DE1132940B - Thermoelectric cascade to utilize the Peltier effect - Google Patents
Thermoelectric cascade to utilize the Peltier effectInfo
- Publication number
- DE1132940B DE1132940B DEL38575A DEL0038575A DE1132940B DE 1132940 B DE1132940 B DE 1132940B DE L38575 A DEL38575 A DE L38575A DE L0038575 A DEL0038575 A DE L0038575A DE 1132940 B DE1132940 B DE 1132940B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- cascade
- coldest
- stages
- thermoelectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
- G01S11/10—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using Doppler effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
- G01S13/345—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal using triangular modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/36—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Description
Bei der Ausnutzung des Peltier-Effektes mit Thermoelementen ist es bekannt, zwecks Erreichung größerer Temperaturdifferenzen mehrere Thermoelemente thermisch in zwei oder mehreren Stufen hintereinander zu schalten, so daß die warmen Kontaktstellen der kälteren Stufe durch die kalten Kontaktstellen der wärmeren Stufe rückgekühlt werden.When using the Peltier effect with thermocouples, it is known to achieve greater Temperature differences between several thermocouples in two or more stages to switch one behind the other, so that the warm contact points of the colder stage through the cold contact points the warmer level can be re-cooled.
Es war zu diesem Zweck bekannt, wie in der Fig. 1 dargestellt, die einzelnen Elemente der Stufen mittels der Isolierschichten 1 und 2 elektrisch zu iso-Heren und über einen Wärmeleitkörper 3 thermisch hintereinander zu schalten. Unabhängig davon, ob man, wie in der Fig. 1 dargestellt, die Stufen aus verschiedenen Gleichstromquellen speiste oder sie elektrisch in Reihe schaltete, immer wurde der kaiteren Stufe über mindestens eine der Zuleitungen parasitäre Wärme zugeführt, deren Wiederabfuhr die nutzbare Kälteleistung der Kaskade verminderte.It was known for this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, the individual elements of the stages electrically to iso-Heren by means of the insulating layers 1 and 2 and thermally via a heat-conducting body 3 to switch one after the other. Regardless of whether, as shown in FIG. 1, the stages Feeding various direct current sources or connecting them electrically in series, the kaiteren always became Stage parasitic heat is supplied via at least one of the supply lines, the re-dissipation of which the usable cooling capacity of the cascade decreased.
Bei der ebenfalls bekannten Ausführungsform nach der Fig. 2 wurde die erste Stufe als Spannungsteiler verwendet, über dem die zum Betrieb der zweiten Stufe erforderliche Betriebsspannung abgegriffen wurde. Diese Ausführung hat den Nachteil, daß die Schenkel in jeder Stufe anders dimensioniert werden mußten, was sowohl die Lagerhaltung als auch die Fabrikation komplizierte. Zudem bestand die zusätzliche Schwierigkeit, daß infolge des im Betrieb notwendig auftretenden Temperaturgefälles zwischen den einzelnen Bauteilen nicht unbeträchtliche mechanische Spannungen auftraten, die einen zusätzlichen Aufwand erforderlich machten.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, which is also known, the first stage was used as a voltage divider used, above which the operating voltage required to operate the second stage is tapped became. This design has the disadvantage that the legs are dimensioned differently in each stage had to, which complicated both storage and manufacture. In addition, there was the additional Difficulty that as a result of the necessary temperature gradient between the operation not inconsiderable mechanical stresses occurred in the individual components, which resulted in an additional Required effort.
Ferner sind Ausführungsformen bekannt, bei denen die parasitäre Erwärmung besonders hoch ist, da die Zuleitungen von einer warmen Kontaktstelle der wärmeren Stufe zu einer kalten Kontaktstelle der kälteren Stufe führt. Die Zuleitungen sind hierbei besonders ungünstig geführt und überbrücken das größtmögliche Wärmegefälle zwischen zwei benachbarten Stufen und stellen somit einen thermischen Kurzschluß dar.Furthermore, embodiments are known in which the parasitic heating is particularly high, because the supply lines from a warm contact point of the warmer level to a cold contact point of the leads to a colder level. The supply lines are particularly poorly routed and bridge this largest possible heat gradient between two adjacent stages and thus represent a thermal Short circuit.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine thermoelektrische Kaskade zur Ausnutzung des Peltier-Effektes, deren Stufen elektrisch gegeneinander isoliert, aber in gutem thermischem Kontakt miteinander stehen, bei der außer der kältesten Stufe jede Stufe elektrisch in zwei Teile unterteilt ist, und zwar derart, daß alle Teilstufen und die kälteste Stufe von ein und demselben Betriebsstrom in dem Sinne durchflossen werden, daß der Strom zunächst den einen Teil der wärmsten Stufe, sodann den einen Teil der nächstkälteren Stufe und so fort bis zur kältesten Stufe, sodann von der kältesten Stufe her den an-Thermoelektrische Kaskade zur Ausnutzung des Peltier-EffektesThe subject of the present invention is a thermoelectric cascade for utilizing the Peltier effect, the stages of which are electrically isolated from one another, but in good thermal contact with one another in which, apart from the coldest stage, each stage is electrically divided into two parts, namely in such a way that all sub-stages and the coldest stage flowed through by one and the same operating current in the sense be that the current first one part of the warmest stage, then one part of the next colder level and so on up to the coldest level, then from the coldest level the on-thermoelectric level Cascade to utilize the Peltier effect
Anmelder:Applicant:
Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs -G. m. b. H.,
Frankfurt/M., Theodor-Stern-Kai 1Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs -G. mb H.,
Frankfurt / M., Theodor-Stern-Kai 1
Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Birkholz, Frankfurt/M.,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenDr. rer. nat. Ulrich Birkholz, Frankfurt / M.,
has been named as the inventor
deren Teil der nächstwärmeren Stufe und so fort bis zum anderen Teil der wärmsten Stufe durchfließt, und diese thermoelektrische Kaskade unterscheidet sich von den bisher bekannten gemäß der Erfindung dadurch, daß die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Stufen der Kaskade jeweils zwischen einer kalten Endkontaktstelle der wärmeren Teilstufe und einer warmen Endkontaktstelle der kälteren Teilstufe oder der kältesten Stufe angeordnet ist.the part of which flows through the next warmer stage and so on to the other part of the warmest stage, and this thermoelectric cascade differs from those previously known according to the invention in that the electrical connection between the individual stages of the cascade is between a cold end contact point of the warmer sub-stage and a warm end contact point of the colder one Sub-stage or the coldest stage is arranged.
Aus elektrischen und thermischen Symmetriegründen empfiehlt es sich, jede Stufe außer der kältesten Stufe in elektrisch gleiche Teile zu unterteilen.For reasons of electrical and thermal symmetry, it is advisable to use every stage except the coldest Subdivide stage into electrically equal parts.
Bei der Kaskade nach der Erfindung ist die parasitäre Erwärmung der kälteren Stufen durch die wärmeren Stufen über die elektrischen Zuleitungen auf ein Mindestmaß herabgedrückt. Alle Stufen der Kaskade werden von einem gleich starken Strom durchflossen und können gleichmäßig dimensioniert werden, und zudem sind thermisch bedingte mechanische Vorspannungen leichter zu vermeiden, als bei anderen Ausführungsformen. Dies ist besonders dann der Fall, wenn die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Teilen durch flexible Leitungen, vorzugsweise Kabellitzen, hergestellt ist.In the cascade according to the invention, the parasitic heating of the colder stages is caused by the warmer ones Steps over the electrical supply lines pushed down to a minimum. All levels of Cascades are traversed by an equally strong current and can be dimensioned evenly and thermally induced mechanical preloads are easier to avoid than with other embodiments. This is especially the case when the electrical connection between the individual parts is made by flexible lines, preferably cable strands.
Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigten in z. T. schematischer Darstellung eine zweistufige thermoelektrische Kaskade gemäß der Erfindung. Mit 4 ist ein Wärmeaustauscher an der warmen Seite der Kaskade bezeichnet, der durch eine sehr dünne elektrisch isolierende aber thermisch möglichst hochleitende Isolierschicht 5 von den Thermoelementen der ersten Stufe isoliert ist. Die Zuführung des erforderlichen Betriebsstroms erfolgt über die Leitungen 6 und 7, die an warmen Endkontaktstellen der ersten, wärmeren Stufe liegen.3 and 4 showed in z. T. schematic representation of a two-stage thermoelectric cascade according to the invention. 4 with a heat exchanger on the warm side of the cascade is designated, which is insulated from the thermocouples of the first stage by a very thin, electrically insulating but thermally highly conductive insulating layer 5. The required operating current is supplied via lines 6 and 7, which are located at the warm end contact points of the first, warmer stage.
209 619/78209 619/78
Die erste Stufe ist gemäß der Erfindung in zwei Teile unterteilt, die im Beispiel je 3 Schenkel umfassen. Über die jeweils kalten Endkontaktstellen 8 und 9 der ersten Stufe erfolgt die Stromzufuhr zur zweiten kälteren Stufe an deren warmen Endkontaktstellen. Thermisch steht die zweite Stufe über einen Wärmeleitkörper 10, aber elektrisch durch die Isonerschichten 11 und 12 isoliert, mit der ersten Stufe in Kontakt. Für die Stromzuführung sowohl bei den Leitungen 6 und 7 als auch zwischen den Stufen wird mit Vorteil Kabellitze 13 verwendet, die mechanische Vorspannung aufnehmen kann und die hohen Betriebsströme zu führen vermag.The first stage is according to the invention in two parts divided, each comprising 3 legs in the example. Via the respective cold end contact points 8 and 9 In the first stage, the power is supplied to the second, colder stage at its warm end contact points. The second stage is thermally through a heat conducting body 10, but electrically through the insulating layers 11 and 12 isolated, in contact with the first stage. For the power supply both for the lines 6 and 7 as well as between the stages, cable strand 13 is advantageously used, the mechanical Can absorb bias and can carry the high operating currents.
Claims (3)
USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 734 344.Considered publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2,734,344.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEL38575A DE1132940B (en) | 1955-08-01 | 1961-03-28 | Thermoelectric cascade to utilize the Peltier effect |
GB7646/62A GB928878A (en) | 1961-03-28 | 1962-02-27 | Improvements relating to thermo-electric cascade arrangements |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEH24570A DE1082945B (en) | 1955-08-01 | 1955-08-01 | Method for determining the distance between reflecting surfaces by means of a variable wavelength of the transmission oscillation and by means of a phase measuring circuit |
DEL38575A DE1132940B (en) | 1955-08-01 | 1961-03-28 | Thermoelectric cascade to utilize the Peltier effect |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1132940B true DE1132940B (en) | 1962-07-12 |
Family
ID=25979399
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEL38575A Pending DE1132940B (en) | 1955-08-01 | 1961-03-28 | Thermoelectric cascade to utilize the Peltier effect |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1132940B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3125860A (en) * | 1962-07-12 | 1964-03-24 | Thermoelectric cooling system | |
DE1176161B (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1964-08-20 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Multi-stage electrothermal device (cascade) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2734344A (en) * | 1953-05-01 | 1956-02-14 | lindenblad |
-
1961
- 1961-03-28 DE DEL38575A patent/DE1132940B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2734344A (en) * | 1953-05-01 | 1956-02-14 | lindenblad |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3125860A (en) * | 1962-07-12 | 1964-03-24 | Thermoelectric cooling system | |
DE1176161B (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1964-08-20 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Multi-stage electrothermal device (cascade) |
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