DE1211597B - Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means - Google Patents

Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means

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Publication number
DE1211597B
DE1211597B DEP34591A DEP0034591A DE1211597B DE 1211597 B DE1211597 B DE 1211597B DE P34591 A DEP34591 A DE P34591A DE P0034591 A DEP0034591 A DE P0034591A DE 1211597 B DE1211597 B DE 1211597B
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
compartment
exchange membrane
space
desalination
separated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEP34591A
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German (de)
Inventor
Dipl-Chem Friedrich Fischer
Dipl-Chem Hubert Kraus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pintsch Bamag AG
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Pintsch Bamag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Pintsch Bamag AG filed Critical Pintsch Bamag AG
Priority to DEP34591A priority Critical patent/DE1211597B/en
Publication of DE1211597B publication Critical patent/DE1211597B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44Ion-selective electrodialysis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Description

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Gewinnung von reinen Säuren und Basen aus ihren Salzen auf elektrodialytischem Wege Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit der Gewinnung von reinen Säuren und Basen aus den wäßrigen Lösungen ihrer Salze auf elektrodialytischem Wege.Process and device for the production of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic route The invention is concerned with the Recovery of pure acids and bases from the aqueous solutions of their salts electrodialytic route.

Mit der Entwicklung von Kationen- und Anionenaustauschermembranen hat ein Verfahren Eingang in die Technik gefunden, bei dem auf elektrodialytischem Weg Salz in die freien Basen oder freien Säuren getrennt werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Elektrodialysezellle durch eine Kationenaustauschermembran oder eine Anionenaustauschermembran in einen Anodenraum und einen Kathodenraum aufgeteilt und die Salzlösung in den Anodenraum oder den Kathodenraum der Zelle eingeleitet. Unter der Einwirkung des elektrischen Stromes erfolgt dann eine Wanderung der zu gewinnenden reinen Substanz in den benachbarten Elektrodenraum, aus dem sie abgezogen werden kann. Es ist auch vorgeschlagen worden, eine Zelle zu verwenden, die durch eine Kationen- sowie ein Anionenaustauschermembran in drei Kammern aufgeteilt ist. In diesem Fall wird die zu trennende Salzlösung in den Mittelraum zwischen Kationen- und Anionenaustauschermembran eingeleitet. Unter dem Einfluß des elektrischen Stromes wandern die Kationen durch die Kationenaustauschermembran in den Kathodenraum und bilden dort die freie Base, während die Anionen durch die Anionenaustauschermembran in den Anodenraum unter Bildung der freien Säure wandern. With the development of cation and anion exchange membranes a process has found its way into technology, in which on electrodialytic Way salt can be separated into the free bases or free acids. To this end the electrodialysis cell becomes through a cation exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane divided into an anode compartment and a cathode compartment and the saline solution into the Introduced anode compartment or the cathode compartment of the cell. Under the influence of the Electric current then causes a migration of the pure substance to be obtained into the adjacent electrode compartment, from which it can be withdrawn. It is also It has been proposed to use a cell supported by a cation as well as a Anion exchange membrane is divided into three chambers. In this case the salt solution to be separated in the middle space between the cation and anion exchange membrane initiated. The cations migrate through under the influence of the electric current the cation exchange membrane into the cathode space and form the free base there, while the anions pass through the anion exchange membrane into the anode compartment Migration of free acid formation.

Die vorbeschriebenen Anordnungen der Zelle haben den Nachteil, daß bei der Zweikammerzelle niemals reine Lösungen, es sei denn, unter ganz erheblichem Stromaufwand, gewonnen werden können, denn durch die Bildung von Wasserstoflionen bzw. Hydroxylionen während des Elektrodialyseprozesses erfolgt auch ein Transport derselben in der gleichen Richtung wie die Metallionen oder sonstigen Kationen bzw. in der gleichen Richtung wie die Säureradikale. Eine Verbesserung brachte die Dreikammerzelle; aber auch hierbei besteht ein Nachteil, der ebenfalls bei der Zweikammerzelle auftritt. insofern als empfindliche leicht oxydierbare Säuren an der Anode oxydiert werden, was zu untragbaren Verlusten Anlaß gibt. The above-described arrangements of the cell have the disadvantage that in the case of the two-chamber cell, never pure solutions, unless under very considerable circumstances Electricity expenditure, can be obtained, because through the formation of hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions during the electrodialysis process are also transported same in the same direction as the metal ions or other cations or in the same direction as the acid radicals. The three-chamber cell brought an improvement; but there is also a disadvantage here, which also occurs with the two-chamber cell. insofar as sensitive, easily oxidizable acids are oxidized at the anode, which gives rise to intolerable losses.

Die Erfindung überwindet diese Schwierigkeiten bei der Trennung von Salzlösungen auf elektrodialytischem Wege und ermöglicht die Gewinnung von reinen Basen und Säuren ohne großen Stromaufwand und Substanzverlust dadurch, daß die Trennung in einer Elektrodialysezelle mit vier Kammern bzw. Räumen durchgeführt wird, deren Kathodenraum und Anodenraum durch je eine Kationenaustauschermembran von einem Entsalzungsraum bzw. einem Produktraum abgeteilt sind, die ihrerseits voneinander durch eine Anionenaustauschermembran abgegrenzt sind, wobei die zu trennende Salzlösung dem Entsalzungsraum zugeführt wird und aus dem Kathodenraum die freie Base, aus dem Produktraum die freie Säure abgezogen werden. The invention overcomes these difficulties in separating Electrodialytic salt solutions and enables the production of pure Bases and acids without great expenditure of electricity and loss of substance due to the fact that the separation is carried out in an electrodialysis cell with four chambers, the Cathode compartment and anode compartment each through one Cation exchange membrane from a desalination room or a product space, which in turn are separated from one another by an anion exchange membrane are delimited, the salt solution to be separated being fed to the desalination room and the free base from the cathode compartment and the free acid from the product compartment subtracted from.

Dabei wird zweckmäßig das entsalzte Wasser aus dem Entsalzungsraum in den Kathodenraum oderl und in den Produktraum übergeführt, um hier der Bildung der freien Base bzw. freien Säure zu dienen. The desalinated water is expediently removed from the desalination room into the cathode space oderl and transferred into the product space, around here the formation to serve the free base or free acid.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung näher veranschaulicht. The invention is illustrated in more detail in the drawing.

Die schematisch dargestellte Elektrodialysezelle mit der Kathode () und der Anode (+) ist durch zwei Kationenaustauschermembranen K1 und K2 und eine Anionenaustauschermembran A in vier einzelne Kammern bzw. Räume 1, 2, 3 und 4 unterteilt. The schematically shown electrodialysis cell with the cathode () and the anode (+) is through two cation exchange membranes K1 and K2 and one Anion exchange membrane A is divided into four individual chambers or spaces 1, 2, 3 and 4.

In den aus einer Kationenaustauschermembran K 1 und der Anionenaustauschermembran A gebildeten Entsalzungsraum 2 wird über die Leitung 5 die zu trennende Salzlösung MeR eingeleitet. Unter dem Einfluß des elektrischen Stromes wandern die Metallionen bzw. die entsprechenden Kationen, in der Zeichnung als Me bezeichnet, durch die Kationenaustauschermembran KI in Richtung der Kathode, während gleichzeitig an der Kathode unter Wasserstoffentwicklung Hydroylionen OH - gebildet werden. Die Anionen, in der Zeichnung mit R- bezeichnet, wandern durch die Anionenaustauschermembran A in den aus Anionenaustauschermembran A und Kationenaustauschermembran K2 gebildeten Produktraum 3. In diesen Produktraum 3 wandern außerdem aus dem Anodenraum 4 WasserstoffionenH+ durch die den Anodenraum begrenzende Kationenaustauschmembran K2 ein, so daß im Produktraum 3 Elektronenneutralität hergestellt wird.In the one from a cation exchange membrane K 1 and the anion exchange membrane A formed desalination space 2 is via line 5, the salt solution to be separated MeR initiated. The metal ions migrate under the influence of the electric current or the corresponding cations, designated in the drawing as Me, by the Cation exchange membrane KI in the direction of the cathode, while at the same time at the Cathode with evolution of hydrogen Hydroyl ions OH - are formed. the Anions, labeled R- in the drawing, migrate through the anion exchange membrane A in those formed from anion exchange membrane A and cation exchange membrane K2 Product space 3. Hydrogen ions H + also migrate from the anode space 4 into this product space 3 through the cation exchange membrane K2 delimiting the anode space, so that in the Product space 3 electron neutrality is established.

Die erforderlichen Wasserstoffionen werden im Anodenraum, der mit einem Hilfselektrolyten aus Leitung 11 beschickt wird, an der Anode unter Sauerstoffentwicklung gebildet. Als Hilfselektrolyten benutzt man dabei zweckmäßigerweise eine starke Säure, wie beispielsweise Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure usw. The required hydrogen ions are in the anode compartment, which is with an auxiliary electrolyte is charged from line 11, at the anode with evolution of oxygen educated. A strong one is expediently used as the auxiliary electrolyte Acid such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.

Aus dem Entsalzungsraum 2 wird über Leitung 8 das entsalzte Wasser abgezogen, das über Leitung 9 dem Kathodenraum 1 oder über Leitung 10 dem Produktraum 3 zur Erzeugung der freien Base bzw. freien Säure zugeführt werden kann. Über Leitung 6 wird aus dem Kathodenraum 1 die freie Base MeOH und aus dem Produktraum 3 über Leitung 7 die freie Säure RH abgezogen. From the desalination room 2, the desalinated water is transferred via line 8 subtracted, the cathode compartment 1 via line 9 or the product compartment via line 10 3 can be supplied to generate the free base or free acid. Via line 6, the free base MeOH is transferred from the cathode compartment 1 and from the product compartment 3 Line 7, the free acid RH drawn off.

Diese Anordnung der Austauschermembranen in der Elektrodialysezelle bietet den Vorteil, daß das zum Einsatz kommende Salz in die freie Base und die freie Säure aufgespalten wird, ohne daß Verluste eintreten können, wie dies bei den älteren Verfahren der Fall ist. Als wesentlicher Vorteil stellt sich außer- dem dabei die Tatsache ein, daß die freie Säure vor Oxydationswirkungen an der Anode geschützt bleibt. This arrangement of the exchange membranes in the electrodialysis cell offers the advantage that the salt used in the free base and the free acid is split without losses can occur, as is the case with the older procedures are the case. Another major advantage is to the thereby the fact that the free acid from oxidizing effects on the anode remains protected.

Claims (3)

Patentansprüche: 1. Verfahren zur Trennung von Salzlösungen unter Gewinnung der reinen Basen und reinen Säuren auf elektrodialytischem Wege, d a d u r c h gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennung in einer Elektrodialysezelle mit vier Kammern durchgeführt wird, deren Kathodenraum (1) und Anodenraum (4) durch je eine Kationenaustauschermembran (K 1 bzw. K2) von einem Entsalzungsraum (2) bzw. einem Produktraum (3) abgeteilt sind, die ihrerseits voneinander durch eine Anionenaustauschermembran (A) abgegrenzt sind, wobei die zu trennende Salzlösung dem Entsalzungsraum (2) zugeführt wird, und aus dem Kathodenraum (1) die freie Base, aus dem Produktraum (3) die freie Säure abgezogen werden. Claims: 1. Method for separating salt solutions under Obtaining the pure bases and pure acids by electrodialytic means, d a d u r c h characterized that the separation in an electrodialysis cell with four chambers is carried out, the cathode compartment (1) and anode compartment (4) each through a cation exchange membrane (K 1 or K2) separated from a desalination space (2) or a product space (3) which in turn are separated from one another by an anion exchange membrane (A) the salt solution to be separated is fed to the desalination room (2), and the free base from the cathode compartment (1) and the free acid from the product compartment (3) subtracted from. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus dem Entsalzungsraum (2) entsalztes Wasser abgezogen und dem Kathodenraum (1) zugeführt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the Desalination chamber (2) drawn off demineralized water and fed to the cathode chamber (1) will. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus dem Entsalzungsraum (2) entsalztes Wasser abgezogen und dem Produktraum (3) zugeleitet wird. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the Desalination space (2) withdrawn desalinated water and fed to the product space (3) will. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Britische Patentschrift Nr. 815 154. Documents considered: British Patent No. 815 154.
DEP34591A 1964-06-26 1964-06-26 Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means Pending DE1211597B (en)

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DEP34591A DE1211597B (en) 1964-06-26 1964-06-26 Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means

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DEP34591A DE1211597B (en) 1964-06-26 1964-06-26 Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2536766A1 (en) * 1982-11-25 1984-06-01 Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS AND CELL FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
DE3423653A1 (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-09 Gerhard K. Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz Method and device for metering in ions into liquids, in particular aqueous solutions
EP0315135A2 (en) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-10 Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliike A process for the demineralization of whey or a liquid based on whey and for producing an acid mixture and a base mixture useful in food industries
DE3926642A1 (en) * 1988-08-11 1990-03-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Electrodialysis appts. for recovering acid esp. organic acid from salt - with stack of 4 compartment cells separated by ion exchange membranes, sharing outer compartments and electrodes
EP0438369A2 (en) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-24 Monsanto Company Process for the isolation and purification of free iminodiacetic acid, starting from it's salt, by elektrodialysis
EP1121970A2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 SGL Acotec GmbH Method and apparatus for the simultaneous production of high purity acids and bases

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB815154A (en) * 1956-02-20 1959-06-17 Permutit Co Ltd Improvements relating to electrodialysis processes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB815154A (en) * 1956-02-20 1959-06-17 Permutit Co Ltd Improvements relating to electrodialysis processes

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TR23045A (en) * 1982-11-25 1989-02-13 Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti ELECTRICAL PROCEDURE AND ELECTROLYTIC HUECRE FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPUTER
FR2536766A1 (en) * 1982-11-25 1984-06-01 Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS AND CELL FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
DE3423653A1 (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-09 Gerhard K. Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz Method and device for metering in ions into liquids, in particular aqueous solutions
EP0315135A2 (en) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-10 Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliike A process for the demineralization of whey or a liquid based on whey and for producing an acid mixture and a base mixture useful in food industries
EP0315135A3 (en) * 1987-11-06 1990-08-22 Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliike A process for the demineralization of whey or a liquid based on whey and for producing an acid mixture and a base mixture useful in food industries
DE3926642C2 (en) * 1988-08-11 1998-02-26 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Process for obtaining an acid from its salt
DE3926642A1 (en) * 1988-08-11 1990-03-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Electrodialysis appts. for recovering acid esp. organic acid from salt - with stack of 4 compartment cells separated by ion exchange membranes, sharing outer compartments and electrodes
EP0438369A2 (en) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-24 Monsanto Company Process for the isolation and purification of free iminodiacetic acid, starting from it's salt, by elektrodialysis
EP0438369A3 (en) * 1990-01-18 1991-10-02 Ercros S.A. Process for the isolation and purification of free acids, starting from their salts, by electrodialysis
EP1121970A2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 SGL Acotec GmbH Method and apparatus for the simultaneous production of high purity acids and bases
DE10004878A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-09 Sgl Technik Gmbh Method and device for the simultaneous production of acid and base of high purity
EP1121970A3 (en) * 2000-02-04 2002-07-31 SGL Acotec GmbH Method and apparatus for the simultaneous production of high purity acids and bases
US6444107B2 (en) 2000-02-04 2002-09-03 Sgl Technik Gmbh Method and device for the simultaneous production of acid and base of high purity

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