DE1191719B - Shotgun shells and their manufacturing process - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

F07f

German class: 72d-5

Number: 1191719

File number: R 293331 c / 72 d

Filing date: December 21, 1960

Opening day: April 22, 1965

The invention relates to a case for shotgun cartridges, in which the free to be closed The end is also made of thermoplastic material and is adjacent to the shot charge Star-shaped folding clasp with inwardly directed folds and one coaxial with the sleeve Center hole is formed.

It is known that such sleeves instead of paper or cardboard-like material made of thermoplastic To manufacture plastic. Here, however, there is the difficulty that star-shaped folding connections, such as they are known for cartridge cases made of paper or cardboard-like material, poorly manufacture because the plastic tries again and again to return to its original sleeve shape after folding to jump back. This property is considerably more pronounced with thermoplastic than with paper-like or cardboard-like material and has it in a known cartridge case made of plastic out that the front closure part of the sleeve is made in one piece with the sleeve itself, while the base of the case containing the primer is subsequently inserted. The consequence of which is that the cartridge, in contrast to the generally usual filling from the front end of the case as from now filled with shot and powder from the bottom end and then the one containing the detonator The bottom piece must be pressed into the sleeve. If the bottom piece also through this an adhesive can be connected to the inner surface of the sleeve wall, the bottom piece must so that it is properly held in the sleeve, itself be sleeve-like and a relatively have long side walls so that there is a sufficient adhesive surface between the cartridge case and the cartridge base is formed. It also requires reverse filling of the cartridge case and inserting the bottom piece new devices.

In contrast, the invention is intended to provide the possibility of sleeves for shotgun cartridges, in which at least the end to be closed consists of thermoplastic material, in which for paper- or cardboard-like material in the usual way with a star-shaped secured against springing back To provide folding clasp, so that the sleeves using the same devices filled in the usual way from the front end and then only below at this end With the help of new tools for the otherwise usual locking devices are locked can.

Case for shotgun shells and process for their manufacture

Applicant:

Remington Arms Company, Inc.,

Bridgeport, Conn. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dip.-Ing. W. Paap, Dipl.-Ing. H. Mitscherlich
and Dipl.-Ing. K. Gunschmann, patent attorneys,
Munich 22, Mariannenplatz 4

Named as inventor:

La Vern Simeon Bayard, Devon, Conn .;

George Robert Eckstein,

Fairfield, Conn. (V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America April 15, 1960 (22 557) ■

The invention is based on the aforementioned known type of sleeve for solving this problem Shotgun shells.

The invention consists in relation to this known sleeve mentioned at the beginning in that the folding closure a recessed into the cartridge interior, composed of triangular sectors end surface forms and between these triangular sectors sharply set off, radially extending and after has outwardly directed folding ribs twice the material thickness, the upper folding edges in a substantially perpendicular to the sleeve axis, opposite the outer edge portion of the sleeve lie somewhat recessed plane, and that of the axially extending end edges of the Side walls of the folding ribs enclosed center hole by one made of the thermoplastic material this end edge plug formed by heating is closed.

In the case of the sleeve according to the invention, the specified design and arrangement of the folding ribs an inwardly directed toggle action of the folding ribs is achieved, which prevents the folding closure can pop open again before the central hole is finally closed. At the same time will as a result of the central hole being enclosed by the

509 540/51

with the fully folded closure axially extending end edges of the side walls of the folding ribs created a partial possibility for closing the central hole before. The corresponding method according to the invention is that a high-speed rotating punch is inserted in the axial direction under pressure into the central hole, melted by its friction with the end edges of the folding ribs resting against it, the plastic at these end edges and closed a mass is formed which closes the central hole and any spaces between the end edges of the folding ribs and solidifies to form the closure plug after removal of the punch.

Further features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of the preferred embodiment shown as an example in the drawing and its production with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows ao

Fig. 1 shows the sleeve according to the invention in the filled state and ready for closure in plan view,

FIG. 2 shows a side view, partially drawn as a longitudinal section, of the sleeve according to FIG. 1,

F i g. 3 the sleeve according to FIG. 1 and 2 after carrying out the first step in closing, ie after the star-shaped folding of the upper end of the sleeve in plan view,

F i g. 4 shows a side view, partially drawn as a longitudinal section, of the end of the sleeve to be closed in the state according to FIG. 3,

F i g. 5 the star-shaped folding clasp in the almost completely closed state in plan view,

F i g. 6 shows a vertical section along the line 6-6 in FIG. 5;

7 shows the top view of the completely closed folding lock,

F i g. 8 is a vertical section along the line 8-8 in FIG. 7;

F i g. 9 shows the top view of the finished folding closure after the closure plug has been formed in the central hole,

F i g. 10 shows a vertical section along the line 10-10 in FIG. 9,

11 shows the bottom view of a folding tool for star-shaped folding of the end of the sleeve to be closed according to FIG. 3 and 4,

FIG. 12 is a vertical section along line 12-12 in FIG. 11

13 shows a section similar to FIG. 12, in which, however, the folding tool is placed on the end of the sleeve to be closed ,

14 shows a vertical section through an upsetting tool which is used for closing the according to FIG. 3 and 4 pre- folded folding closure according to Fi g. 5 and 6 is used,

F i g. 15 the bottom view of a rotatable tool for the final shaping of the folding clasp,

FIG. 16 shows a vertical section along the line 16-16 in FIG. 15 with the molding tool engaging the folding fastener, FIG.

F i g. 17 is a vertical section through a rotatable punch for forming the closure plug for the central hole and

F i g. 18 shows a vertical section through a second rotatable closing tool for carrying out a final operation on the closing plug which has been produced with the aid of the stamp according to FIG.

According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the sleeve for the shotgun cartridge in the illustrated embodiment of the invention consists of a cylindrical tubular body 10 made of plastic and a bottom part 11, preferably made of brass or another metal, to which the lower end of the case body 10 is attached and which in a known manner contains a felt washer, an insert sleeve, a primer, an anvil and the primer. A powder charge 12 is arranged above the felt disk and is separated from the shot charge 15 by one or more further disks 13 and one or more filling disks 14. The free end of the tubular body of the case 10 protrudes with its upper edge 18 beyond the shot charge and is formed according to the invention into the folding closure consisting of one piece with the case body, by means of which the shot charge is held in place.

The plastic used for the case body 10 is a material that has the necessary tensile strength and rigidity so that the usual handling can be carried out and proper functioning of the cartridge in the firearm is guaranteed; furthermore, the material has the necessary flexibility to enable the closure to be folded. Plastics suitable for this purpose include linear polyethylene, copolymers and polyethylene, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate and a terpolymer made from styrene, butadiene and acrylonitrile. The sleeve body 10 is preferably formed by extrusion or other methods in which sufficient strength of the material develops. The inner surface and the outer surface of the sleeve body can be smooth; however, the outer surface can also be provided with longitudinal ribs, as in FIG. 1 and 2 is indicated at 16.

The first step in closing the sleeve is to create a prepared star-shaped one Folding at the upper or front free end according to FIG. 3 and 4.

This operation is carried out with the aid of the star-shaped folding tool shown in FIGS. The star-shaped folding results in a plurality of radial folding ribs 17 distributed at equal angular intervals, running from the inside to the outside, the folding lines of which run at right angles to the upper end edge 18 of the sleeve body 10 and which have triangular side walls which are connected longitudinally inclined folding lines by triangular sectors 19 extending between the folds .

The number of folding ribs 17 can depending on the diameter of the sleeve, the wall thickness and the Size of the center hole 50 may be different, but plays an important role in that it is so chosen should be that the end edges of the side walls of the folding ribs in the finished folding closure with consideration on the closure plug to be formed should lie tightly against one another. With a shotshell with an outside diameter of about 20 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.56 mm and a Central hole, the size of which is such that it can be properly closed in the manner according to the invention it has proven to be the most expedient

5 6

instructed to provide eight folding ribs 17. More than going back to the natural tendency of wrinkles

nine and less than seven fold ribs should result in re-aligning along the fold lines

however, in no case should they be used. to open.

When performing the star-shaped folding. The folding ribs 17 and the triangular sectors 19 of the plastic also play an important role in the shape of the star-shaped folding tool. According to body 10 by a transition surface 30 of ver-Fig. 11 to 13 has the folding tool 20 connected to one another at its relatively large radius, the lower end has a recess 21 for receiving the projected fold lines of the folds tangent to the upper free end of the sleeve body 10 merge on tial into the curvature of the surface 30, so and has eight parallel-walled slots 22, which from io that the part of the transition surface that is radially outwardly adjacent to the cylindrical circumferential surface immediately adjacent to a central opening 23 forms a smooth annular surface that extends underneath and extends from the lower end of the work piece, which is not perpendicular to the top through the wall of the Has been folded or retracted sharply.
Savings 21 up to a horizontal upper forehead Now the star-shaped prefolded relative 24 will extend so that the tool is divided into eight 15 final parts, a closing and upsetting process under sectors. The wall of the recess 21 threw around the in F i g. 5 and 6 partially shown comprises an entry or guide surface 25 for bringing about the closed state; For this purpose, according to FIGS. 12 and 13, convex or alternatively, the purpose shown in FIG. 14, which cannot be beveled, a cylindrical side wall-end upsetting tool 31 is used. This work surface 26, a concave transition surface 27 and ao tool comprises an outer sleeve part 32 and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper wall inner punch part 33, which is screwed to the outer surface 28 at 34. The diameter of the cylindrical surface sleeve part and therefore opposite 26 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the latter is adjustable. The inner wall 35 of the sleeve body 10 and is, for. B. about 20 mm, the outer sleeve part is so conical if the outer diameter of the cartridge case 25 det that the opening narrows downwards and is about 19.975 mm. The transition surface 27 has an annular cylindrical neck 36 with a radius of about 2 mm, the angle of inclination convexly rounded insertion lip 37 forms, angle of the upper wall surface 28 is about 12 °, the diameter of the neck 36 is chosen so that and the slots 22 have a width of about the sleeve body 10 with a close fit received-2 mm. This dimension is slightly larger than twice the 30 men, ie that the neck diameter is approximately the wall thickness of the sleeve body. Since the wall thickness of plastic is just as large or slightly smaller than the outside, it varies by up to about 0.09 mm, the diameter of the sleeve body 10. B. 19.975 mm to be taken into account. It should also be able to carry itself in each one, so the neck 36 therefore has an internal through-slot comparatively the same resistance meter of approximately 19.950 mm. Give the angle of inclination so that a symmetrical folding pattern is created. the wall 35 is about 12 °. The lower end

In order to bulge out or bulge out of the synthetic stamp part 33, a recess with a conical

material body of the sleeve throughout the entire Hernischer inner surface 38 with an inclination of approximately

To prevent the lock from moving, support 12 ° are on, and on the edge of the recess is a

medium provided, e.g. B. a sleeve 29 (Fig. 13), 40 downwardly projecting annular rib 39

of which the cartridge case is formed underneath its the ver, the outer diameter of which is selected in this way

Final forming upper end is enclosed. is that it is slightly smaller than the inside diameter

When the free of the case body 10 when the folding tool is applied. When the inner diameter of the end of the cartridge case with its cylindrical case is approximately 18.9 mm, the shape according to FIG about tool occurs, the circular front edge 18 meets 18.1 mm. The lower edge of the annular rib of the cartridge case on the curved transition 39 is convexly rounded and at a distance surface 27. The formation of the folds begins, arranged above the constricted neck 36; When the eight folding tips at the edge of the sleeve this distance is chosen so that the upsetting enter the slots 22 and are folded, whereby the process on the part of the sleeve body 10 between the sections of the edge between the folds of the annular transition surface 30 and the top tips at the same time limited along the connecting surface 27 side of the shot charge in the case. At and the inclined upper wall surface 28 inwardly the tool shown is the perpendicular to be pressed. If the reciprocal movement of the length of the neck 36 is about 2.4 mm and the height of the folding tool and the sleeve to be closed rib 39 above the neck 36 is also about 2.4 mm deeper, the fold deepens. The outer cylindrical wall of the rib th gradually up to a point at which the fold 39 extends within the conical wall th of the end edge 18 at the apices of the 35 at a radial distance therefrom over a triangular sectors 19 forming between the folds from about 2 mm upwards, so that a ring come together, as shown in FIG. 13 is shown. 60 shaped free space 40 is available.
Cold stretching takes place during this folding process. 4 of the plastic material pre-folded in a star shape when this is pressed over the cannula body 10 into the recessed lower end of the th of the slots. Here, the upsetting tool has been inserted and a permanent folding pattern is formed, but a vertical relative movement between the work of FIGS. 13 and 4 shows that the tool and the cartridge case in the closing end in FIG. 14 during removal of the star-conveyed position is brought about, the migen folding tools are pressed down after this operation such as folding ribs 17 until their of the in FIG. 4 assumes the position shown, which upper folding edges to the conical inner surface of the

7 8

Create recess 38 of the tool . At the same time the rapidly rotating tool is produced, the rib 39 of the tool creates a circular plastic, on the other hand, when pressed and turned, indentation in the form of an impression in the outer numbers, in which the paper suffers no damage, ends of the folding ribs, while the rounded ones melt, Edge 30 together with the adjacent upper 5 leave chipping and tearing. In the case of the sleeve according to the invention, the end section of the cylindrical sleeve body is therefore compressed externally after the finishing of the folding lock with the help of the conical wall of the encircling tool only then to adapt and to surround the folds when the lock is through the Cold deformation in front of the convex, rounded ring-shaped edge can be accessed with the aid of the upsetting tool according to FIG. 14, form. The side walls of the folds are here io corresponding to FIG. 5 and 6, almost completely brought together so that the sharply offset one has been closed, so that the rotatable work folding ribs 17 are formed, which has to do only a small amount of work from the triangular sectors 19 inclined at the bottom and inside and its application time is greatly reduced. protrude upwards, and that the inner end edges can thereby reduce the development of heat of the side walls of the folding ribs, which are formed from the original 15 by operating the tool with a considerably jerky edge 18 of the cylindrical sleeve - lower speed than with the body, tight fitting to anein- closing a shotgun shell casing made of paper. When creating another and a cover for the central cartridge case made of paper, the speed is hole 50 form. The folding ribs are hereby usually about 1800 rpm by the tool, while the toggle action occurs because the tool for finishing is the tool for finishing in the manufacture of the plastic sleeve according to lines on the base of the side walls of the folding ribs of the invention. are slightly longer than the upper folding edges until tion only needs to be pressed down and operated at a speed of about 900 rpm below dead center. In addition, this can practically be anchored in such a way that the folding closure cannot reopen the tool of the cooling effect via a line. This is achieved when 25 airflows are exposed.
the upper folded edges of the Faltrippen at the co- The African in Fig. 15 and 16 shown Fertigbear- inner surface includes a body 41, is attached to create, 38 of the recess 12 ° beitungswerkzeug. In this case, a central hole on its top side forms a threaded bore 42 for loading which, according to FIG. 14, narrows downwards, fixing the tool at a suitable point, since the inner edges of the folds are at right angles to the drive element; there are upper fold lines at the bottom of the body. 41 is a recess 43 is provided, which is through a

During the withdrawal of the cartridge case cylindrical side wall 44 is limited, which on

from the upsetting tool, which, towards its lower end, causes a convex widening

Neck 36 narrowing at the bottom of the same has a reducing entry section 45 in order to close the sleeve diameter at the upper end. 35 end of the shotshell case.

As a result, the folding ribs 17 as a result of the When the cartridge case has an outer diameter

Has toggle action a little further downwards of about 20 mm, the inside diameter is

presses, so that, taking into account the near recess 43, about 20.075 mm. The upper

natural spring back of the plastic from the wall of the recess comprises a circular plane,

F i g. 5 and 6 the shape of the folding fastener 40 offset downwards or an extension 46

results in which the upper folding edges no longer to deepen the cartridge end, which is of a

with the angle of 12 ° according to FIG. 14, but annular groove 47 is surrounded, which in the cylindrical

rather, are inclined at a smaller angle , drical wall 44 of the recess passes over to the

which according to FIG. 6 is about 8 ° . to shape the finished edge of the fastener; the base

Following on from this upsetting process 45 of the groove 47 is shown in Fig of FaIt-. Subject 15 with three appendages closure an operation that the provided 48 of concave profile in cross-section, the purpose, has a recess in the center of the Faltver- the shape of the final Form the cross-sectional shape of the closure such that the upper Faltkan- edge corresponds to the cartridge case. The front of the folding ribs in an insignificant horizontal side of each extension48, that is to say the side facing the forward direction of rotation with respect to the edge section 51 , is below the plane and the free end edges of the side are at a relatively small angle to Base of the groove walls of the folding ribs, which incline the central hole, while the opposite side close below, run parallel to its axis; a relatively large angle with respect to the base, which also has an upwardly protruding groove. In the middle of the extension 46 the convexly curved edge is formed, that of 55 there is a cylindrical central pin 49, which enters the cylindrical wall of the cartridge case from as the central hole of the breech, so that the annular bead runs inwards and that recessed prevent shot from settling in the hole; surrounds at middle piece. With the exemplary embodiment described here, this operation is carried out with the aid of a rapidly rotating tool. The diameter of this pin is approximately 1.8 mm. This leads, which is similar to the tool according to the USA. Patent 60 when forming the sleeve edge effective depth of the writing 2,373,554. With the suggestion according to groove 47, ie the depth at a cross section through this patent specification, this tool represents one of the extensions 48 (left side of FIG. 16), decision immediately after the preparatory star carries about 0, 75 mm, and its width is roughly the finished end of the sleeve end-shaped folds. This is 2.4mm.

in one according to the patent from paper-like 65 When using the rotating tool

Shotgun shell made of the material is possible, the shotgun shell according to FIG. 6 with her

lent, since this material of the high temperature almost closed end in the recess 43

withstands that by the pressure and the friction of the by a perpendicular relative movement between the

Sleeve and the tool inserted. In this case, the previously shown in FIG. 6 compressed part of the Fastener pushed inward to conform to the cylindrical side wall 44 of the recess, while at the same time the extension 46 engages the top of the folded ribs and the star-shaped folded closure presses down, so that the upper edges of the folding ribs 17 in a come to rest on the horizontal plane and adapt to the flat surface of the extension 46. the inner end edges of the side walls of the folding ribs lie close to one another and form a almost cylindrical enclosure of the center hole 50. When the vertical relative movement between the rotating tool and the cartridge case continues, the extension 46 presses the star-shaped folded closure downwards, so that a recessed center piece is created, and at the same time it becomes the Edge section 51 of the cartridge surrounding the middle piece by the rolling and ironing action of the projections 47 shaped so that it has a substantially semicircular cross-section. After withdrawing of the tool, the closure shows the one from FIG. 7 and 8 visible form.

To completely close the sleeve body 10, the central hole 50 is now through a Closed operation comprising several work steps, in which, according to the invention, the Plastic material of the closure itself is used to form a closure plug. During the formation of the folding clasp, measures were taken to ensure that the To avoid pressure and the heat generated by the friction on the plastic or on To reduce a minimum, it is proposed according to the invention, precisely these effects exploit to form the plug. The plastic used is a poor conductor of heat, and when its surface is subjected to a frictional effect, that produced thereby causes Heat that the material rubs off and melts.

The first step here is that a stamp-like die rotating at high speed Tool52 (Fig. 17) concentrically in the substantially cylindrical central hole 50 is inserted. This tool preferably consists of Steel and has a cylindrical lower end with a diameter that is slightly larger than that Diameter of the center hole 50 created during the manufacture of the folding clasp. Above of the working part of the tool, a heat insulating sleeve 53 is provided which is attached to the tool is attached by means of a cross pin 54 and serves to reduce the heat output of the tool on a Reduce the minimum. A conical recess 55 is formed at the lower end of the tool 52, which together with the cylindrical circumferential surface form a relatively sharp annular surface Edge forms.

The tool 52 is driven at a relatively high speed of about 15,000 rpm; when the tool comes into contact with the plastic surrounding the central hole 50 the heat generated by the pressure and friction that the plastic abraded, melted and is directed inwardly into the conical recess 55, so that the molten Material in the form of a closure plug 56 collects in the central hole, the wall of the The enlarged opening remaining above the sealing plug is simultaneously fused in such a way that that a continuous annular layer 57 is formed from the plastic through which the inner end edges of the side walls of the folding ribs 17 are sealingly connected to one another. To upon removal of the tool 52, the plug hardens to a rigid, with the folding clasp contiguous part that effectively anchors the folds of the fastener.

The second and all subsequent work steps consist of using high speed rotating tools 58 according to FIG. 18 for smoothing and leveling the top of the plug 56. These tools also have thermal insulation in the form of a sleeve 59 a heat insulating material, which is fixed by means of a cross pin 60. In the lower end The tool has an insert piece 61 screwed into it, which is also made of heat-insulating material and the underside of which is level with the metal ring surrounding it. The tools 58 have the same diameter as the tool 52, the diameter of which is about 4.5 mm, so that they can enter the recess above the plug 56. You will also be using a high speed of about 15,000 rpm, which is generated by the pressure and friction Heat causes the top of plug 56 in the manner shown in FIG is leveled. After removing the last tool 58, the finished closure corresponds to the Illustration according to FIG. 10. It is true that good results can be obtained even if only one tool 58 is used achieve, but it is advantageous to do this operation on two or more similar tools to split up.

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Case for shotgun cartridges with the free end to be closed made of thermoplastic There is plastic and a star-shaped folding closure adjacent to the shot charge with inwardly directed folds and a closed center hole equiaxed to the sleeve is formed, characterized in that the folding closure one in the cartridge interior receding, composed of triangular sectors (19) terminating surface forms and between these triangular sectors (19) sharply offset, radially extending and outwardly directed Has folding ribs (17) twice the material thickness, the upper folding edges in a substantially perpendicular to the sleeve axis, opposite the outer edge portion (51) of the sleeve lie somewhat recessed plane, and that of the end edges extending in the axial direction the side walls of the folding ribs (17) enclosed center hole (50) through a thermoplastic Material of these end edges formed by heating plug (56) is closed. 2. Sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edge portion (51) of the Folding closure protrudes inward from the cylindrical body of the sleeve (10) as an annular bead 509 540/51 and surrounds the folding ribs (17) and the triangular sectors (19). 3. Sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of folding ribs (17) is selected depending on the material thickness and the circumference of the central hole (50) so that the folding ribs to be converged on the central hole (50) ( 17) to the central hole (50) with their surrounding it extends in the axial direction end edges tightly abut each other. 4. Sleeve according to one or more of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the closure plug (56) forms one piece with all of the folding ribs (17). 5. Sleeve according to claim 4, characterized in that the sealing plug (56 ) is uniformly welded to all of the folding ribs (17). 6. Sleeve according to one or more of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the closure plug (56) is formed rigidly from . 7. Method for closing the center hole of a sleeve according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the central hole (50) with a high speed rotating punch (52) is introduced in the axial direction under pressure, by its friction with the end edges of the folding ribs (17) resting against it, the plastic is melted at these end edges and formed into a mass that forms the center hole and closes any gaps between the end edges of the folding ribs and after removal of the stamp solidified to the sealing plug. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 913 752, 684 318;
French patent specification No. 1 183 667.
850, 967 037; British Patent No. 531,203;
U.S. Patent No. 2,682,222. For this purpose, 1 sheet of drawings 509 540/51 4.65 @ Bundesdruckerei Berlin