DE1221541B - Complementary feed to increase the growth rate and feed effectiveness in animals - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

A23k

German Ki .: 53 g - 4/04

Number: 1221541

File number: U 8768 IV a / 53;

Filing date: March 7, 1962

Opening day: July 21, 1966

The invention has a new feed supplement for suppressing the activity of urease in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal to the subject, especially during a prolonged growth period of a Animal to increase the speed of growth and feeding efficiency.

The enzyme urease is practically always present in the intestinal tract of animals, where it is present continuously produced by several types of intestinal bacteria. As the name suggests, it causes urease the breakdown of urea in the intestinal canal into ammonia and carbon dioxide; this effect, which apparently gave the bacteria no particular advantage, for a long time it was also considered indifferent to the host animal viewed.

Recently, however, the inventor has shown in experiments that while suppressing urease activity in the intestinal canal, the growth rate and feed efficiency are noticeably increased in animals; the inventor's earlier attempts with regard to this effect are given in a summary, those in the March 1960 issue of Federation Proceedings of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Vol. 19, No. 1, Part I, and in the November 1960 issue of Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 105, pp. 164-167. Later experiments by the inventor, including experiments on chicks, have the results of the earlier ones Attempts hardened.

In the experiments above, the activity of urease in the intestinal canal by subcutaneous injection of small amounts of purified urease, which comes from jackbeans, suppressed for an extended period of time (jackbean is one in America occurring bush-like, tropical plant of the species Canavalia, especially Canavalia ensiformis); there Urease is an antigen that is not normally present in the blood, its injection causes that the injected animal's system produces antiurease, which in turn increases the activity suppresses urease in the intestinal canal. If this process is carried out often enough, it results this results in an improvement in growth speed and feed efficiency, which, as is believed, is based on the fact that ammonia is no longer or at least in very reduced amounts is formed in the intestinal canal. If the urease activity is not suppressed, considerable amounts will diffuse Ammonia through the intestinal walls into the blood, from which the ammonia is extracted by the liver which it is re-synthesized back to urea.

Complementary feed to increase the growth rate and feed efficiency in animals

Applicant:

United States Atomic Energy Commission,
Germantown, Md. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. W. Abitz, patent attorney,
Munich 27, Pienzenauer Str. 28

Named as inventor:

Willard James Visek, Chicago, JU. (V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America March 10, 1961 (94 948)

It is perhaps questionable whether this is generally disadvantageous or not; however there is no doubt that the process of resynthesis requires energy; the energy savings by suppressing the formation of ammonia may very well be the reason for the favorable growth rate results and the feed efficiency. Probably this explanation is correct, however like it also give another explanation; In any case, the invention is based on the empirical findings, which have been obtained through actual experiments.

With the method of suppressing urease activity by subcutaneous urease injections are inherently linked some fairly significant disadvantages. Urease is a specific antigen, opposite to which individual animals can be highly sensitive. Even if it doesn't matter, it can at least because of the necessary laboratory

+5 require repeated injections on large numbers of animals, such as chicks, the method may be economically impractical.

The invention relates to a supplementary feed for increasing the growth rate and feed effectiveness in animals containing urea derivatives.

The feed according to the invention is the

Urease activity in the intestinal tract of an animal in host

609 590/133

3 4

socially suppressed, namely this feed effectiveness in animals is the suppressive

with a large number of growing animals, remedies in small quantities during a period of

without subcutaneous injections being administered to the animals. An economic one

must make. and preferred embodiment is that

It has now been found that the urease activity in the 5 to the urease activity suppressing agent intestinal tract of an animal by ^{administering:} interferes repeated directly into the animal feed in amounts which small quantities of certain cyclic through diacyl for suppressing the urease activity in the stomach radicals substituted urea compounds having the intestinal canal are effective.

Urease activity suppressing properties while 0.001 mol of suppressant per KiIo-

rend is suppressed for a longer period of time. 10 grams of feed is about the smallest amount

Not all cyclic ones substituted by diacyl radicals can be administered and still an essential one

Urea compounds ensured the urease activity, suppressed urease activity,

suppressive properties; However, the dosage is in the millimolar range to about

The number of such compounds has increased such 0.005 moles so all are suppressive

Properties, including alloxan (2,4,5,6-tetra- 15 means fairly effective. Will of the centimolar

oxohexahydropyrimidine), murexide (acidic ammonium dosage range reached, for example if one

purpurate) and barbituric acid (2,4,6-trioxohexahydro- 0.01 mole of suppressive agent to each

pyrimidine). Kilograms of feed are added, the under-

The feed according to the invention to increase the activity even greater, although at This dosage of murexide has some adverse effects on the growth rate and feed efficiency Animals containing urea derivatives are identified, but not to a critical extent by a content of cyclic, by causes. The other suppressive agents seem Diacyl radicals substituted ureas with the urease to be harmless at this dosage. However activity-suppressing properties, in particular the aforementioned adverse effects force of alloxan, murexide and / or barbituric acid, in men- 25 that if the dosage is increased by the centimolar gen of at least 0.001 to about 0.01 moles of the range of caution and no other active ingredient per kilogram of feed. increases as soon as adverse effects

There are already feedstuffs known that can be perceived as substitution.

or condensation products of urea. For chicks, 0.01 mol of alloxane is preferred,

hold, e.g. B. also aliphatic ureal, but the 30 barbituric acid or murexide for each kilogram

no cyclic feeds substituted by diacyl residues are used, starting with the birth of the animals,

Are ureas. Also using hydantoin until its growth has reached the desired level.

a cyclic urea, as feed and the administration of alloxan, barbituric acid or murexide

the use of by autocondensation of in the feed in the preferred amount produces one

Urea resulting products, including cyanuric acid, 35 decrease in Ureasereaktivität in chicks of 80 ° / ₀

Ammelide and ammeline, as Beifuttermittel is worked or more throughout the small intestine and up to 65 ° / ₀ in the

wrote, but these also contain no diacyl intestinal canal, as can be seen in more detail in the following examples

leftovers. All of these remedies are supposed to be seen as a substitute for the protein.
in feed and must be used accordingly

are added to feed in large quantities. 4 »Example

In contrast, the active ingredients of the supplementary feed according to the invention are only used in very small amounts. B. housed in chicks up and fed and received anderzu 65 ° / ₀ is the entire intestinal tract. 45 far the same environmental conditions as theirs

Certain cyclic births, substituted by acyl radicals, up to slaughter on the 28th day. The ureas have hypnotic properties; the control group will not have urease activity and a non-hypnotic depressant will be administered accordingly. The other three binding, which urease activity suppressing groups get 0.01 mole suppressant properties, select or at least 50 per kilogram of feed. The suppressive agent is a compound whose hypnotic properties are so weak for one group as alloxan, for the second group, that there is no detrimental side-barbituric acid and for the third group murexide. Results. If the urease After slaughter you are want to suppress the intestines of chicks to the chemical composition separated into O, 85 ° / _O aqueous NaCl solution mazesetzung of blood for test purposes to simplify riert 55th The suspensions are each put in a separate container, so certain suppressive agents are to be preferred over closed vessels, and urease is definitely preferable to others; for example, alloxan, activity in that one has the macerated suspension which has a relatively simple molecular structure with a measured amount of urea in one, is preferable in most cases. Murexide, dibasic sodium phosphate buffer. The ammonia formed in this way, whose molecule has a larger number of functional 60, is transferred to a second group which is combined with the others in the experiment. Vessel which contains sulfuric acid. The ammonia used reagents could react, is also usable in the gases is absorbed by the sulfuric acid. Mixtures of such nitrogen and nitrogen as ammonia by the usual oppressive means can in some cases be determined by the Kjeldahl method. The results of this will be applied. 65 experiments are shown in Table I below.

As noted above, in order to be effective, sub- sequent must be; a unit of "activity" is as that

reduction of urease activity for the purpose of the amount of urease that is required

improvement of the growth rate and that of the action on a urea substrate in one

Sodium phosphate buffer to generate 1 mg of ammonia ^{nitrogen at 2O 0 C and neutral pH.} The third column from the left shows the urease activity in such units per gram of dry weight of the macerated intestines, the right column shows the percentage of inhibition compared with the control group, which did not receive an agent suppressing the urease activity.

Table I.

Chick group number
the
chick Activity
units
per gram
Dry
weight inhibition
° / o Control group
average
Alloxan s
average 1
2
3
4th
5
6th
7th
8th
9
10 7.90
12.00
10.45
7.46
22.04
11.97
4.69
3.67
9.32
5.86
10.99
6.91 42.2

Table I (continued) number
the Activity inhibition chick units
per gram Chick group Dry % 5 11 weight 12th 9.34 13th 4.03 14th 8.73 ao Barbituric acid { 15th 7.85 5.65 40.5 16 7.12 average 17th 3.30 15th 18th 4.02 19th 5 47 Murexide i 20th 3.63 4.45 65.0 4.17 20th average

Example 2

Four groups of similar male chicks (each group of six chicks but one group with seven chicks) are treated in the same way as the chicks in Example 1, with the modification that after slaughter the small intestines are separated from the large intestines, placed in separate vessels and their urease activity separated is determined. The results of this experiment are in the table! listed.

Table II

number Activity units in grams Moist base Colon Moist base diet UCI JVUK.CX1 Small intestine 1.91 Dry basis 7.14 1 Dry basis 2.02 2.15 3.08 2 2.88 1.83
2.53 1.74 3.24
3.41 3
4th 2.44 2.44 2.67
1.96 5.17 Barbituric acid. s 5 3.35
3.41 3.05 2.99 4.50 6th 2.82 2.30 3.68 4.42 4.72 2.38 2.53 5.20 7th 3.27 2.70 1.92 2.78 average 8th 3.02 2.47 2.49 3.84 9 2.90 2.91 2.11 5.67 10 2.75 3.39 2.40 5.15 11 2.53 1.71 MJ ■ \ S
2.50 3.26 Murexide < 12th · * '»*' * '
3.29 2.71 2.81 6.21 13th 2.74 2.61 2.69 4.59 2.78 16.50 2.42 4.89 14th 2.86 11.86 9
3.44 4.71 average 15th 20.96 26.62
29.54 4.40 4.87
3.93 16
17th 12.95 3.01 2.76
2.54 4.70 18th 46.73
34.61 2.03 2.18 5.34 Control group · 19th 2.94 14.93 2.48 4.74 3.12 1.85 2.97 4.74 20th 20.22 2.43 4.04 5.55 21 3.56 2.69 2.88 6.33
C OT average 22nd 3.06 2.61 2.78 6.87 23 2.75 2.97 2.61 4.97 24 2.85 4.93 2.92 7.57 Alloxan s 25th 3.19 2.91 3.78 6.00 6.29 3.17 3.62 average

7th number of 1 221 541
Table II (continued) Together
Inhibition ir
Dry basis position of manuf
η small intestine
Moist base 8th rmen
ι large intestine
Moist base diet 6th
6th
6th
7th chick 82.09
83.82
85.85 80.50
84.59
82.51 umungin chickendä
Inhibition in
Dry basis Control group. 14.81
18.51 Alloxan. 6.78
3.16 Barbituric acid Murexide

The above Table I shows that the percentage of inhibition of the urease activity in the small intestine is rather large, namely the percentage of inhibition caused by barbituric acid is 83.82%, by murexide 85.85 ° / ₀ and by alloxan 82.09 ⁰ / ₀ . These values result from the values on a "dry basis". Of course there is no such decrease in the values for the large intestines; but since the wall area of the small intestines is much larger than the wall area of the large intestines, it appears desirable that the suppression of activity take place in the small intestines in order to prevent the diffusion of ammonia through the intestinal walls.

Claims (1)

Claim: Complementary feed to increase the growth rate and feed efficiency in animals, containing urea derivatives by a content of cyclic ureas substituted by diacyl radicals with the Properties suppressing urease activity, in particular on alloxan, murexide and / or Barbituric acid, in amounts of at least 0.001 to about 0.01 moles of the active ingredient per kilogram Feed. Considered publications:
German Patent No. 738 131;
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,768,895, 2,819,966. 609 590/133 7.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin