DE1122715B - Electrolytic reduction cell for the production of aluminum - Google Patents
Electrolytic reduction cell for the production of aluminumInfo
- Publication number
- DE1122715B DE1122715B DEB48787A DEB0048787A DE1122715B DE 1122715 B DE1122715 B DE 1122715B DE B48787 A DEB48787 A DE B48787A DE B0048787 A DEB0048787 A DE B0048787A DE 1122715 B DE1122715 B DE 1122715B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- current
- cell
- carrying elements
- anodes
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/03—Electrodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Verbesserungen bei elektrolytischen Reduktionszellen zur Herstellung von Aluminium. In solchen Zellen fließt der Zersetzungsstrom durch ein geschmolzenes Flußmittel oder einen Elektrolyten zwischen Anode und Kathode. Im allgemeinen ist eine Anzahl von Anoden aus Kohlenstoff in jeder Zelle vorgesehen; die Kathode ist verhältnismäßig groß und wird durch auf dem Boden der Zelle befindliches flüssiges Aluminium gebildet.The invention relates to improvements in electrolytic reduction cells for the production of aluminum. In such cells the decomposition current flows through a molten flux or flux Electrolytes between anode and cathode. In general, a number of anodes are made of carbon provided in each cell; the cathode is relatively large and is carried through on the bottom of the Liquid aluminum located in the cell is formed.
Es wurde bereits früher vorgeschlagen, feste Stromführungselemente, welche im wesentlichen aus der Materialgruppe der Carbide und Boride von Titan, Zirkonium, Tantal und Niob bestehen, als kathodische Stromführungselemente zu benutzen, welche in das flüssige Alumunium hineinragen und es mit dem negativen Pol der Elektrolysenstromquelle verbinden. It has already been proposed earlier to use fixed current-carrying elements, which essentially consist of the material group of carbides and borides of titanium, zirconium, tantalum and niobium, as cathodic To use current-carrying elements, which protrude into the liquid aluminum and it with connect to the negative pole of the electrolysis power source.
Dabei bedeutet der Ausdruck »im wesentlichen«, daß das hierfür verwendete Material wenigstens 90 Gewichtsprozent eines der Materialien der genannten Gruppe enthält. Es wurde ebenfalls bereits vorgeschlagen, solche Stromführungselemente durch die Wand oder den Boden der Zelle hindurchragen zu lassen oder sie an der Innenfläche der Seitenwand der Zelle entlang zu dem flüssigen Aluminium zu führen. Der erste Vorschlag, bei welchem die kathodischen Stromführungselemente durch die Wand oder den Boden der Zelle hindurchragten, hat den Nachteil, daß diese Stromführungselemente nur ersetzt werden können, wenn die Zelle demontiert und wieder aufgebaut wird.The term "essentially" means that the material used for this purpose is at least 90 percent by weight contains one of the materials of the group mentioned. It has also been suggested that to allow such current-carrying elements to protrude through the wall or the floor of the cell or to lead them along the inner surface of the side wall of the cell to the liquid aluminum. Of the first proposal in which the cathodic current-carrying elements through the wall or the floor protruding through the cell has the disadvantage that these current-carrying elements can only be replaced when the cell is dismantled and rebuilt.
Der zweite Vorschlag, bei welchem die Stromführungselemente an der Innenfläche der Seitenwand entlanglaufen, hat den Nachteil, daß der Elektrolyt oder das Flußmittel von den Seitenwänden her erstarrt und eine dickere Kruste an den Ecken der Zelle bildet. Dadurch werden die Stromführungselemente in dem erstarrten Flußmittel eingebettet. Da die Flußmittel dazu neigen, die Stromführungselemente bis zu ihrem Ende hin zu bedecken, wird ein elektrischer Kontakt mit dem flüssigen Aluminium gar nicht oder nur ab und zu hergestellt. Darüber hinaus erzeugt die dickere Kruste an den Ecken der Zelle asymmetrische Druckstellen an diesen Stromführungselementen. Außerdem hindert das Anbringen der Stromführungselemente an den Seiten der Zelle das Auffüllen der Zelle mit Tonerde von der Seite her.The second proposal, in which the current-carrying elements on the inner surface of the side wall running along has the disadvantage that the electrolyte or the flux solidifies from the side walls and forms a thicker crust at the corners of the cell. As a result, the current-carrying elements embedded in the solidified flux. Since the fluxes tend to the current-carrying elements up to to cover their end, an electrical contact with the liquid aluminum will not or will not only made now and then. In addition, the thicker crust at the corners of the cell creates asymmetrical ones Pressure points on these current-carrying elements. It also prevents the attachment of the current-carrying elements on the sides of the cell, filling the cell with clay from the side.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist es, eine verbesserte elektrolytische Reduktionszelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium zu schaffen, die den genannten Nachteilen nicht unterworfen ist.The invention is to provide an improved electrolytic reduction cell for the production of To create aluminum that is not subject to the disadvantages mentioned.
Gemäß der Erfindung enthält eine elektrolytische Reduktionszelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium min-Elektrolytische
Reduktionszelle
zur Erzeugung von AluminiumAccording to the invention, an electrolytic reduction cell for producing aluminum includes a min electrolytic reduction cell
for the production of aluminum
Anmelder:Applicant:
The British Aluminium Company Limited,
LondonThe British Aluminum Company Limited,
London
Vertreter: Dr. K.-R. Eikenberg, Patentanwalt,
Hannover, Am Klagesmarkt 10/11Representative: Dr. K.-R. Eikenberg, patent attorney,
Hanover, Am Klagesmarkt 10/11
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Großbritannien vom 1. Mai 1957 (Nr. 13 948)Claimed priority:
Great Britain May 1, 1957 (No. 13,948)
Charles Eric Ransley, Chesham Bois, BuckinghamCharles Eric Ransley, Chesham Bois, Buckingham
(Großbritannien),
ist als Erfinder genannt worden(Great Britain),
has been named as the inventor
destens ein Paar im Abstand voneinander angeordneter Anoden und mindestens ein kathodisches Stromführungselement, das im wesentlichen in der Mitte zwischen den Anoden angeordnet ist. Jedes der Stromführungselemente besteht dabei in bekannter Weise im wesentlichen aus mindestens einem der Materialien der Gruppe der Carbide und Boride von Titan, Zirkonium, Tantal und Niob.at least one pair of anodes arranged at a distance from one another and at least one cathodic current-carrying element, which is arranged substantially in the middle between the anodes. Each of the current carrying elements consists essentially of at least one of the materials in a known manner the group of carbides and borides of titanium, zirconium, tantalum and niobium.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung bildet jede der beiden Anoden einen Teil einer gesonderten Reihe von Anoden, wobei eine Reihe von kathodischen Stromführungselementen zwischen den Anodenreihen vorgesehen ist. Dabei verlaufen die Anodenreihen und die Stromführungselementenreihe im wesentlichen parallel, wobei die letztere im wesentlichen in der Mitte zwischen den Anodenreihen liegt. Vorteilhafterweise sind die elektrischen Leitungen, welche die Anoden und die kathodischen Stromführungselemente mit dem positiven bzw. negativen Pol der Elektrolysenstromquelle verbinden, so zueinander angeordnet, daß die unter dem Einfluß des durch sie hindurchfließenden Stromes erzeugten magnetischen Felder wenigstens im Innern der Zelle entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind und sich aufheben.According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the two anodes forms part of a separate one Series of anodes, with a series of cathodic current-carrying elements between the Anode rows is provided. The rows of anodes and the row of current-carrying elements run substantially parallel, the latter lying substantially midway between the rows of anodes. The electrical lines, which are the anodes and the cathodic current-carrying elements, are advantageous connect to the positive or negative pole of the electrolysis power source, so to each other arranged that the magnetic generated under the influence of the current flowing through them Fields at least in the interior of the cell are directed in opposite directions and cancel each other out.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend an Hand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Further details and advantages of the invention are given below with reference to the drawings explained.
109 787/346109 787/346
Claims (11)
ordnet. Die Stromführungselemente 6 ragen von dem 30 Die Boride werden den Carbiden vorgezogen, weil oberen Teil der Zelle durch die Kruste 3 und das ge- sie bessere Eigenschaften haben. Ein Vorteil der Boschmolzene Flußmittel hindurch in die Schicht 5 aus ride besteht z. B. darin, daß bei einer Gleichgewichtsflüssigem Aluminium hinein, wobei ihre unteren En- lösung von TiB2 in flüssigem Aluminium sowohl das den sehr nahe an den Boden des Behälters 1 heran- Titan als auch das Bor unterhalb ihrer Sättigungsreichen, jedoch noch etwas von diesem entfernt sind. 35 löslichkeiten vorliegen. Innerhalb eines großen Tem-Sie können aber auch bis zu dem Boden reichen. Drei peraturbereiches gibt das einfache Löslichkeitsprodukt kathodische Stromführungselemente 6 sind zwischen (Ti)x(B)2 = konstant
jedem Paar der einander gegenüberliegenden Anoden 2 angeordnet. Eine Muffe 7 ist an dem Teil jedes die Bedingungen für die Löslichkeit oder Ausscheidung Stromführungselementes 6 vorgesehen, der mit der 40 von Titanborid an. Wie hieraus ersichtlich ist, kann Kruste 3 in Berührung steht. Diese Muffe kann aus ein Auflösen der Stromführungselemente durch Zueinem geeigneten Material, z. B. aus dem gleichen gäbe von Titan und noch wirkungsvoller durch ZuMaterial wie der Behälter 1, bestehen. gäbe von Bor zu der Aluminiumschmelze verhindertTwo parallel 20 and one anode row extending at a distance from one another. The current-carrying elements 6 rows of carbon anodes 2 essentially consist of a material which essentially extends vertically through a crust 3 of the solid group of carbides and borides of titanium, Zir flux in the molten flux or the conium, tantalum and niobium. If a carbide is related electrolyte 4 into it. At the bottom of the container 1, it should have an oxygen content of less than found under the molten flux a 25% by weight, and if a car layer 5 is made of liquid aluminum. Cathodic bid produced current-carrying element has a porosity current-carrying elements 6, which has the shape of round of more than 10 percent by volume, it should have a rod, are in a row between the content of free carbon, the 0.5 Ge anode rows at the same distance of these does not exceed weight percent.
arranges. The current-carrying elements 6 protrude from the 30. The borides are preferred to the carbides because the top part of the cell has better properties due to the crust 3 and that. One advantage of the Bosch molten flux through into the layer 5 from ride consists, for. B. in the fact that at an equilibrium liquid aluminum in, with its lower dissolution of TiB 2 in liquid aluminum, both the titanium very close to the bottom of the container 1 and the boron below their saturation range, but still some of this are away. 35 solubilities are available. But within a large tem- you can also reach down to the floor. The three temperature range gives the simple solubility product. Cathodic current-carrying elements 6 are between (Ti) x (B) 2 = constant
arranged in each pair of the opposing anodes 2. A sleeve 7 is provided on the part of each current-carrying element 6 which meets the conditions for the solubility or precipitation of the titanium boride. As can be seen from this, crust 3 can be in contact. This sleeve can consist of a dissolving of the current-carrying elements by a suitable material, e.g. B. from the same would be made of titanium and even more effective through ZuMaterial as the container 1. would prevent boron from molten aluminum
durch erreicht werden, daß die in der Fig. 2 rechts 65opposite direction flows. This can be B. be there,
can be achieved by the fact that the 65 on the right in FIG
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1396958A GB898449A (en) | 1957-05-01 | 1957-05-01 | Improvements in or relating to electrolytic cells for the production of metals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1122715B true DE1122715B (en) | 1962-01-25 |
Family
ID=10032663
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEB48787A Pending DE1122715B (en) | 1957-05-01 | 1958-05-02 | Electrolytic reduction cell for the production of aluminum |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH370250A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1122715B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1195505A (en) |
GB (1) | GB898449A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH404012A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1965-12-15 | Elektrokemisk As | Arrangement for power supply in a furnace for the melt-electrolytic production of aluminum |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT182530B (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1955-07-11 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Cathode for electrolytic reduction cells for the production of metallic aluminum and the cell equipped therewith as well as process for the production of these cathodes |
-
1957
- 1957-05-01 GB GB1396958A patent/GB898449A/en not_active Expired
-
1958
- 1958-04-30 FR FR1195505D patent/FR1195505A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-05-01 CH CH5901058A patent/CH370250A/en unknown
- 1958-05-02 DE DEB48787A patent/DE1122715B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT182530B (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1955-07-11 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Cathode for electrolytic reduction cells for the production of metallic aluminum and the cell equipped therewith as well as process for the production of these cathodes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH370250A (en) | 1963-06-30 |
GB898449A (en) | 1962-06-06 |
FR1195505A (en) | 1959-11-18 |
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