DE1140545B - Brush and brush material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a brush consisting of a bristle carrier and attached to it protruding Bristles of irregular cross-section.

A variety of brush materials can be used with rotary power brushes, for example Wire bristles, tampico fibers, plastic bristles, for example made of nylon, horsehair and plastic-covered wire or fiberglass. Since the further development of the power brushes, a increasing demand for rotary brushes, which act as precision tools, with high speeds revolve and have precisely cut or ground brush surfaces that apply to the workpiece have a predetermined effect. When using wire or plastic fibers as brush material the wires are usually crimped, for example because of the damping effect achieved thereby, which is due to the mutual engagement the bristle arises. This eliminates local stress concentrations that usually cause a Cause longitudinal breakage of the bristles should be avoided. Furthermore, with disc brushes and the like which the bristles usually protrude radially from a central hub, the density of the bristle material necessarily smaller at the working surface than near the hub, so that the evenness of the bristle material at the end and thus a uniform brush surface is difficult to achieve is. Here too, crimping the brush material has so far proven to be advantageous.

However, crimping the brush material also has certain disadvantages. If powered, revolving Brushes, especially disc brushes, with crimped brush material at high speeds revolve and process a workpiece, some of the bristles tend to move under the influence of the To extend centrifugal force and the frictional connection with the workpiece. It arises very quickly a relatively uneven brush surface so that the other bristles do not evenly touch the workpiece or not capture at all. The originally precisely cut or sanded brush surface loses hence its precision profile, and the effect becomes irregular. In precision work must therefore Brush surface can be reground repeatedly. Crimping also causes some of the bristles run in the direction of rotation of the brush, while other bristle ends more or less in the opposite direction Direction lie so that the former to a certain extent drill into the workpiece and the latter only slide over its surface. Finally, it must be related to a

Applicant:

The Osborn Manufacturing Company,
Cleveland, Ohio (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dipl.-Phys. G. Liedl, patent attorney,
Munich 22, Steinsdorf str. 22nd

Claimed priority:
V. St. v. America, February 1, 1961 (No. 86 378)

Vernon Kenneth Charvat, Bay Village, Ohio

(V. St. Α.),
has been named as the inventor

Crimping should also be taken into account that the very hard bristle material that is often required is normally required is brittle and does not crimp well.

It is therefore primarily the object of the invention to provide a new brush material and new ones with this To convey material equipped brushes, which have the advantages of crimping, its disadvantages however avoid it.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the individual bristles along their longitudinal extension Have thickenings that are separated from one another by unthickened bristle sections are.

It is true that a bristle material for brushes has already become known, in the case of the elongated one Fibers continuously merging, thickened and thinned parts. However, these fibers will before being placed in a brush, cut so that short bristles of irregular shape Cross-section with a thickened end and a steadily tapering front part arise. With the thickened end, the bristles can be attached to a bristle carrier in the usual way will. The bristles according to the invention differ from these bristles in that they not only taper from the place of their attachment to their front end, but that they have several clearly separated thickenings, which are separated from one another by unthickened bristle sections are separated.

209 710/3

Since the material of the thickenings according to the invention grinds off faster than the actual bristle, there is always a bristle on the work surface of the same strength, while the known bristle becomes thicker with increasing wear and tear thus no uniform brushing effect is guaranteed.

It is an important purpose of the invention to provide a brush surface of particular durability and

Fig. 2 is an enlarged side view of a single one new bristle according to the invention,

Fig. 3 is a cross-section along the line 3-3 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a cross-section along the line 4-4 in Fig. 2;

5 shows an enlarged side view of another bristle according to the invention,

Fig. 6 is an end view of the new invention

Create precision; another purpose of the rotary brush using erio brush material, invention lies in using a power-driven dxeh brush with the inner ends of the material in one to convey in which the straight, elastomeric embedding material used is first the hub hard brush material is treated in such a way that those are inserted

individual bristles no strong compression or Fig. η an end view of a modified brush

Have "cutting edges" on the brush surface; 15 tools with the new brush material in despite the surface protrusions of the workpiece, an elastomeric body is embedded, which which normally share the brushing surface, one largely up to the outer working surface of the bristles uniform frequency of the peak interventions per burst extends, and

surface length unit can be achieved, so that Fig. 8 is a side view with partial cross-section

those parts of the workpiece are grasped which ao and shows a single bristle with lengthwise grazing Most in need of intervention. terfen parts.

A further purpose of the invention is to provide that with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 there is shown

Bringing such a brush in proposal, in which the brush has a central annular and trough interaction the individual bristles themselves shaped back or hub 1, in which in the governs and the degree and type of bend in the general radially outwardly extending brush working insert regulated. material 2 is located. The particular shape of the Another purpose of the invention is to provide a hub and the attachment of the brush material therein To create brush in which the brush material does not form part of the invention. The invention is suitable elastic, but relatively firm in the vicinity of an alike for the generation of 30 End brushes, wire back brushes, roller brushes, to maintain the bristle positions and tension surface brushes, cup brushes, etc. The brush material may comprise any suitable bristle, such as was modified according to the invention, but preferably consists of hard wire and in particular of 35 steel wire with a Knoop hardness of at least 600. The Knoop hardness test is a US test. Bureau of Standards standardized test and is particularly suitable for measuring the hardness of fine wires. In some In cases, the wires can preferably be a button

tem plastic, whereby the plastic also have 40 hardness of over 700 and also of over 800, can be foamed. The insert according to the invention improves rustproof

Steel bristles and extends their service life.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the individual wire bristles 3 according to the invention have, for example 45 a thin outer plastic cover 4 with lengthwise Expansions provided at intervals that can be referred to as "pearls" 5. Although the Core wire 3 can also be crimped, these wires are preferably straight and extend in the on bristles made of wire, tampico fibers, glass fibers so the case of the rotary brush according to FIG. 1 directly radially from the or arrange plastic fibers. With a central hub to the outside. These pearls 5 meet

various important functions. First, they enable straight bristle wires to be used with significantly more satisfactory results than before. 55 Since the thickness of the bristles is only increased in certain zones, one of the purposes previously taken care of by crimping is fulfilled and excessive compaction of the bristle material in the zone of the brush surface is avoided in order to ensure freedom from cutting, the parts lying in the vicinity of the bristle ^carrier The bristles are embedded in the elastomeric material in relatively uniform numbers of the bristles. The following description of preferred embodiments that excessive stress concentrations seductive forms of bristles and brushes are avoided, which lead to premature fatigue in connection with the drawing and length fracture of the bristles. As already mentioned in the further explanation of the invention. Mentioned in ⁶ 5, very hard wires can be used with significantly the drawings represents higher brushing effect, since these

Fig. 1 is an end view of a rotary disc brush bristles in the treatment according to the invention must be crimped with the new brush material according to the invention. Since they are straight, will

avoid concentrations; this is intended to improve the service life by reducing the spacing be regulated in the outer parts of the bristles by plastic covers.

In a preferred embodiment of a brush according to the invention, the thickenings are arranged in the form of pearls on the bristle; the thickenings can get stuck with the bristles.

According to the invention, the unthickened bristle sections are also expediently between the thickenings coated with a relatively thin plastic coating.

Polyurethane, polyurethane rubber, polychloroprene or another can be used as the plastic use elastomeric material.

The thickenings according to the invention can be

Additional embodiment of a brush according to the invention, the entirety of the bristles consists of one Mixture of wire bristles with thickening and tampo bristles without thickening.

The bristles with the thickenings can also be in a body made of preferably foamed, elastomeric material be partially to almost completely embedded. Preferably there are only

the tendency to lengthen during use is avoided, which was previously the case with crimped brush material occurred, and a precisely contoured brush surface can be created by cutting and grinding the maintains their profile for a significantly longer period of time.

Preferably, the outer plastic linings and pedals are bonded to the core wire, including different ones known binders can be used, such as "Ty-Ply-S" for bonding rubber and rubber-like materials and epoxy resins for bonding nylon. Other covering materials, such as polyurethane, bond themselves sufficiently to the core wire without the use of an adhesive or bonding agent. Polyvinyl chloride is suitable for producing the beads 5 and 6 and the covering 4, and foamed Polyurethane and polyurethane rubber are particularly effective.

If desired, granular abrasives can also be used on the plastic covering and especially the Beads 5 are added, which are slowly released on the brush surface as the bristles wear off and here process the workpiece with the brush rotating. Such granular abrasives are z. B. Aluminum oxide (»Alundum«, »Aloxite«), silicon carbide (»Carborundum«, »Corundum«), Chromium oxide, natural abrasives (pumice stone, emery) or mixtures thereof.

Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the bristle 3 is usually made of wire with spaced beads 6 of plastic along its length and the wire is uncovered in the intermediate zones. Obviously, the brush material can be packed more tightly in the groove back of the brush or in the holding element, so that a more dense brush surface is created. If the brush works under more or less corrosive conditions or if the bristle 3 consists of a particularly brittle material, it is preferable to cover the parts of the wire lying between them with a thin film of the protective plastic 4 according to FIG. The extreme ends of the wire 3 are normally exposed on the working surface of the brush, as the coating is quickly rubbed off (Fig. 2). These exposed, protruding end parts can be very short, e.g. B. V ₃₂ "(0.75 mm), but can also be ¹ Z ₂ " (12.7 mm) or longer. The spacing between the beads can also vary, but V ₈ "(3.18 mm) is generally preferred. Even spacing of the beads along the wire is not necessary and in some cases uneven spacing is preferred.

In order to further regulate the brushing action of the brush and to hold the inner ends of the brush material in such a way that that local stress concentrations in the support zone are further reduced, can an elastomeric mass and preferably an elastomeric foam 7 in the body of the Brush material in the vicinity of the ring hub or the support 1 according to FIG. 1 are pressed. For this foam neoprene or preferably foam polyurethane can be used, which gives particularly good results leads to. If a relatively hard brushing action is required, this can be elastomeric Mass is pressed into the body of the brush material between the pearl bristles at 8 in Fig. 7, so that it extends largely to the brush surface of the tool and only the end parts 3 of the Bristles protrude, although these end parts can have part of their individual covering 4. In granular abrasives can also be introduced into the body of the elastomeric material 8, which are released during the slow wear and tear of the working surface of the tool, the elastomeric Material is preferably such * that it wears out a little faster under working conditions than the Bristle ends. The introduction of the elastomeric material between the individual bristles of the Brush element is made much easier by the beads 5 and 6, since these beads are the excessive Prevent compression of the bristle material and the bristles during the introduction of the elastomeric Keep the mass evenly distributed, this introduction through the created by the pearls Gaps is facilitated.

As already indicated, the brush material usually consists of steel wire with spaced intervals pearls provided thereon; however, the principle of the invention is also suitable for bristles with similar extensions as in the case of nylon threads with spaced provided from the same Material existing bulges9 (Fig. 8).

In the manufacture of the brush tool according to FIG. 7, the brush is made with the beaded brush material inserted into a suitable mold and the elastomeric material introduced into the mold, while the latter rotates at high speed, so that the material evenly in the outer peripheral part the shape is distributed. During the foaming of the material, it expands radially inward and evenly fills the spaces between the bristles.

As mentioned, the crimping of the brush material should be avoided if the same effect can be achieved otherwise. From a metallurgical standpoint, crimping will damage the wire Bending and stretching beyond the yield point and causes local stress concentrations so that, although the bristles are supported against each other in order to avoid length breakage, where these bristles are in the In the hub or in the support, the bristles nevertheless tend to break, and this in segments which the Length of wire between the bends correspond to more than to wear out their outer ends when in use. The straight beaded brush material of the present invention is at the manufacture of the brush is much easier to handle than the resilient, crimped material and is suitable better for automatic brush generation. Extend through the matting of the crimped wires Many of these bristles do not move correctly in the radial direction when installing a disc brush, so that rapid rotation aligns the wires radially and changes the brushing area. mission of straight brush material also increases the material consumption in the manufacture of a disc brush of the same diameter, the saving typically being around 12%. More brush material can also be used in the same brush back, e.g. B. a sheet metal gutter or Metal shell, pack if the beaded, straight brush material is used than when using crimped material so that the density of bristles is greater on the working surface of the tool; this is

indicates a better brushing effect, with the bristle ends be held at the brush surface at small intervals. When making the brush tool, 6 and 7, for example, the beads of the bristles bind mechanically with the elastomeric, the brush material embedding mass, reinforce the structure and prevent individual Bristles fall out of the mass if they tear or crumble near the work surface during use. Although the advantages of the invention are particularly noteworthy in the case of power-operated Dorehbrushes are related to certain of these advantages, such as ease of use and uniformity the filling with the new brush material, also in the various types of the known hand brushes, such as washing brushes and the like other types of brush material can be mixed, such as B. with tampico fiber, and these brushes can be treated with adhesive liquids to further regulate the brushing effect. A mixture of wire and tampico fiber bristles in approximately the same ratio, with the plastic beads attached to the Wire bristles are provided has particularly good results. Glass fiber bristles can also be used according to the invention covered and beaded.

Although these so-called "pearls" are preferably arranged symmetrically to the axis of the bristles, this is not absolutely necessary, and the pearls can also be arranged sideways. When used of neoprene (polychloroprene) as covering 4, beads 5 and embedding compound 7, 8, the fabric, if desired, are known to be foamed by adding a suitable foaming agent and is heated for foaming before vulcanization. The polyurethane can by the presence of Moisture can be caused to foam during the reaction of the constituents. During the

ίο Topping 4 and the pearls 5 in one continuous Process can be applied, it is of course also possible to use a continuous, thin Apply plastic film to the bristle core and the beads or expanded parts from this or another plastic. The inner end parts of the coated bristles can without these beads are left to prevent the insertion of larger quantities of the bristle filling into the back of the gutter, Support or the like to facilitate. The pearls

ao can thereby normally be applied to the bristles prior to assembly in the finished brush be that drops of plastic od on the running wire. Like. Dripped or printed and the wire is then cut to the appropriate length of bristles. Syringes too has been used for this with success.

For illustration purposes, a preferred specification of the steel wire brush material is given:

Brush filling diameter caliber Pearl length frequency
per inch Covering thickness
between
Pearls Allowed
Pearls
eccentricity Fine, 0.152mm and below
Medium coarse, 0.203 to 0.304 mm ...
Coarse, 0.355-0.889mm ........ 0.508 to
0.762 mm
0.508 to
0.270 mm
1.270 to
1.778 mm 1.19 ± 0.076 mm
1.59 ± 0.381 mm
2.38 ± 0.203 mm 10 to 15
6 to 10
3 V ₂ to 6 0.019 mm
0.025 mm
0.051 mm 0.127 mm
0.254 mm
0.381 mm

The beading material should normally be able to withstand a continuous operating temperature of at least 87.8 ° C and preferably from 93 to 121 ° C. For example, some polyurethanes can also be formulated for temperatures of 150 to 200 ° C. These plastics are preferably self-extinguishing. Non-foamed plastics have tensile strengths of approximately 350 kg / cm ² , while the tensile strength of sufficiently foamed plastics can be only 0.7 kg / cm ² and on the other hand also 85 kg / cm ² . Although non-brittle, elastomeric materials are preferred for forming the beads, other materials, such as drops of solder, can advantageously be applied to the wire bristles for certain purposes.

In a typical embodiment of the invention, a disc brush consisted of an annular one Channel hub with 114 mm diameter, in which the brush material is made by a retaining ring Wire was held in the groove around which the bristles were folded over so that they were radially outward stand out on the outside. The overall diameter of the brush was 317.5 mm and the bristles consisted of 0.300 mm carbon steel covered with polyvinyl chloride and with beads of the same fabric as described above around a brush fill of medium nature to manufacture. The wires were first given a very thin coating of epoxy resin around the polyvinyl chloride bond more firmly. In operation, the brush ran at 1750 rpm and was used to brush steel sheets, like automobile parts, to prepare the surfaces for the subsequent application of vinyl plastic used. The brush was also used to brush rubber items before gluing the same used on other metal and non-metal objects. Also, the brush has been great successful in the processing of steel objects for plating and painting and for Proven to remove burrs. It turned out that the brush according to the invention is made of material Removes workpieces at least 50% faster than the same brush in which the steel bristles are untreated and that despite the rapid cutting effect, the useful life of the brush according to the invention was at least twice as long as that of an untreated brush. This brush is untreated currently a commercially available tool. If a brush of the same diameter and the same Filling length is used with the same wire material that is the same as a plastic covering.

of moderate thickness, the brush produced in this way is not suitable for many of the same brushing operations, because the thickness of the even plastic coating to protect the hard carbon steel wire makes it impossible to achieve the same density of filling in the back of the brush, so that the brush surface is significant is less dense. Efforts to force such a brush to do the same amount of work as that Brush according to the invention described above required the use of excessive Pressure on the brushes and led to their rapid collapse. When using non-beaded bristles is also a greater tendency for the bristles to tilt during installation in the back of the brush present, so that not all of the wires actually protrude radially, resulting in optimal brushing performance cannot be achieved.

From the foregoing it is clear that the purpose of the invention is achieved with relative ease can be and that the assembly in the brush production is actually facilitated.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Brush, consisting of a bristle carrier and protruding bristles of non-uniform cross-section attached thereto, characterized in that the individual bristles (3) along their longitudinal extension have thickenings (5, 6, 9) which are separated from one another by unthickened bristle sections (4) are. 2. Brush according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickenings (5, 6, 9) are arranged in the form of pearls on the bristle. 3. Brush according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickenings (5, 6) from with the bristles (3) adhered plastic exist. 4. Brush according to claim 3, characterized in that the plastic is foamed. 5. Brush according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the unthickened Bristle sections between the thickenings (5, 6) are coated with a relatively thin plastic coating (4). 6. Brush according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the plastic polyurethane, Polyurethane rubber, polychloroprene, or an elastomeric material. 7. Brush according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickenings (5 ^ 6, 9) on bristles (3) made of wire, tampico fibers, glass fibers or plastic fibers are arranged. 8. Brush according to claim 7, characterized in that the entirety of the bristles (3) from a mixture of wire bristles with thickening and tampo bristles without thickening consists. 9. Brush according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bristles (3) with the thickenings (5, 6, 9) hi a body made of preferably foamed material (7, 8) are partially or almost completely embedded. 10. Brush according to claim 9, characterized in that only in the vicinity of the bristle carrier (1) hanging parts of the bristles (3) are embedded in the elastomeric material (7, 8). Considered publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2207157. 1 sheet of drawings © 209 710/3 11.62