DE1130225B - Fuel for running in hydrocarbon-based internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

Breaking in internal combustion engines has always been a problem. For gasoline engines and small ones Diesel engines, such as those used e.g. B. are installed in road vehicles, so far has not been a satisfactory one Method developed for rapid break-in, and due to the engine break-in under normal The time required for operating conditions is usually for the engine or vehicle manufacturer economically impractical to break in the engine before the vehicle leaves the factory.

During the break-in of the engine, it is important that its speed is below a certain limit Value remains. Furthermore, it must be run in until the oil consumption has reached a constant value has decreased. This may take more than 10 hours. If these regulations are not observed is causing serious damage to the engine, especially the piston rings and cylinder walls calculate.

For larger diesel engines, i. H. those with medium and low speeds, it is common to use the Run in the engine before using it in normal operation. The only one technically applied The method for accelerating the break-in of such engines is to use the combustion air to generate a to introduce naturally occurring volcanic ash into the cylinder. This ash acts as an abrasive and in this way quickly removes the unevenness on the piston rings and cylinder wall. These However, the method has a number of disadvantages. For example, the amount and consistency of the dem Material fed to the cylinder must be carefully monitored, otherwise serious damage may occur. Furthermore, the method is not always applicable to multi-cylinder engines.

It has now been found that piston engines can be run in quickly and effectively, if the engine is operated briefly with a fuel that contains a special additive.

The fuel mixture suitable for running in internal combustion engines according to the invention consists essentially of a fuel suitable for operating the respective engine, e.g. B. gasoline or diesel oil, and a small amount dissolved therein, preferably 0.1 to 5 percent by weight, e.g. B. 0.25 to 2.5 percent by weight, of an oil-soluble aluminum compound which can be converted into the oxide by heating. The term "oil-soluble" is used here in the sense that the compound must be able to remain in stable suspension in the fuel and not break in during storage
of internal combustion engines
based on hydrocarbons

Applicant:

The British Petroleum Company Limited,
London

Representative: Dr.-Ing. A. v. Kreisler,

Dr.-Ing. K. Schönwald and Dr.-Ing. Th. Meyer,

Patent attorneys, Cologne, Deichmannhaus

Claimed priority:
Great Britain January 14, 1959 (No. 1361)

Jorace John Eatwell and Stanley Thomas Walker, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex (Great Britain),

have been named as inventors

may divorce. The compound can therefore be present in the fuel in the form of a colloidal suspension.

A preferred class of aluminum compounds is formed by the polymeric organic aluminum compounds of the general formula O _n Al _m X _p , in which X is an acylate radical (ie a group of the formula RCOO - in which R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical), m, η and ρ are integers, where m is not less than 2, m: n is between 0.75: 2.0: 1 and m : ρ is between 0.5: 1 and 3.0: 1. Of course, the acylate groups in any given molecule of the additive can be the same or different.

Additives of the formula (OAlX) ₁₇ in which q is an integer greater than 1, preferably from 2 to 10 and in particular has a value of 3, are preferably used. The acylate radicals are preferably those of the formula RCOO—, in which R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl or aryl radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the acylate groups derived from benzoic or salicylic acid or from aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12 to 20 carbon atoms, ζ. Β. Stearic or oleic acid.

209 601/234

The aforementioned polymeric organic aluminum compounds are commonly called polyoxoaluminum acylates designated. You can by heating aluminum alcoholates with water and Carboxylic acids in one or more stages, preferably in an inert, non-volatile diluent, z. B. a light lubricating oil. You can use a different procedure produced by aluminum alcoholates with and when using the fuel D 3 up to 25 times higher than when using D1 fuel.

The degree of piston ring wear when the engine was operated for 2 hours with fuel D 2 corresponded the degree to which the engine can be broken in properly in normal use a fuel, such as Dl, is considered necessary. Requires retraction in the normal way usually about 50 hours. It can therefore be inferred

the engine break-in time
2 hours is shortened.

of 50 hours

Carboxylic acids alone with the release of alcohol are heated by using the additive M and the formation of Acydoxyalummiumalkoholatverbin- in an amount of 1 percent by weight in the fuel fertilize and the latter compounds - - - - are heated further. This procedure is in the
British Patent 806 113.

One of these commercially available additives (hereinafter referred to as additive M) is regarded as a solution of 1 part by weight of a substance of the formula (OAlOOCR ₁ ) J, in which R _{1 is} an oleyl radical, in 1 part by weight of isopropyl oleate. 1 mole part

Aluminum isopropoxide was used with 2 molar parts of technical diesel oil with a boiling range from 195 to Nical oleic acid at one to about 220 ° C rise 3510 C, the 1 percent by weight of additive M entden Temperature implemented. 2 molar parts of isopropanol held operated.

distilled off during the reaction. Towards the end of this period, the oil consumption was about

slight vacuum was applied to the reaction, the same as after about 50 hours of run-in the removal of the last traces of isopropanol from the untreated fuel. This can be

Example 3

A 550 cc single cylinder diesel engine fitted with a new piston liner, new piston, and new rings with a hollow piston and medium speed was 2 hours at 1500 rpm with a commercial

to promote.

Another class of oil-soluble aluminum compounds that are suitable for use in fuel mixtures Suitable according to the invention are the aluminum glycolates.

example 1

concluded that by using 1 percent by weight of the additive M in the fuel the The engine break-in time is reduced from 50 hours to 2 hours.

Example 4

A 1400 cc single-cylinder diesel engine with a polished piston liner, new piston and new rings with hollow piston and medium

A 500 cc single cylinder gasoline engine equipped with a radioactive piston ring,

was with a commercially available motor gasoline ₃₅ speed was 2 hours with gradually increasing (boiling range 42.5 to 164 ° C), the 2 weight loads and speeds up to the maximum percent of the additive M was operated. Overall rated power of the motor (braking force at 1500 rpm driving, the engine was at a speed of 1200 kgm / sec) with a commercial diesel-1500 rpm, as well normal rotational speed for switching _sto a boiling range of 195 fF to 351 ° C, driving such an engine is considered. The ₄₀ 0.5 percent by weight of the additive M contained, using the piston rings (measured on the basis of the
radioactive material) was steady and 2000 times so
as high as the rate of wear during operation
of the engine under the same conditions as the
same gasoline that does not contain the additive M. ₄₅
This result shows that by using

A 3400 cc single cylinder diesel engine with a new piston liner, new pistons and new piston rings The medium speed plunger piston, such as that used for large earth moving machines, was gradual for 2 hours increasing loads and speeds up to a braking force at 1000 rpm of 1500 kgm / sec a commercially available diesel fuel (boiling range

After this period of operation, the oil consumption was similar to that after running in for an hour after the usual methods.

Example 5

tion of the additive M in the fuel significantly accelerates the running-in of a gasoline engine would.

Example 2

A 550 cc single cylinder diesel engine with hollow pistons and medium speed, which was equipped with a radioactive piston ring, was respectively

Operated for 2 hours with the following fuels: ₅₅ 195 to 351 ° C), which contained 2 percent by weight of the additive M operated.

After this period of operation, the oil consumption was lower than when using an abrasive powder to speed up the run-in. It is common with this type of engine during the break-in period Use a specific abrasive powder as it can be up to with just running the engine Can take 500 hours before acceptably stable low oil consumption is achieved.

Fuel D1:

Commercially available diesel oil with a boiling range of 195 to 351 ° C

Fuel D 2:

Fuel D1 with 1 percent by weight of additive M

Fuel D 3:

Fuel D1 with 0.5 weight percent of additional material M _fi.

The wear rate of the piston rings when using fuel D 2 was up to 50 times

Example 6

A fast rotating one equipped with a new piston liner, new piston and new rings

250 cc single cylinder plunger piston gasoline engine was 2 hours at gradually increasing speeds and loads up to 2500 rpm and braking force of 3450kgm / sec with a commercial gasoline (boiling range 42.5 to 146 ° C), the 0.5 weight percent Containing additive M operated.

After this period of operation, the oil consumption was only half as high as after 8 hours of running-in the normal method.

IO

Example 7

The engine used in the experiment according to Example 6 was operated under the same conditions however, the gasoline contained 2 percent by weight of the additive M. After this period of operation, the Oil consumption at a fifth of the value after 8 hours of running in after normal Method is obtained.

Example 8

A high-speed one with newly ground piston liners, new pistons and rings 2180 cc four-cylinder gasoline engine with hollow pistons was 2 hours at slowly increasing speeds and loads of up to 3500rpm and braking force of 4500 kgm / sec with a commercially available gasoline (Boiling range 34 to 186 ° C), which contained 0.5 percent by weight of the additive M operated.

After this period of operation, the oil consumption was about the same as it was after 8 hours with normal running-in is achieved.

It will have to be admitted that the short time it takes when using the fuel or the method according to the invention for running in an engine is required, the engine and vehicle manufacturers the running-in of the engines before the engines or vehicles are delivered is made much easier and makes it more economical.

The effect of using the above-described polymeric organic aluminum compounds as additives in fuels for internal combustion engines is very surprising as the same additives when used in lubricants for the cylinders of high-sulfur fuels powered diesel engines are used very effectively in conjunction with those normally used reduce cylinder wear that occurs with these fuels. It is believed that the effect of Additives when used in fuels are based on the fact that among the during the combustion of the The conditions prevailing in the engine cylinders transform the aluminum compounds into one Disintegrate form of aluminum oxide with a high abrasive effect.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Fuel for running in internal combustion engines based on hydrocarbons, characterized by a low content of an organic aluminum compound dissolved in the fuel base, which can be converted into aluminum oxide at the operating temperature of the engine. 2. Fuel according to claim 1, characterized by a content of 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.25 to 2.5 percent by weight of the total fuel of the aluminum compound. 3. Fuel according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the aluminum _{compound is a polymeric organic aluminum compound of the general formula O “Al m} X _p , in which X is an acylate radical, m, η and ρ are integers, where m is not smaller than 2 and m: n is between 0.75: 1 and 2: 1 and m: p between 0.5: 1 and 3: 1. 4. Fuel according to claim 3, characterized in that the polymeric organic aluminum compound has the general formula (O Al X) ", in which q is an integer greater than 1, preferably 2 to 10 and in particular 3. 5. Fuel according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the acylate radical in the Aluminum compound has the general formula RCOO—, in which R is a saturated or denotes unsaturated alkyl or aryl radical with 6 to 30 carbon atoms. 6. Fuel according to claim 5, characterized in that the acylate radical in the aluminum compound a radical of benzoic or salicylic acid or an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular Stearic-T or oleic acid. References considered: U.S. Patent No. 2,798,797. © 209 601/234 5.62