DE1195901B - Process for the production of dyeable staple fibers or threads from polypropylene or polyethylene - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of dyeable staple fibers or threads from polypropylene or polyethylene It is known to spin polyethylene and polypropylene, which are formed by the low pressure process with solid catalysts with a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 , into threads of excellent textile properties. Fibers made from these polymers, however, have considerable disadvantages over synthetic fibers which are produced by polymerization or condensation of monomers bearing polar groups, because they cannot be dyed properly with conventional dyes using conventional dyeing methods.

It is also known to use fibers made of polyethylene or polypropylene in the To dye melt spinning, the dyes in the form of inorganic or organic pigments are dispersed in the melt before the spinning process.

However, finer nuances cannot be achieved using this method in the color scheme, and it is also not possible to produce a finished fabric, which consists of mixtures with other fibers to dye tone on tone or with effect.

It is also known to produce well-dyeable threads from vinyl polymers, by adding these compounds bearing polar groups from a solution to be spun. For example, the dyeability of a fiber made of polyvinyl chloride improved by incorporating polymeric pyridine compounds through the solution and that the mixture is spun from solutions of acetone and carbon disulfide will.

It has now been found that staple fibers or filaments made of polypropylene or polyethylene can be really dyed with disperse dyes or acid dyes by the conventional dyeing process if these polyolefins are incorporated in the melt flow in quantities of 1 to 100% of these polyolefins carrying polar groups before the melt spinning process. Polymers bearing polar groups are, for. B. in question: polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid esters, polymethacrylic acid esters, such as methyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyacrylic acid amides or their substitution products, such as isopropyl acrylamide, also polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyridine and other similarly constructed homologous and substituted polymers.

For each polymer and each degree of polymerization (molecular weight) there is a certain range of miscibility in which the spinning process of the mixed polymers can still be carried out properly and filaments of a uniform, homogeneous structure can be produced from the mixed polymers. If the limit of compatibility is exceeded, the mixture of the polymers becomes non-uniform and leads to threads containing nodules which cannot be stretched properly and which contain inclusions and which also do not allow uniform coloring. The tolerance limit of the spinnable polyolefin for the polymers bearing polar groups is generally 10 percent by weight in the finished fiber and depends on both the molecular weight of the polyolefin and the added polymer, which becomes less compatible with decreasing molecular weight.

The simple melting of cold-mixed powder or granulated powder Polymerizate in the spinning head alone is not enough, but leads to threads of non-uniformity Titer and defects that reduce the value of the thread for textiles or the production and make processing impossible.

It is also not possible to interpolymerize the fiber of olefins to produce with polar monomers, since with the processes that the Enable production of spinnable polyolefins with unbranched chain, no copolymers can be produced of the type mentioned.

The mixing of the polymers bearing polar groups into the olefin polymer takes place at a temperature above the melting point of the polyolefin to a To ensure perfect homogenization of the spinning mass, expediently on rollers or in mixing extruders, in kneaders or mixers.

Mixing in the polymers in the melt flow until the required homogeneity is achieved requires a certain time, depending on the polyolefin, the temperature and the mixing device, but this should not be exceeded if possible in order not to expose the spinning mass to the action of heat for too long. Even with the generally sufficient mixing time of 10 minutes, it can be advantageous to add commercially available heat stabilizers to the spinning mass. The mixture of high molecular weight polyethylene or polypropylene with the content of polar Gr . The polymer carrying uppens is expediently fed directly to the spinning process, but it can also be stored as granules or powder or in any other form and only melted again immediately before spinning.

The staple fibers or threads produced according to the invention can be dyed in the usual way with the known commercially available disperse and acid dyes. The textiles produced therefrom are also more pleasant to the touch and in the load-bearing capacity, which is probably due to the fact that the fiber becomes more hydrophilic due to the content of polymers carrying polar groups. Example 1 Polypropylene of molecular weight 150,000 is / verwalzt on a roll at 175 to 185'C with 9 0 polyvinyl acetate of molecular weight 60,000, is obtained until a uniform, transparent melt without streaks and inclusions. The process takes about 7 minutes.

This polymer mixture is shredded after cooling and after processed into threads using the melt spinning process. The thread obtained undergoes hot drawing subjected. The characteristics of the spin data are determined by the incorporated polyvinyl acetate only slightly changed. The web is made of disperse dyes in pastel shades Colored to the deepest blacks.

C, composition of the fiber. 91 polypropylene, 9 polyvinyl acetate. Color Dye used. To be found in the Color Index Blue ..... Artisil blue 2RP ultra dispers C. 1. Disperse Blue, 19, Part 1, 1721, Part 11, 61 110, P.4136 Red ...... Artisilrubin R ultra dispers C. 1. Disperse Red, 5, Part 1, 1689, p. 4137 Yellow ..... Cellitone-fast yellow G C. 1. Disperse Yellow, 3, Part 1, 1660, Part 11, 11855, P.4183 Black Cellitonechtschwarz BTNU Disperse dye (Mixture), Part 1, 1742, p. 4182 (see above) + Cellitone yellow G Example 2 As described in Example 1 , a mixture of polypropylene and polyvinyl acetate in a ratio of 95: 5 is produced and dyed. Before mixing in the melt, 0.5111, a conventional stabilizer, is added to the components.

Composition of the fiber: 95 parts of polypropylene, 0.5 parts of stabilizer, 5 parts of polyvinyl acetate. Color Dye used. To be found in the Color Index Blue ..... Cellitone blue FFR C. 1. Disperse Blue, 3, Part 1, 1714, Part 11, 61 505, P.4182 Red ...... Cibacetrot B C. 1. Disperse Red, 25, Part 1, 1698, p. 4202 Yellow ..... Setacylgelb 2 GN supra C. 1. Disperse Yellow, 3, Part 1, 1660, Part 11, 11855, P.4429 Black cellitoneal black BTNU see above + Artisilmarine BNP C.I. Disperse Blue, 29, Part 1, 1726, p. 4137 Example 3 Instead of the polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid methyl ester is mixed in at 170 to 180 ° C. in 12 minutes, composition of the fiber: 95 parts of polypropylene 5 parts of polyacrylic acid methyl ester Color Dye used. To be found in the Color Index Red ...... Cellitone Scarlet R C. 1. Disperse Red, 7, Part 1, 1690, Part 11, 11 150, P.4183 Blue ..... Artisil blue 2 RP ultra dispers C. 1. Disperse Blue, 19, Part 1, 1721, Part 11, 61110, P.4136 Black cellitoneal black BTNU see above + Sedacyl violet 4 RT supra C. I. Disperse violet, 12, Part 1, 1710, Part 11, 11 120, P.4428 Example 4 92 parts of polypropylene, molecular weight 80,000, produced by the low-pressure process according to Z ie g 1 er, and 8 parts of polyisopropyl acrylamide are mixed homogeneously on the roller at 180 ° C. in 10 minutes. The threads obtained from the polymer mixture by the melt spinning process were drawn while hot and could be dyed perfectly with acid dyes of the following types. Composition of the fiber: 92 parts of polypropylene, 8 parts of polyisopropyl acrylamide. Color Dye used. To be found in the Color Index Red ...... Ponceau ABN Conc. C. 1. Food Red, 5, Part 1, 1784, p. 4401 Blue ..... Woolly blue B C. 1. Acid Blue, 89, Part 1, 1269, Part 11, 13 405, p. 4488 Black Supramine black BR C. I. Acid Black, 31, Partl, 1387, PartII, 17580, P.4457 Example 5 Low-pressure having a molecular weight of 350 000, is polyvinyl verwalzt on a roll at 165 to 175'C with 8 0 / a molecular weight of 60,000 for about 10 minutes, so that a homogeneous melt is formed.

After cooling, this polymer mixture is shredded and shaped into multifilament rayon at 330.degree. C. using the melt spinning process. The spun material is then stretched 1: 6. The thread obtained can be dyed in light and dark shades without difficulty.

Fiber composition: 91 polypropylene, 9 polyvinyl acetate. Color Dye used. To be found in the Color Index Yellow ..... Cellitone-fast yellow G C. I. Disperse Yellow, 3, Part 1, 1660, Part 11, 11855, P.4183 Blue ..... Cellitone blue FFR C. 1. Disperse Blue, 3, Part 1, 1714, Part 11, 61 505, P.4182 Red ...... Cibacetrot B C. I. Disperse Red, 25, Part 1, 1698, p. 4202 The trade names given are usually protected trademarks.

Claims (1)

Patent claim: A process for preparing dyeable fibers or threads of polypropylene or polyethylene from the melt, d a d u rch g e -kennzeichnet that the polypropylene or polyethylene bearing before the spinning process, polar groups polymers in amounts of 1 to 100 / in-melting, Soot are incorporated. Considered publications: German Patent Specifications No. 731522, 886 371; German Auslegeschrift No. 1010 697; Swiss patent specification No. 326 496.