to the gas jet or the ionized gas a variable or even

the plasma can be given a shape, the pulsating voltage or such an electromagnetic

successively compressed and thinned table field.

has sections that have a total of a number of parts. The following are based on the drawings

speed, which depends on the nature and other characteristics and advantages of the

Speed with which the electromagnetic method according to the invention and the invention

Field moves along the axis of the flame. appropriate burner to carry out the process

The invention not only relates to a method for 30 rens, for example and without restrictive significance

Generation of gas mixtures with high heat is explained. It shows

content for melting and / or freshening F i g. 1 shows a cross section through an execution metal, but also burner arrangements for example a burner head of a bushing according to the invention this procedure. ßen burner for carrying out the

In a first advantageous embodiment, the method

game of such a burner consists of a fi g. 2 shows a partial view of a burner head according to FIG

Torch body in which channels for feeding the F i g. 1,

Fuel and the oxygen carrier arranged F i g. 3 a cross-section through another appearance, the one with nozzles in the end face of the burner guide example of a burner head according to the invention are connected, furthermore from at least two 40 heads,

in front of the burner head outside arranged electrical F i g. 4 shows a partial view of a burner head according to FIG

to generate an electric arc; F i g. 3,

the arrangement is such that the fuel F i g. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further waste supply line at the fuel outlet such an exemplary embodiment of a burner according to the invention is oriented is that the fuel through the 45 head,

an electric arc ionized area F i g. 6 schematically and partially in section

(the ionization zone) passes, while the embodiment of a burner according to the invention

Axes of the nozzles for blowing out the oxygenator;

carrier are aligned so that the oxygen F i g. 7 shows a cross section through part of a carrier with the fuel in an area (zone) so burner according to the invention and meets, which is immediately before the F i g. 8 schematically and not to scale one down the electrical arc ionized zone is part of a torch according to the invention, head.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention in the FIG. 1 and 2 illustrated embodiments Burner are three electrodes 55 exemplary embodiment of a burner according to the invention arranges, and the axes of the fuel nozzles, the burner consists of an outer burner running inside a triangle formed by a casing 8 with an inner transverse wall 5, the Arc generated by means of three-phase current is formed to pass through a line 2. Advantageously, the arrangement is so guided liquid fuel 3 hit a central opening, that the axes of the oxygen carrier nozzles 60 points. In this embodiment, a also within the three-phase light group of three electrodes 1 to 11 with three-phase current curved triangle. provided; this group of electrodes 1 is against In a further advantageous embodiment, the axis of the fuel jet 3 in the direction of game of the burner according to the invention this is inclined to the fuel outlet. The three ends of the except with the electrodes with one with coolants 65 electrodes 1 form the three corners of a triangle, equipped guide sleeve provided; this sleeve that the jet of liquid fuel 3 umist substantially coaxial (equiaxed) to the closes; the ends of the electrodes 1 are under one-flame arranged. so close to each other that between the individual electrical

7 8

can skip the electric arc and the fuel can pass the electrode 514 through ca

a "rotating" arc is formed. exit 521 in the electrode tip. At the exit

The transverse wall 5 is provided with a conical separation of the channels 521, the fuel through the

mung 12, which is carried along with the transverse oxygen and in the area of zone 522,

wall forms a semi-closed space 13, the 5 in which an arc 523 between a part

encloses the electrodes 1 and at the same time three of a ring electrode 524 and the one on the axis

Supply lines 6 for the supply of the oxygen carrier ser ring electrode arranged electrode 514 from-

forms for connection with the adjacent fuel, atomized. The electrode 524 is through a

separates from these electrodes 1, in such a way that with 525 indicated water circulation is cooled and

the shield 12 is neither with an electrode 1 io nor is the electrode 514 with a (not

still comes into contact with an arc. shown) DC voltage source connected. the

The semi-enclosed space 13 is re-ionized by a section 523 of the arc

neutral or inert gas (in the drawings mixture of fuel with oxygen, see above

not designated) filled out, which with a slight penetration that a flame plasma 526 from this mixture

set is supplied and the electrodes 1 15 are also created,

protects against the corrosive effects of oxygen. The ring electrode 524 is with respect to the axis

The openings of the oxygen carrier nozzles 6 are displaceable 511; so can the position of the light as from Fig. 2, between the electric arcs 523 in relation to the point at which the Verden 1, on which bisection of combustion begins, can be set or regulated, of the angle formed between them. Before the 20 In the case of the in F i g. 6 schematically illustrated outlet outlet of the burner is a sleeve 7 exemplary embodiment of a burner according to the invention arranges that for guiding the burner flame on her, the burner body is designated by 61; from this Origin serves. there is an electrode 62 axially on the burner head

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, which protrudes into an opening 63 in a second, annular shape of the burner according to the invention, the liquid electrode 64 protrudes. This sige fuel is fed through a line 2; the ring electrode 64 is generated by a cooling water circuit with the fuel jet is denoted by 3, run 65, 66 cooled, which is cooled by the burner body 61 with the oxygen through openings 6, which are held by means of insulating tabs 67. At 68, the outlet opening for the fuel 2 is fed around an electrode 64 via a feed line 69 from a. The electrodes 1, 30 generator 610 supplied with voltage. The axially between which arcs 4 skip, are arranged electrode 62 forms with the torch body 8 through an insulating plate 5 with a piece 61 and is supplied with three-phase current via a line 611. connected to generator 610.

From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the openings 6 The burner body 61 is shaped like a cooling water are aligned so that their axes are cooled within the circulatory system, its flow with 613 and therefore the triangle formed by the arc 4 sen return is denoted by 614; Forward and run, but do not cut this arc 4. The return line is made of rubber. The oxygen supply

In the case of the one shown in FIG. 5 device 615 shown in longitudinal section is by means of an insulating washer 616 between Embodiment of a burner flanges or plates 617 and 618 according to the invention from the burner head this burner has an outer jacket 40 insulated body 61; this makes line 621 equal to -51 on, which has an opening at 52 in which a cylinder is electrically connected to the oxygen supply 615 drical body 53 arranged and coaxial with the isolated.

Torch is welded on. At 54 this is a modification of a burner according to the invention

cylindrical body 53 has a tube 55 inside it is shown in FIG. 7 shown in the same parts with

welded on the burner jacket, through which the same reference numerals as in FIG. 6 are designated.

Oxygen supply to the burner takes place. The between the supply line for the combustion

between the tube 55 and the burner shroud 51 fabric 622 and an extension attached thereto

existing space 56 is used for circulation 623, which penetrates the interior of the burner body 61,

of cooling water, which is also electrically insulated at the end of the burner, similar to that in

Pipes 57 is fed. 50 Fig. 6 shown, arranged, the insulating

The body 53 has a plurality of bores 58 which are formed in disk 616 between plates or flanges 617 a part 59 run out, whose axis 510 against the and 618 the fuel supply line 622 from the burner axis 511 of the burner is too inclined. Insulated on the end body 61 and plates and insulating washer Area 512 of the body 53 is at 513 by means of a continuous, by means of insulating sleeves wind an electrode 514 (e.g. made of platinum) attached. 55 619 from the flanges or plates 617, 618 ge-these Electrode 514 has an inner, hollowed out separate screw bolt with nuts 620 together 515, in which a coolant circulates, namely to be held.

liquid fuel (heating oil). This heating oil is Fig. 8 shows a slightly modified execution

fed to the burner head through a line 516, approximate form of a burner according to the invention

which is firmly connected at 517 to the body 53, 60 Fig. 6, in which the electrode 62 of the burner

for this purpose with a right-angled drilling diagonally opposite the longitudinal axis of the burner 61

tion 518 is equipped, one end 519 of which protrudes. This is also where the fuel jets run

Center of the end face 512 encloses. This end 625 and the oxygen carrier beams 626 obliquely to

519 has a threaded connector 520 on which the longitudinal axis of the Elek burner.

trode 514 with its threaded part 65 The invention is not limited to the described embodiments

513 is screwed on in such a way that the end 519 guides the method according to the invention,

the right-angled bore 518 axially with the inner- not shown and described

Ren cavity 515 in electrode 514 is aligned. Embodiments of the inventive fuel

Claims (12)

ners limited. All sub-combinations also fall within the scope of the invention. So it is z. B. possible to carry out separate ionization of the substances blown onto the metal to be melted and / or freshly freshened and a union of the same in the ionized state. However, only some of these substances can be ionized. Various possible oxygen carriers as well as the fuel or all other substances or mixtures of solids, liquid substances or gaseous substances which are applied to the metals to be treated come into consideration for such an ionization. Patent claims: 1. Method for increasing the temperature of a flame of a fuel-oxygen burner, characterized in that on the jet of liquid fuel before its combustion through the oxygen carrier one or *> several electric arcs and / or electromagnetic Forces act. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fuel-oxygen burner Maintain one or more electric arcs between at least two electrodes be that the fuel jet exiting the burner is directed to pass through one or more electric arc passes through ionized area, while the beam is preferably one highly oxygenated oxygen carrier leaving the burner aligned in this way is that he is with the fuel jet in a zone immediately in front of the by one or multiple electric arc ionized area meets. 3. The method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that with the electrical Arc is formed in the shape of an arc polygon and the fuel jets inside be sent through this polygon. 4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an insulating shield between the oxygen carrier rays and the electrodes is arranged and the electrodes are surrounded by a neutral or inert protective gas will. 5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fuel jet accurately identifies the zone ionized by one or more electric arcs interspersed at the point at which the oxygen carrier jet hits the fuel, namely on Origin of the combustion from which it develops. 6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the burner flame is penetrated by an electromagnetic field and this field affects the inside of the Flame as it passes through one or more electric arcs ionized area, ions generated have a centered effect. 7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a predetermined amount of water in liquid form or vapor form the oxygen carrier or is fed to the fuel or the flame. 8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one or more electric arcs and / or the electromagnetic field pulsate or Are alternating fields. 9. Burner for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it consists of a burner body in which supply lines for fuel and oxygen carriers are arranged, which are connected to nozzles arranged in the end face of the burner head are that further at least two electrodes outside the burner and in front of the burner head are arranged between which one or more electric arcs are maintained are aligned so that the outlet openings of the fuel supply lines are that the fuel in the ionized area by the electric arc or arcs is brought while the outlet openings for the oxygen carrier are aligned in such a way that the oxidizer meets the fuel in a zone that is immediately before this area is ionized by the electric arc or arcs. 10. Burner for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a supply line for fuel and a supply line are provided for oxygen carriers, which are arranged such that the oxygen carrier and the fuel mix before the actual burner body, that further two Electrodes or groups of electrodes are arranged on the burner that the through the or the electric arc jumping between the electrodes ionized area crosses the oxidizer and the fuel near the origin of the combustion and that an electrical generator to supply the electrodes with the necessary voltage is provided. 11. Burner according to claim 9 and / or 10, characterized in that one for guiding the flame serving sleeve is arranged, furthermore a device for generating an electromagnetic Field which exerts a centripetal force directed towards the center on the ions in the Flame exerts, as well as a device for cooling the sleeve and a generator for generating an electromagnetic field. 12. Burner according to one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that that the electrodes are arranged radially symmetrical to one another and with respect to the flame axis are. Considered publications:
Umschau, 1961, pp. 713/714 and 742/743. 1 sheet of drawings 709 688/341 11.67 O Bundesdruckerei Berlin