DE1151050B - Method for controlling the sequence of processes that can be influenced by technical means - Google Patents

Description

Procedure for controlling the course of processes that can be influenced by technical means The invention relates to a procedure for controlling the course of processes which can be influenced by technical means according to a given program. with the help of a control unit as well as a program generator, and means for making logical decisions, called program logic, through which the process is started, controlled and stopped, as well as that. necessary technical system in a desired - steady state or 'is transferred from one to another operating state, whereby -' the execution of the main program for the purpose of executing a sub-program can be automatically interrupted if the state of the technical system or part of it requires this .

- ' The control of the flow of a process -concentrates on either -the'-control and. Maintaining a technical system in a desired stationary location. State - or the transfer between operating states. The preservation - stationary Z ustände is-the primary task of conventional control devices, however, welche- the movement of the technical system between two operating states often do not - vermögän afford to-. Reasons for this are: Fixed set parameters of the controller are arbeitspunktabhän_ £ ## AEE values of Regelstrecki (dead time, time constant - - transfer dimensions) over so that the control is static or dynamic bad or even unstable in certain Aibeitspunktbereichen; Sometimes the controllable control ranges are also limited by the sensors. In the control scheme no means are provided for the control of such state variables> in steady state can be -annehmen only non-critical values, as conditions change, however, effect on the nature odef rate of change of state leadership are - can, such as armature currents stronnichtergeregelter DC motors or heating and cool down - development speeds of boiler tubes - or turbine housings. These cases can basically be solved by improving or expanding existing analog control systems; in some cases, however, it is also more economical to use a higher-level control and regulation system. For certain changes in state, the control scheme is replaced by another with a changed reference variable. For example, when starting up a steam boiler, the heating rate of the pipelines is the reference variable for the increase in fire, while during operation the fire is characterized by the load, i, for example. -by- the Fischdam pfdruck, -. is controlled. In any case, a superordinate .. control unit is required here, which either only switches over the control loops in the. suitable time or -a-. Part% of the control tasks - when performing the status silver transition. Has such as the arrival --and Abu switch from mills or- burners at, a -Kesselfeuerung, wherein also a redistribution of the load to the burner to be carried out - in - the scheme must - - switching operations are einbezogen-;. or the regulation degenerates into pure switching actions # with mere execution control, such as switching motors on and off - # or opening and closing of valves with control of the position or the flow. Thereby, through a - possibly very long - chain of - switching actions, executed in accordance with - superordinate control instructions and based on logical decisionsi the system; be prepared for the actual operation and gradually transferred to it. The same applies to. Decommissioning-The use of computing devices for the purpose of automating industrial processes has already been carried out in some cases. The flexibility of the calculators is based on various principles, each of which requires a certain minimum effort and which, of course, cannot all be applied to a sequence control system. These drawbacks are addressed with the help of the process control method. of processes that can be influenced by technical means according to a given program with the help of a control unit as well as a programmer and means for making logical decisions, called program logic, through which the process is started, controlled and stopped, as well as the necessary technical system in a desired stationary State is maintained or transferred from one to another operating state, the execution of the main program for the purpose of executing a sub-program can be automatically interrupted if the state of the technical system or a part of it requires, avoided according to the invention that the control unit by signal voltages from the program logic to output standardized command pulse sequences on different lines and the actuators to be actuated by these command pulse sequences are selected by the program logic.

For such processes of the step-by-step sequence of switching operations A general and unambiguous nomenclature does not yet exist. Therefore should in the following some terms are defined, which result from the nature of the to be treated Process. Application examples also make the area of responsibility of a Process flow control outlined.

A “fully controlled” procedure for changing the state of a technical system through a sequence of switching operations is called “ sequence control”. The totality of the switching operations that have already taken place at any given point in time defines the "level" at which the control sequence is located; the levels can also be counted (numbered). The entirety of the switching operations determined by the sequence of stages is called the "program". The next switching operations are initiated according to the type and point in time by the level reached and the occurrence of a so-called »progressive clipping«. In general, this stepping condition acknowledges the immediately preceding switching operations and stops the control if previous switching operations were unsuccessful. Since triggered by the switching action, the stepping condition can only be fulfilled for a shorter or longer time after the switching action; this “fulfillment period” must be taken into account when designing a process control.

A control with the characteristics of step-by-step progression in accordance with incremental conditions is called "sequential control", r in accordance with common usage. In a sequence control, the sequence of the switching process is only controlled to the extent that the progress is prevented if it is not followed; however, the failure as such is not recognized. A complete control can only be achieved if, after a sufficiently selected waiting time, any non-fulfillment of the stepping condition is checked and, if necessary, alternative switching operations - in the simplest sense of the word , alarms - are triggered. If a follow-up control is provided with such a device, it should - as already mentioned above - be called "sequence control". If the stepping condition is fulfilled, the waiting time can of course be aborted and the next step can be carried out.

Under »switching action« one could first of all carry out a structure, that is only able to understand two positions in the other position, for example the switching on or off of a protection or the opening and closing of solenoid valves (bivalent, switching operations). However, the definition of the switching action is more useful as an intervention that is subject to certain conditions or tentative procedures Points in time one or more variables influencing the process by a finite one Measure changes.

The following types of switching operations can be distinguished: Two-valued switching operations, as already mentioned above. Should these - such as when closing a large shut-off valve - extend over a longer period of time, it is sufficient to initiate the switching action, for example: putting a contactor in self-holding mode, which is disconnected again by limit or torque switches when the closing process is completed. Alternatively, however, the closing of the limit switch could also be interpreted as an incremental condition and lead to the next step, which would then turn off the valve drive. In such a simple case this would not make sense; However, the example shows two new features of sequence controls: A switching action can trigger another sequence or sequence control, because the closing process of the valve is nothing more than a very simple one, consisting of only two stages & sequence control. In more complicated cases, both processes can be parallel in time. On the other hand, this simple sequential control has the function of a regulation, because reaching the end position can be viewed as reaching the setpoint with a corresponding reaction on the actuator.

Multi-valued switching operations that assign certain selected values to a continuously changeable manipulated variable. The switching action should then consist of a setpoint specification for a Reer, which, under certain circumstances, can also be implemented by a program branch of the sequence control running in parallel. The target value is assigned either by selecting from a series of fixed values or by simple calculations (counting, addition) or by combining the two methods. The setpoint can - especially in fixed selected set values - by the selection of particular contacts have been represented as switching conditions, which include, for example at different positions of a valve; in other cases the setpoints must be represented by an analog voltage.

Timed switching actions: These are those that have an integral Adjust the acting actuator proportionally to the time, according to the usual push-button control of valves and other actuators. Time-determined switching operations are on hfittel to set up simple control loops with the help of the sequence control.

According to their nature, the incremental conditions are r, initially logical, i.e. two-valued conditions. As with the switching operations, this formal identification is rather misleading and disguises the close connection with analog, ie a continuous range of values - those physical quantities. For example, in the pressure monitor or, more generally, every limit indicator generates a two-valued signal, which, however, is assigned an analog value. Switching conditions are conceivable which consist of a logical combination of several two-valued signals and which can trigger different effects on the next switching stage. For example, two limit values can be thought of as fixed for exceeding a speed setpoint, such that only minor corrections are initiated when the speed is exceeded slightly, while more drastic measures are initiated when the higher limit is exceeded. The sequencer would thus contain a "branch" in this case, similar to that for non-compliance of a stepping condition after expiry of the waiting period. The example given also shows that incremental conditions can arise from arithmetic operations (difference to the nominal value); however, since these values do not need to be saved, they can be generated using known methods of analog computing or control technology.

One of the essential principles that can be transferred with moderate effort and the design of the logics for the special tasks can be made much easier, is the definition of certain types of operations, which are associated with so-called "addresses" "Commands" are connected and their successive execution is even the most difficult Information surrounds permitted. As "operations" z. B. »Additon«, »Subtraction« called; the addresses designate those locations in the machine's memory where the data to be processed are available.

In a sequence control, an operation usually consists of outputting a voltage to a specific actuator * whose designation would correspond to the address in the command of a calculating machine. Looking more closely, the operations are, but not so uniform; it can be pulse-like switching commands or commands of a certain duration, which, however, only describe the operations directed towards the outside of the system. Even more important for the "degree of intelligence" of the sequence control are operations that relate to their own behavior, namely the ability - normally interrupted by an incremental condition - to wait for the command acknowledgment and the ability to draw conclusions from decisions, i.e. H. practical to interrupt the normal sequence of steps with a "jump". Each command must "be" be conditioned, d. H. v can be made subject to certain conditions.

A “master unit” and a “program logic” can be distinguished. The task of the former is to carry out the various types of operations while the program logic embodies the special content of the respective control program. A “step counter” is included in the master value, at whose position the currently to be executed Program step can be recognized.

An important task of the tail unit is the implementation of time sequences, especially of waiting times. Because of this, and for other reasons, it turns out to be expediently, the sequence control a smallest internal time measure, the so-called "Beat" to be memorized. The tact can be realized through visualization periodic opening and closing of a relay contact; all changes in the Sequence controls are found at the transition between the open and closed position of contact takes place, in between she remains calm. When you get through the beat When the counter switches, its position immediately shows the time that has elapsed.

The most primitive mode of operation of the sequence control, which is referred to in the following as the "Norinal" or "N command" for short, consists in the step counter being increased by one on every second cycle (for example, indicated by the "opening" of the cycle switch); these clocks should therefore be referred to as "switching clocks" tS. In the steps in between (for example, marked by »closing« the clock switch to the outside) there will be an effect, e.g. B. actuators energized; these clock phases are therefore referred to as "command clocks" tB. Switching and command cycles follow one another alternately; the step counter is incremented by one each time, thus enabling other outputs for actuation by the following command cycle. From this follows the expediency of the further types of commands described in the fola: Gen Waiting (W) command: As with the normal command, the switching cycle tS is followed by the command cycle tB; at the same time, however, a counter is set to a value which is determined by the program logic depending on the level and the fulfillment of certain conditions. As the time elapses, switching and command contacts are suppressed, and instead the counter preset with the command cycle is counted with a »counting cycle« tZ empty ". If the counter has reached the value zero, a» next command cycle «tBN is output; We, with the command cycle, external effects can be given here. The counting is interrupted, however, if the incremental condition determined by the program logic and the level is fulfilled during the counting period; the post-command cycle tBN is also given in this case, but can easily be conditioned with Non-fulfillment of the stepping condition can be made ineffective.

The W-Befelil is the tool for realizing the "complete control" of the sequence control. If the stepping condition is not fulfilled, alarms and stops can be set by means of the subsequent command and dangerous situations can be normalized (e.g. switching off a machine unit that is switched on at the command cycle if the lubricating oil pressure is too low). As such, the subsequent command is unnecessary, since corrective actions and stops could also be carried out on the command cycle of the following level, depending on the incremental condition; in many cases, however, this is impractical, since in the event of a stop the next stage would overflow and the stage counter would first have to be corrected again after the malfunction has been eliminated before restarting.

Another application of the W command is the implementation of »timed Switching operations «which have an external effect for a certain period of time should take place. This period of time can be measured either by command or subsequent command (switch on with tB and switch off with tBN) or by creating a constant Tension from the counting cycles tZ, which disappears after the discontinuation of tZ; this »modified Counting cycle «can be produced with simple means.

Finally, the W instruction enables counts and arithmetic operations. By successively counting two numbers from the waiting time counter into a totalizer by means of the counting cycles, z. B. be added; when using an up and down counter, there is a subtraction. With suitable programs and the use of so-called "shift registers", such operations can be carried out in a very short time. The limitations here (except in the computing speed) are primarily in the program length. Mention should also be made of the so-called "static command," which alone is aboeicitet from the stage without any logical connection with any of the bars. This command is used to advantage to display errors that led to the automatic stop; the message is pending as long as the error is present and the automatic system stops at the level in question.

The next most important type of operation to the W command is the jump (C command). The program logic determines at which level and under which conditions the level counter is to be set to other values. For example, if the attempt to ignite the flame is unsuccessful, this can be repeated after a corresponding waiting period; Depending on the warm or cold start of a steam turbine, different parts of the program can be visited. Finally, there is the opportunity to go through. To repair jump commands recognized as unfavorable program parts after commissioning by placing further steps at the end of the program and moving to these at the point to be corrected and then jumping back to the original program.

Stop (Z) command: The stop - caused by stopping the cycle - always takes place on the. subsequent switching cycle; The level counter is always counted further, but no commands are executed at this level, with the exception of the "static command". The stop can be set as an addition to any command, including W and C commands. These are carried out first; then (after increasing the step counter) the cycle is stopped. The stop can also be conditional; In addition, a general stop after each step (single step) is possible for test purposes, which can be set or deleted from the control panel as required. A new start can be blocked using »Start conditions«.

In the case of "reservation" and a jump, the level of the step counter is shown before the jump saved; at the end of the then trodden part of the program there is a »return« asks, which resumes the original program in the right place will. This is useful to run several programs in parallel, i.e. quasi simultaneously, to expire.

The interruption is not an actual command, but the modification of the program due to external disturbances that transfer to the other program parts should. If knowledge of the stage at which the disorder occurred is not necessary, an interruption can also take place via the operating part of the control; in the case of the interruption meant here, the level of the step counter before the interruption is used reserved and available for decisions in the fault program.

Due to the easily overlooked construction principle of a sequence control, the keep the operator in contact with the system; manual operation is possible at any time by means of remote control. i Electronic working speed allows parallel execution of several control processes and the establishment of auxiliary control loops in transitional states in which the operating control loops are not yet functional are.

The communication between the operating staff and the process control takes place from a control section. Suitable interconnection of the corresponding elements creates memories in which values that have once occurred can be stored for later use. There are also elements for delayed switching on and off, for the formation of voltage pulses of a defined duration for short-term voltage reasons, for the derivation of switching signals from the size of analog signals, which are compared against a »threshold value«, and the like.

The tail unit contains a »clock distributor«, which depends on the different control voltages originating from the program logic, the sequence of the control clocks publishes tS, tB, tZ, tBN; likewise the clock distributor contains the logics for »Stop«, »Start« and »Interrupt« as well as the central generator for the! Basic cycle, a so-called multivibrator. Other function groups are the counter for the Waiting time and the step counter with associated presettings. How it works the W command has already been fully described; in addition to the jump command notes that the waiting time counter is used as a buffer when the jump is executed serves.

Regarding the setting of the waiting times, it should be noted that with consideration the fulfillment times for the switching operations, which are usually only approximated during planning or the action times for time-determined commands, the time preselection with a crossbar distributor takes place, which enables the times to be corrected by simply repositioning them.

The program logic contains a signal input in which the input signals, be brought into a form suitable for processing, as well as a logic for -possibly required special signal links. The "instruction logic" is the central part of the program logic. It links levels and conditions to form occupational and control unit instructions with a logical "and". In the output logic, the Operating instructions through repeated "and" links with modified counting cycle, Command clock or post-command clock connected and fed to the output amplifiers; only dependent on the level. Commands control the associated output amplifier directly. The program logic also contains special logic, in particular memory, additional ones Counters, timers and other functional groups required by the specific application depend.

Control unit and program logic come with a number of test facilities which on the one hand lead to an alarm and standstill in the event of failure and on the other hand which facilitate the detection of errors. The tail unit is on the correct sequence the clock types are checked and the counters are monitored for unwanted changes. at the output amplifiers get the correct relation of the input and output signals checked; in the event of errors, the supply voltage to all amplifiers is switched off.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS. 1. A method for controlling the course of processes that can be influenced by technical means according to a given program with the help of a control unit and a programmer and means for making logical decisions, called program logic, through which the process is started, controlled and stopped, as well as the necessary technical system is maintained in a desired steady state or transferred from one to another operating state, whereby the execution of the main program for the purpose of executing a sub-program can be automatically interrupted if the state of the technical system or a part of it requires this, characterized in that If the tail is caused by signal voltages from the program logic to output C> of standardized Befehlsiinpulsfolgen on different lines and selected by this command pulse trains to be operated actuators by the program logic. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail unit contains a clock distributor, which generates the standardized command pulse sequences from a series of equidistant clock pulses, as are preferably generated by a multivibrator, and that in the tail unit also a preferably binary operating electronic Down counter is available, which is preset by pulses on separate lines from your clock distributor either in accordance with the voltages coming from the program logic or counts down or can be deleted, whereby in position 1 of this counter a static signal is pending at the clock distributor, as well as that The tail unit also contains a so-called step counter, which preferably works slowly, with a decoding logic connected to it, which either continues to count or clears or can be set to the respective status of the time counter through separate lines from the clock distributor. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that one of the standardized command pulse trains with the output of a voltage pulse on a special line, the Ha, uptbefehl begins, at the same time the timer is preset, and that then the clock distributor counting pulses outputs the down-counting time counter until either the occurrence of a special condition, the incremental condition, is reported on a line coming from the program logic, or until the time counter has been counted down to one, whereupon another counting pulse and then on another line a voltage pulse, the follow-up command, is output, after which a counting pulse is sent to the step counter and the time counter is cleared at the same time, the command pulse sequence described (waiting command) being triggered by a voltage on a signal line (W line) derived from the program logic will. 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sequence of the time counting pulses coming from the tail unit to the time counter is converted into a smooth voltage by means of a switch-off delay element, which is present as long as the time counting pulses arrive at the same time, the generated Spanr .c # ,.: ig is available as a time command on a special line. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that another of the standardized command pulse sequences is that the main command is issued and the timer is preset, but that the content of the timer is then transferred in parallel to the step counter, whereupon the time counter is cleared and a counting pulse is sent to the step counter, this command pulse sequence (jump command) being triggered by the presence of a voltage on a line (F line) originating from the program logic. 6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the jump command is modified in such a way that at the same time with the main command and the setting of the timer, the level of the step counter relevant before the jump is transmitted in parallel, possibly coded, into a reservation register. 7. The method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the absence of the signals on the W or F line after the main command immediately the counting pulse for the step counter is output, the time counter being left at zero. 8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each of the above-described processes can be modified by a voltage pending at the beginning of the process on a line (Z-line) originating from the program logic so that, after executing the commands in the manner described above and further counting of the step counter, the supply of the clock distributor with the clock pulses is interrupted, whereby the following commands are not executed before releasing the clock by pressing a push button, but this clock release continues to be conjunctive with conditions from the system to be controlled and the the current stage can be linked. 9. The method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when a signal voltage is present on an interrupt line (U line) coming from the technical system to be controlled, the command pulse sequence currently being carried out is interrupted and instead an interrupt cycle is initiated which If the main command is suppressed, there is a jump command, whereby the value to be preset in the time counter (the "jump address") depends not only on the given level but also on other signals from the system to be controlled or can also be selected as a fixed address, whereby after this jump has been executed the signal that may still be pending on the U-line is rendered ineffective and only comes into effect again after it has been discontinued and reappeared, which is achieved by deleting an inhibition memory when the jump command is executed, the output of which is conjunctively linked to the signal on the U-line , and set this again Memory by a voltage jump of correct polarity on the U-line. 10. The method according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interrupt cycle can be prevented by setting a memory before derr arrival of a voltage on the U-line by means of a main command pulse for certain lines and can only be released again after deleting this memory and that, on the other hand, the interruption cycle can be initiated if the signal voltage-11 has been pending for a long time on the U-line and has become ineffective due to the setting of the information memory by means of the main error signal. Method according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the clock distributor generates the command pulse sequences preferably in such a way that at the two outputs of a bistable flip-flop which is alternately brought into its two positions by pulses from the clock distributor, pulse sequences of half the frequency and opposite phase position P, and Pl are generated, and that the clock distributor two mark memory groups M and Ml, two or three bistable tilting step consisting, are included, which in per se arbitrary, however, expedient to be selected coding the numbers 0 ... 3 and 0 ... 4, and that the generation of the command pulse trains from the interaction of the clock pulse trains P, and Pl with the marker memory groups M, and M, takes place in such a way that at the beginning of a command pulse train both marker memory groups are in state 0 , whereupon the clock P, and if MO = 0, the marking M depending on the voltages on the lines (W and S) O is set to different values according to the selected coding, with the conjunction (M, = 0) and P, generating the main command pulse on the associated line and outputting the presetting pulse of the timer, while the marker M, in accordance with the then pending value of M, is changed so that on the following clock P1, for example, time counting pulses (if the then reached position of M indicates the presence of a W command) or that instead of the transfer of the time counter to the step counter takes place, if M, indicates an S command, and that the rest of the process is analogous to the method described so far, such that from the clock pulses PO and the marker memory group M, or the clock pulses P, and the marker memory group M, by logic Conjunctions on the one hand the command pulse sequences are derived and on the other hand the setting of the respective not to the imp ulsausgabe used marker memory group Mi or M, is made, both marker memory groups are reset to zero at the end of each sequence and a new command cycle can be initiated. 12. The method according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the outputs of the decoding logic of the step counter in part of the program logic conjunctively with signals from the system to be controlled are combined to a) signals to the tail unit, with signals of the same meaning on - different Steps in turn disjunctive the actual tail control signals W, S and Z as well as the static gate controls for the presetting of the time counter form " b) signals to the Äusganis amplifier, which actuate over-relays or the like Stellglieder'des zusteuern.technischen system by as further -Inputs of the logical conjunctions of the main command or the subsequent command - or the time command are supplied, - the entirety of the conjunctions mentioned here with the associated output amplifiers representing the wogrammlogic. 13. Method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, that more important. amplifiers are controlled to d ate when an output signal occurs without a corresponding input signal wn amplifier, the disconnection of the voltages of all amplifiers is effected by an analogous conjunctive link and that also a counter signal is output and the further control process is interrupted, that the correct sequence of the signal voltages output by the control unit continues to be monitored with known techniques that, if necessary, the time counter is monitored for unwanted changes via pulse gates, - that. the stage counter is executed twice and monitored for equivalence and that the outputs of the decoding logic of the stage counter are monitored by pulse gates for changes in both polarities, in such a way that changes in the positive and negative directions in pairs are not evaluated as errors and that all these errors are displayed and lead to the stop of the process. 14. The method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the, position 0 of the step counter, which can be set by - deletion at any time, consists of a jump command whose address is determined by setting switches or pushbuttons, at the same time the Z-line is energized, # so that when the clock is released, the command counter-adjusts to the next higher level to the preset level and stops there without affecting the system to be controlled. had been exercised. 15. The method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the main command, post-command and time counter pulses can be used not only to act on the technical SY "system to be controlled, but also to change other auxiliary memories or auxiliary counters . Method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that some of the auxiliary counters are designed as down counters, which are counted to zero by uniform pulse sequences, whereupon the counting is interrupted and a signal is output which is entered into the program logic in the same way as from The signals originating from the technical system are entered, that jump commands are effected by means of these zero signals, which cause changes to the program at selectable times, and that the auxiliary counters can be preset to values determined by the program logic by means of the main or secondary command, whereupon the Counting starts again, thereby reaching It is possible that different program branches are repeatedly run through in cyclical succession. 17. The method according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that when the pre-setting of the timer from special flip-flop registers takes place on the program levels reached, in an auxiliary counting register (accumulator), which can also be designed as an up-down counter, in which the time counting pulses occurring with W commands can be accumulated additively or subtractively, whereby it is determined from the program logic according to the level reached in each case whether the gate of this counter should be opened for the time counting pulses, after execution of the W commands the sum or difference of Operand register is available. 18. The method according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the time counting pulses of W commands act as shift pulses for shift registers at certain program levels, with a parallel transfer to the shift register from another auxiliary register in particular through the main command and after the shift has been carried out the subsequent instruction causes a retransmission into the same or a different auxiliary register from the shift register. 19. The method according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the additions and subtractions with the shift operations, which mathematically mean multiplications or divisions with or by powers of the base of the number system used, are connected to programs for the rapid implementation of arithmetic operations , in such a way that the numbers stored in the operand registers are interpreted as evaluated places, addition and subtraction are carried out in places according to the pulse counting method and the correct significance is restored by shifting operations. 20. The method according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the program logic contains only a program for controlling a core memory, which is designed in such a way that in accordance with an additionally required core memory address register (bit) are transferred to a flip-flop register, the control register, whereupon, in a further program step, the content of this control register is interpreted as a command for the control unit, in such a way that some bits of the flip-flop register are connected to the lines (W, S and Z) via conjunctions, and further bits to the lines for presetting the timer, while the remaining bits determine the star element to be influenced and the incremental condition, controlled by the decoder, after which the same cycle is repeated after this command has been executed, but in the case of the jump command the transfer of the command of the timer content is not to the step counter, but to the core memory address register which is otherwise increased by one at the end of each cycle by the program in the program logic.