DE1129294B - Process for planimizing line-delimited areas - Google Patents
Process for planimizing line-delimited areasInfo
- Publication number
- DE1129294B DE1129294B DEF29300A DEF0029300A DE1129294B DE 1129294 B DE1129294 B DE 1129294B DE F29300 A DEF29300 A DE F29300A DE F0029300 A DEF0029300 A DE F0029300A DE 1129294 B DE1129294 B DE 1129294B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- line
- pulse
- planimizing
- pulses
- curve line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/32—Transforming one recording into another or one representation into another
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
- G01B11/285—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas using photoelectric detection means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D1/00—Measuring arrangements giving results other than momentary value of variable, of general application
- G01D1/04—Measuring arrangements giving results other than momentary value of variable, of general application giving integrated values
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Planimetrieren linienbegrenzter Flächen Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Planimetrieren linienbegrenzter Flächen, bei dem die auszumessende Fläche unter Überfahrung der Flächenbegrenzungen streifenweise abgetastet wird und die Streifenlängen zwischen den Begrenzungslinien der Fläche als Anzahl der Schwingungen einer Normalfrequenz dargestellt und in dieser Form addiert werden.Method for Planimizing Line-Bounded Areas The invention relates to a method for planimetrizing line-delimited areas in which the The area to be measured is scanned in strips while driving over the boundaries of the area and the strip lengths between the boundary lines of the surface as a number of the vibrations of a normal frequency are represented and added in this form.
Mittels der bekannten Verfahren dieser Art kann man eine unregelmäßige Fläche planimetrieren, die von Kurvenlinien begrenzt ist, jedoch ist es nicht möglich, die Fläche, die zwischen der Mittellinie einer flächigen Kurvenlinie und der Nullinie eines Registrierstreifens liegt, zu bestimmen. Eine flächige Kurvenlinie kommt häufig bei Registrierstreifen von Meßschreibern, wie z. B. bei Energiediagrammen vor, wobei die Kurvenlinien manchmal bis zu 100/o der Gesamtbreite des Registrierstreifens verschmiert sind. By means of the known methods of this type, an irregular Planimize the surface that is bounded by curved lines, but it is not possible to the area between the center line of a flat curve line and the zero line of a registration strip is to be determined. A flat curve line is common for recording strips of measuring recorders, such as. B. in energy diagrams, where the curved lines sometimes up to 100 / o of the total width of the registration strip are smeared.
Die Messung der Fläche unterhalb der Kurvenlinie ist dann mit einem entsprechend großen Fehler behaftet. Um diesen Fehler zu vermeiden, müßte man als Ordinatenwert diejenige Strecke messen, die von der Nullinie bis zur jeweiligen Mitte der Kurvenlinie reicht, was aber nicht möglich ist, da für die Mitte der flächigen Kurvenlinie keine durch Lichtimpulse zu gewinnenden Informationen erhältlich sind.The measurement of the area below the curve line is then with a accordingly afflicted with large errors. To avoid this mistake, one would have to use a Ordinate value measure the distance from the zero line to the respective The middle of the curve line is sufficient, but this is not possible as it is for the middle of the flat Curve line no information to be obtained by light pulses is available.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Meßschwierigkeiten dadurch behoben werden können, daß erfindungsgemäß gleichzeitig die der Breite der Begrenzungslinien entsprechenden Streifenlängen als Anzahl der Schwingungen der halben Normalfrequenz darstellt und zu der mit der Normalfrequenz ermittelten Anzahl der Schwingungen addiert werden. It has now been found that this eliminates these measuring difficulties can be that according to the invention at the same time the width of the boundary lines corresponding strip lengths as the number of oscillations of half the normal frequency and to the number of oscillations determined with the normal frequency can be added.
Geeignete Mittel hierfür sind dem Fachmann geläufig. Suitable means for this are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
Beispielsweise wird die aus den Lichtinformationen gewonnene Impulsreihe, die die Ordinatenwerte der Strecken: Nullinie bis Kurvenlinie, Kurvenlinienbreite, Kurvenlinie bis Vollausschlag und Rücklaufimpuls enthält, einem Diskriminator zugeführt, der durch einen einstellbaren Pegel die Störungen von der Impulsreihe trennt, die Impulsreihe in einer Phasenumkehrstufe in zwei um 1800 gegeneinander phasenverschobene Impulsreihen umwandelt, die zwei Impulsreihen differenziert, sie je einem bistabilen Multivibrator zuführt, je zwei der aus den bistabilen Multivibratoren gewonnenen vier Impulsreihen in »Tor«-Schaltern kombiniert und die daraus gewonnenen Impulse, die den gesuchten Ordinatenwerten entsprechen, weiteren »Tor«-Schaltern zuführt, die von Impulsoszillatoren gesteuert werden. For example, the series of pulses obtained from the light information, the ordinate values of the routes: zero line to curve line, curve line width, Curve line up to full deflection and return pulse, fed to a discriminator, which, by means of an adjustable level, separates the disturbances from the pulse train that Pulse series in a phase reversal stage in two phase shifted by 1800 against each other Converts series of pulses that differentiates two series of pulses, each one bistable Multivibrator supplies, two each of the obtained from the bistable multivibrators four series of impulses combined in »gate« switches and the impulses obtained from them, which correspond to the ordinate values sought, are fed to further "gate" switches, controlled by pulse oscillators.
Um die Strecke Nullinie bis Mitte Kurvenlinie zu messen, wird derjenige »Tor«-Schalter, der mit dem die Kurvenlinienbreite enthaltenden Impuls gesteuert wird, mit der halben Impulsfrequenz des »Tor«-Schalters für die Strecke Nullinie bis Kurvenlinie getastet. Auf diese Weise wird zu der Strecke Nullinie -Kurvenlinie die halbe Breite der Kurvenlinie hinzugefügt. To the distance zero line to the middle of the curve line measure will be the one "Gate" switch, which is controlled with the impulse containing the width of the curve line with half the pulse frequency of the "gate" switch for the zero line distance scanned up to the curve line. In this way, the route becomes the zero line curve line added half the width of the curve line.
In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes schematisch dargestellt. Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing shown schematically.
Abb. 1 zeigt die zu messende Fläche, z. B. ein Registrierstreifen 7 eines Meßwertschreibers, Abb. 2 ein Blockschaltschema der elektrischen Vorrichtung, mit der die Impulsinformationen ausgewertet werden, Abb. 3 den Impulsplan, nach welchem die elektrische Vorrichtung nach Abb. 2 arbeitet. Fig. 1 shows the area to be measured, e.g. B. a recording strip 7 of a recorder, Fig. 2 a block diagram of the electrical device, with which the pulse information is evaluated, Fig. 3 the pulse plan, according to which the electrical device according to Fig. 2 works.
Im einzelnen bedeuten in Abb. 1 der Buchstabe den Abstand von der Nullinie 7 a bis zur Grenze der Kurvenlinie k, b die Breite der Kurvenlinie quer zur Nullinie 7 a. Der Registrierstreifen7 wird mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit in Richtung des Pfeiles p vorwärts bewegt, während der Lichtpunkt des über dem Streifen 7 befindlichen Abtastgerätes (s. Abb. 2) sich mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit quer zur Fortbewegungsrichtung des Streifens7 über die Gesamtbreite des Streifens bewegt. list der Weg, den der Lichtpunkt macht, 2 und 3 (Abb. 2) kennzeichnen die Frequenzteiler, die von dem Quarzoszillator 1 gesteuert werden und einerseits die Synchronisierimpulse für den Abtastsägezahngenerator 4 und den Antrieb 8 und andererseits die halbe Impulsfrequenz zur Steuerung des »Tor«-Schalters 22 liefern. Der die Kurve abtastende Lichtpunkt wird in der Lichtpunktabtaströhre 6 erzeugt und mit Hilfe der über die Zuleitung 5 aus dem Sägezahngenerator4 kommenden Sägezahnimpulsen linienförmig abgelenkt. Die Abtaströhre 6 liefert rechteckige Lichtimpulse 6' (Abb. 3). In detail, the letters in Fig. 1 mean the distance from the Zero line 7 a to the limit of the curve line k, b the width of the curve line across to zero line 7 a. The recording strip7 is moved at a constant speed in Direction of arrow p moves forward while the point of light is above the strip 7 located scanning device (see Fig. 2) transversely at constant speed moved to the direction of movement of the strip7 over the entire width of the strip. list the path that the point of light makes, 2 and 3 (Fig. 2) mark the frequency dividers, which are controlled by the crystal oscillator 1 and on the one hand the synchronization pulses for the scanning sawtooth generator 4 and the drive 8 and on the other hand half the pulse frequency to control the "gate" switch 22 deliver. The who Curve scanning Light point is generated in the light point scanning tube 6 and with the help of the Line 5 from the sawtooth generator4 coming sawtooth pulses deflected linearly. The scanning tube 6 delivers rectangular light pulses 6 '(Fig. 3).
Die vom Streifen 7 reflektierten Lichtimpulse werden in einem Photovervielfacher 10 (Abb. 2) in elektrische Impulse 11' (Abb. 3) umgewandelt und in dem Verstärker 11 verstärkt. Die in dem reflektierten Licht enthaltenen Zeit- und Amplitudeninformationen bestehen aus der Rauschspannung des Photovervielfachers, den Störungen in dem Lichtsignal der Kathodenstrahlröhre und den nicht nutzbaren Reflexionen vom Papier des Registrierstreifens (z. B. Kurvenlinie). In einem Schmitt-Diskriminator 12, 12a trennt man die nutzbaren Signale von den nicht nutzbaren Störungen (s. Abb. 3, Ziff. 11). Die gewonnenen steilen Rechteckimpulse 12' und 12a' (Abb. 3), welche also die Strecken a und b (Abb. 1), die Dunkelzeit des Rücklaufs des Abtasters und die Gesamtbreite der abgetasteten Fläche darstellen, liegen danach sowohl in positiver als auch in negativer Polarität vor. Nach Verstärkung in den Verstärkern 13 und 14 (Abb. 2) werden beide Impulsfolgen Differenziergliedern 13 a und 14 a zugeführt. Die differenzierten Impulsfolgen 13 a' und 14a' (Abb. 3) stoßen je eine Flip-Flop-Stufe 15, 16 bzw. 17, 18 an (Abb. 2). The light pulses reflected from the strip 7 are in a photomultiplier 10 (Fig. 2) converted into electrical impulses 11 '(Fig. 3) and in the amplifier 11 reinforced. The time and amplitude information contained in the reflected light consist of the noise voltage of the photomultiplier, the disturbances in the light signal the cathode ray tube and the unusable reflections from the paper of the recording strip (e.g. curve line). The usable ones are separated in a Schmitt discriminator 12, 12a Signals from the unusable interferences (see Fig. 3, No. 11). The won steep square-wave pulses 12 'and 12a' (Fig. 3), which thus the distances a and b (Fig. 1), the dark time of the return travel of the scanner and the total width of the scanned Represent area, are then in both positive and negative polarity before. After amplification in amplifiers 13 and 14 (Fig. 2), both pulse trains Differentiators 13 a and 14 a supplied. The differentiated pulse trains 13 a 'and 14a' (Fig. 3) each trigger a flip-flop stage 15, 16 or 17, 18 (Fig. 2).
Die beiden Flip-Flop-Stufen liefern jetzt vier neue Impulsfolgen 15', 16', 17' und 18' (Abb. 3). Die Impulsfolgen 16' und 17' werden einem »Und«-Schalter 19, die Impulsfolgen 16' und 18' einem »Und«-Schalter20 zugeführt, und man erhält zwei neue Impulsfolgenl9' und 20', von denen jede nur noch eine einzige Information enthält, nämlich 19' den Impuls, dessen Dauer der Streckea entspricht, und 20' den Impuls, dessen Dauer der Strecke b entspricht. Die Impulse 19' und 20' steuern die beiden »Tor«-Schalter 21 und 22. Der »Tor«-Schalter 22 wird mit der Hälfte der Impulsfrequenz gespeist, die der »Tor«-Schalter 21 erhält. The two flip-flop stages now deliver four new pulse trains 15 ', 16', 17 'and 18' (Fig. 3). The pulse trains 16 'and 17' become an "and" switch 19, the pulse trains 16 'and 18' are fed to an “and” switch 20, and one obtains two new pulse sequences 19 'and 20', each of which only contains a single piece of information contains, namely 19 ' the pulse, the duration of which corresponds to the distance a, and 20 'den Impulse, the duration of which corresponds to the distance b. The pulses 19 'and 20' control the two "gate" switches 21 and 22. The "gate" switch 22 is set at half the pulse frequency fed, which the "gate" switch 21 receives.
Die von den »Tor«-Schaltern 21 und 22 gelieferten Impulsreihen werden in einer Summierstufe 23 zu einer Impulsreihe 23' (Abb. 3) addiert, deren Impulse für jede Abtastperiode ein Maß für die Strecke b a t 2 und nach Speicherung in dem Zählgerät24 ein Maß für die Fläche unterhalb der Mitte der Kurvenlinie darstellen, die mit konstantem, vom Quarzoszillator 1 synchronisierten Vorschub abgetastet wurde. The series of pulses delivered by the "gate" switches 21 and 22 will be added in a summing stage 23 to a pulse series 23 '(Fig. 3), the pulses for each sampling period a measure for the distance b a t 2 and after storage in the Counting device24 represent a measure for the area below the center of the curve line, which was scanned with a constant feed synchronized by the quartz oscillator 1.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEF29300A DE1129294B (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1959-09-03 | Process for planimizing line-delimited areas |
GB3040460A GB934059A (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1960-09-02 | Trace converter for use in planimetering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEF29300A DE1129294B (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1959-09-03 | Process for planimizing line-delimited areas |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1129294B true DE1129294B (en) | 1962-05-10 |
Family
ID=7093246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEF29300A Pending DE1129294B (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1959-09-03 | Process for planimizing line-delimited areas |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1129294B (en) |
GB (1) | GB934059A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1266515B (en) * | 1963-07-22 | 1968-04-18 | Bayer Ag | Method and device for evaluating curve templates |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2374616A1 (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-07-13 | Lafargue Maurice | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE AREA OF A ZONE OF AN IMAGE BOUNDARED BY A CONTOUR |
GB2143635A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-02-13 | Barron And Mccann Limited | Chart reader |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB732790A (en) * | 1952-05-26 | 1955-06-29 | Tmm Research Ltd | Improvements relating to the analysis of scientific data |
US2756928A (en) * | 1951-10-23 | 1956-07-31 | American Optical Corp | Integrating devices |
GB782751A (en) * | 1954-12-16 | 1957-09-11 | Cinema Television Ltd | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for determining areas |
-
1959
- 1959-09-03 DE DEF29300A patent/DE1129294B/en active Pending
-
1960
- 1960-09-02 GB GB3040460A patent/GB934059A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2756928A (en) * | 1951-10-23 | 1956-07-31 | American Optical Corp | Integrating devices |
GB732790A (en) * | 1952-05-26 | 1955-06-29 | Tmm Research Ltd | Improvements relating to the analysis of scientific data |
GB782751A (en) * | 1954-12-16 | 1957-09-11 | Cinema Television Ltd | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for determining areas |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1266515B (en) * | 1963-07-22 | 1968-04-18 | Bayer Ag | Method and device for evaluating curve templates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB934059A (en) | 1963-08-14 |
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