DE1218331B - Thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation and its manufacturing process - Google Patents
Thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation and its manufacturing processInfo
- Publication number
- DE1218331B DE1218331B DEG33943A DEG0033943A DE1218331B DE 1218331 B DE1218331 B DE 1218331B DE G33943 A DEG33943 A DE G33943A DE G0033943 A DEG0033943 A DE G0033943A DE 1218331 B DE1218331 B DE 1218331B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- thermal insulation
- insulation material
- insulation
- manufacturing process
- vacuum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
- A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
- A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0345—Fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31703—Next to cellulosic
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE
AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL
Int. α.:Int. α .:
C04bC04b
Deutsche Kl.: 80 b-9/20 German class: 80 b -9/20
Nummer: 1 218 331Number: 1 218 331
Aktenzeichen: G 33943 VI b/80 bFile number: G 33943 VI b / 80 b
Anmeldetag: 4. Januar 1962Filing date: January 4, 1962
Auslegetag: 2. Juni 1966Opening day: June 2, 1966
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmedämmstoff für Vakuumisolation, bestehend aus vielen Schichten wärmeisolierender und metallischer Materialien.The invention relates to a thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation, consisting of many layers heat-insulating and metallic materials.
Es ist bekannt, hochwertige thermische Isolierungen für verflüssigte, tiefsiedende Gase, insbesondere für flüssigen Wasserstoff und flüssiges Helium, durch Vakuum-Doppelmantel-Behälter zu erreichen, in die ein Wärmedämmstoff eingebracht ist, der aus einer Mischung von Metall- und schlecht wärmeleitendem Nichtmetallpulver besteht. Eine solche Isolierung hat den Nachteil, daß sie sehr schlecht evakuiert werden kann, daß eine Entmischung der Teilchen auftreten kann und daß das Isolationsmaterial auch im Falle von Reparaturen an den Behältern sehr unangenehm zuhandhaben ist.DieseNachteilekönntenteilweisedadurch überwunden werden, daß der Wärmedämmstoff aus abwechselnden Schichten von Metallfolien und Isolierfolien aufgebaut wird. Einem solchen Material haftet aber nach wie vor der Nachteil an, daß es sehr schlecht evakuiert werden kann. Außerdem ist bezüglich der Isolationswirkung noch nicht das Optimum erreicht, da jeweils zwischen zwei reflektierenden Schichten noch eine kaum reflektierende Schicht vorhanden ist.It is known to have high-quality thermal insulation for liquefied, low-boiling gases, in particular for liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, to be reached through vacuum jacketed containers into the a thermal insulation material is introduced, which consists of a mixture of metal and poorly thermally conductive Non-metallic powder. Such insulation has the disadvantage that it is very difficult to evacuate can that a segregation of the particles can occur and that the insulation material also in the case repairs to the containers are very inconvenient be overcome that the thermal insulation material consists of alternating layers of metal foils and Isolation film is built up. Such a material still has the disadvantage that it is very difficult to evacuate. In addition, the insulation effect is not yet the optimum achieved, since there is still a barely reflective layer between two reflective layers is available.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden.The invention is based on the object of avoiding these disadvantages.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß mindestens ein Teil der Schichten aus einem in bekannter Weise mit einem Metallüberzug versehenen Isoliermaterial besteht. 'This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least some of the layers consist of one consists in a known manner provided with a metal coating insulating material. '
Die metallische Schicht kann ein- oder beidseitig auf die nichtmetallische, thermisch isolierende Unterlage aufgebracht werden. Dies kann durch bekannte Verfahren geschehen. Eine Möglichkeit ist das Aufdampfen. Die metallische Schicht kann auch chemisch aufgebracht werden, vorzugsweise indem die nichtmetallische Schicht in eine Metallsalzlösung getaucht oder mit einer solchen besprüht wird und anschließend das Metall durch eine Reduktionslösung ausgefällt wird. Es ist weiterhin möglich, die metallische Schicht aufzukaschieren, indem eine feine Suspension des Metalls in einem Lösungsmittel aufgesprüht und das Lösungsmittel anschließend verdampft wird. Bei den letztgenannten Verfahren ist anschließend ein Trocknungsprozeß notwendig, bevor die Schichten aufeinandergelegt und als Isoliermaterial verwendet werden.The metallic layer can be on one or both sides of the non-metallic, thermally insulating base be applied. This can be done by known methods. One possibility is vapor deposition. The metallic layer can also be applied chemically, preferably by adding the non-metallic Layer is dipped in a metal salt solution or sprayed with such and then the metal is precipitated by a reducing solution. It is still possible to use the metallic layer laminate by spraying a fine suspension of the metal in a solvent and the Solvent is then evaporated. The last-mentioned method is followed by a drying process necessary before the layers are placed on top of one another and used as an insulating material.
Als Metallschicht kommen hauptsächlich Stoffe mit kleiner Strahlungszahl, d. h. hohem Reflexionsvermögen,
in Betracht, wie Gold, Silber, Kupfer, Aluminium. Besonders wirksam und auch wirtschaftlich
tragbar ist Silber. Die Schichtdicke ist so zu wählen, daß ihre Durchlässigkeit auch für ultrarote Strahlung
Wärmedämmstoff für Vakuumisolation und
Verfahren zu seiner HerstellungSubstances with a low radiation number, ie high reflectivity, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, are mainly used as the metal layer. Silver is particularly effective and also economically viable. The layer thickness is to be chosen so that its permeability for ultra-red radiation and thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation
Process for its manufacture
Anmelder:Applicant:
Linde Aktiengesellschaft,Linde Aktiengesellschaft,
Wiesbaden, Hildastr. 2-10Wiesbaden, Hildastr. 2-10
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Dr.-Ing. Josef Weishaupt, Pullach (Isartal)Dr.-Ing. Josef Weishaupt, Pullach (Isar Valley)
gering ist, wofür im allgemeinen schon Schichtdicken von 10~4mm ausreichen.is small, for which a layer thickness of 10 ~ 4 mm is generally sufficient.
Als wärmeisolierendes Material können Stoffe mit geringer Wärmeleitzahl, wie Kunststoffolien, Glimmer u. dgl. Verwendung finden.Materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, such as plastic films, mica, can be used as heat-insulating material and the like. Use.
Gemäß einer besonders zweckmäßigen Ausbildung des Erfindungsgedankens können hierfür Faserstoffe, insbesondere Glasfaserpapier, verwendet werden. Die Verwendung des Glasfaserpapiers hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß der entstehende Wärmedämmstoff gasdurchlässig ist und deshalb sehr leicht evakuiert werden kann. Außerdem ist er nicht brennbar und hitzebeständig, was ein Ausheizen der fertig isolierten Behälter zuläßt. Die Dicke des isolierenden Materials soll sehr klein sein. Der mittlere Durchmesser der Fasern soll vorzugsweise weniger als 0,002 mm betragen. According to a particularly expedient embodiment of the inventive concept, fiber materials, especially fiberglass paper can be used. The use of fiberglass paper is special The advantage that the resulting thermal insulation material is gas-permeable and can therefore be evacuated very easily can. In addition, it is non-flammable and heat-resistant, which means that the finished insulated container is burned out allows. The thickness of the insulating material should be very small. The mean diameter of the Fibers should preferably be less than 0.002 mm.
Der Wärmedämmstoff nach der vorliegenden Erfindung weist erhebliche Vorteile auf. Durch die äußerst feine Aufteilung der reflektierenden Flächen bei nur punktförmiger gegenseitiger Berührung der Teilchen ergibt sich eine äußerst geringe Wärmeleitung. Da die Abstände der metallisierten Fasern sehr viel kleiner sind als die Abstände der Folien der bekannten Wärmedämmstoffe, ist die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen benachbarten Strahlungsschutzflächen und damit der Wärmeaustausch wesentlich kleiner. Außerdem läßt sich der Wärmedämmstoff nach der Erfindung leichter an unregelmäßige Behälterformen anpassen. Allgemein ist dessen Herstellung und Verarbeitung sehr viel einfacher. Auch kann die Gleichmäßigkeit der Isolierung über große Flächen verbürgt werden.The thermal insulation material according to the present invention has considerable advantages. Through the extremely fine division of the reflective surfaces with only point-like mutual contact of the Particles result in an extremely low heat conduction. Since the distances between the metallized fibers are very are much smaller than the distances between the foils of the known thermal insulation materials, is the temperature difference between adjacent radiation protection surfaces and thus the heat exchange is much smaller. In addition, the thermal insulation material according to the invention can be more easily attached to irregular container shapes adjust. In general, it is much easier to manufacture and process. Also can the evenness the insulation over large areas can be guaranteed.
609 577/407609 577/407
Der Wärmedämmstoff nach der vorliegenden Erfindung läßt sich nicht nur für die Isolation von Flüssigkeitsbehältern, sondern auch für die Isolation des Tieftemperaturteils von Wasserstoff- oder Heliumverflüssigern sowie für Kühlgeräte und Tdeftemperaturmeßeinrichtungen anwenden.The thermal insulation material according to the present invention can not only be used for the insulation of liquid containers, but also for the insulation of the low-temperature part of hydrogen or helium liquefiers as well as for cooling devices and low temperature measuring devices.
Zur Unterbindung der metallischen Wärmeleitung in der Vielschichtisolierung können gegebenenfalls abwechselnd eine oder mehrere Lagen metallisierter Folien und eine oder mehrere Lagen nichtmetallisierter Folien aufeinandergeschichtet werden.To prevent the metallic heat conduction in the multilayer insulation, if necessary alternating one or more layers of metallized foils and one or more layers of non-metallized films Foils are stacked on top of one another.
Für die Befestigung der Isolierung können Metallbandschellen oder ein Netzwerk aus Draht oder Kunststoff oder Textilf asern verwendet werden.For the fastening of the insulation you can use metal band clamps or a network of wire or Plastic or textile fibers can be used.
Zur Aufrechterhaltung oder Verbesserung des Vakuums innerhalb der mit dem Wärmedämmstoff ausgefüllten Isolierung können Adsorptionsmittel in oder unter die dem Tieftemperaturbehälter zunächst liegenden Isolationsschichten eingelagert werden.To maintain or improve the vacuum within the filled with the thermal insulation material Insulation can adsorbents in or under the cryogenic container initially Insulation layers are stored.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEG33943A DE1218331B (en) | 1962-01-04 | 1962-01-04 | Thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation and its manufacturing process |
FR917676A FR1341110A (en) | 1962-01-04 | 1962-12-05 | Thermal insulation, in particular for vacuum insulation and method for its manufacture, as well as a container or the like provided with an insulation conforming or similar to the preceding |
GB48756/62A GB979951A (en) | 1962-01-04 | 1962-12-28 | Improvements in or relating to heat insulating material |
US530739A US3357587A (en) | 1962-01-04 | 1965-11-12 | Thermal insulation suitable for vacuum bottles and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEG33943A DE1218331B (en) | 1962-01-04 | 1962-01-04 | Thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation and its manufacturing process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1218331B true DE1218331B (en) | 1966-06-02 |
Family
ID=7124810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEG33943A Pending DE1218331B (en) | 1962-01-04 | 1962-01-04 | Thermal insulation material for vacuum insulation and its manufacturing process |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3357587A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1218331B (en) |
GB (1) | GB979951A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3705440A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-09-01 | Man Technologie Gmbh | HEAT INSULATION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES |
DE4002131A1 (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1991-08-01 | Man Technologie Gmbh | High temp. resistant reflector foil - comprises highly reflective precious metal coating on ceramic support with IR-permeable stabilising layer on coating |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4044911A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1977-08-30 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Heat insulation system |
DE3429151A1 (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1986-02-20 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | INSULATION DEVICE |
FR2862122B1 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2010-12-17 | Pcx | THERMAL INSULATING MATERIAL |
FR2930623B1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2012-12-28 | Saint Gobain Isover | PRODUCT FOR THERMAL INSULATION |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE963387C (en) * | 1961-06-20 | 1957-05-09 | Gen Electric | Thermal insulation body |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2357851A (en) * | 1940-12-11 | 1944-09-12 | Scheyer Emanuel | Heat reflective material |
US2616165A (en) * | 1947-01-18 | 1952-11-04 | Everett D Mccurdy | Electrode for electrolytic devices and methods of making same |
US2731046A (en) * | 1951-10-01 | 1956-01-17 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Tow target |
US2630620A (en) * | 1952-09-29 | 1953-03-10 | Henry J Rand | Coated fabric |
US2822509A (en) * | 1953-05-06 | 1958-02-04 | David R M Harvey | Adhesive plaster |
US2814162A (en) * | 1954-06-25 | 1957-11-26 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Apparatus for production of metallized and bonded blown glass fibers |
US2921864A (en) * | 1954-07-27 | 1960-01-19 | Heberlein Patent Corp | Process for metalizing textiles and products therefrom |
US2919970A (en) * | 1955-05-09 | 1960-01-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for attenuating and treating glass fibers |
US2951771A (en) * | 1956-11-05 | 1960-09-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for continuously fabricating an impervious metal coated fibrous glass sheet |
US3241702A (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1966-03-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Insulation construction for cryogenic containers |
US3009601A (en) * | 1959-07-02 | 1961-11-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Thermal insulation |
-
1962
- 1962-01-04 DE DEG33943A patent/DE1218331B/en active Pending
- 1962-12-28 GB GB48756/62A patent/GB979951A/en not_active Expired
-
1965
- 1965-11-12 US US530739A patent/US3357587A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE963387C (en) * | 1961-06-20 | 1957-05-09 | Gen Electric | Thermal insulation body |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3705440A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-09-01 | Man Technologie Gmbh | HEAT INSULATION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES |
DE4002131A1 (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1991-08-01 | Man Technologie Gmbh | High temp. resistant reflector foil - comprises highly reflective precious metal coating on ceramic support with IR-permeable stabilising layer on coating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB979951A (en) | 1965-01-06 |
US3357587A (en) | 1967-12-12 |
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