DE112020006068T5 - WINDOW GLASS SYSTEM AND WINDOW GLASS DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

A window pane system includes a window pane to be mounted on a mobile body; a device disposed on the window pane and comprising an organic element; a temperature sensor designed to detect a glass temperature of the window pane; a temperature and humidity sensor configured to detect a temperature and a humidity in an interior; and a controller including circuitry that determines whether the glass transition temperature exceeds a dew point temperature. When the glass temperature is determined to be lower than or equal to the dew point temperature, an electric heating wire or film attached to the window glass or a defroster is turned on. When the glass temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the electric heating wire or film is turned off, or the defroster is turned off.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a windowpane system and a windowpane device.

STATE OF THE ART

Conventionally, there is a window structure for a transportation vehicle, in which a first window material made of a synthetic resin (glazing), a first intermediate laminated layer made of a polymer material, a second intermediate laminated layer made of a polymer material, a flexible OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) element or display, a third laminated interlayer made of a polymer material, and a second synthetic resin window material made of a synthetic resin are laminated (see, e.g., Patent Document 1 ).

In addition, during a cold winter or in a cold region, there is a problem that snow or ice sticks to a window of a vehicle such as a train, a truck, or a passenger car, or a window of a building, or Frost has formed on it or fogging occurs on it and visibility is obstructed. Therefore, an electrically heated glass or a defroster that flows heated air is used as a heating device for a window glass.

DOCUMENT LIST

PATENT DOCUMENTS

PTL1: Japanese translation of the PCT international application with the publication number JP 2019-509957 T

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

However, with the OLED element incorporated in the conventional window structure for a transportation vehicle, it may be difficult to obtain stable element characteristics such as displaying in a high-temperature environment where the temperature is relatively high.

The conventional window structure for a transportation vehicle has a facility for heating a window glass, but does not specifically control the temperature. Here, this problem in a high-temperature environment is not limited to an OLED, but also includes organic elements made of organic materials.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a windowpane system and a windowpane device in which stable element characteristics of an organic element are obtained even when the windowpane system and windowpane device are provided with a heater for a windowpane.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

According to an aspect of the present invention, a windowpane system includes a windowpane to be mounted on a mobile body; a device disposed on the window pane and including an organic member made of an organic material; a temperature sensor designed to detect a glass temperature of the window pane; a temperature and humidity sensor configured to detect a temperature and a humidity in an interior of the mobile body; and a controller including a circuit that determines whether the glass temperature is a dew point temperature based on the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor and the temperature and humidity in the interior detected by the temperature and humidity sensor exceeds, if the glass transition temperature is determined to be lower than or equal to the dew point temperature, an electric heating wire or a turns on the electric heating film attached to the window glass or a defroster, and when the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a predetermined temperature, turns off the electric heating wire or the electric heating film or turns off the defroster.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a windowpane system and a windowpane device in which stable element characteristics of an organic element are obtained even when the windowpane system and windowpane device are provided with a heater for a windowpane can be provided.

character list

• [ 1 ] 1 12 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle 10 on which a window glass system 100 according to a first embodiment is mounted.
• [ 2 ] 2 12 is a diagram showing an example of the window glass system 100 according to the first embodiment.
• [ 3 ] 3 FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart showing a process that the controller 150C executes.
• [ 4 ] 4 12 is a diagram showing an example of a position of an OLED display 120 according to a variation of the embodiment.
• [ 5 ] 5 12 is a diagram showing an example of a position of the OLED display 120 according to another variation of the embodiment.
• [ 6 ] 6 12 is a diagram showing an example of a position of the OLED display 120 according to another variation of the embodiment.
• [ 7 ] 7 12 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement of a HUD.
• [ 8th ] 8th 12 is a diagram showing another example of the arrangement of the HUD.
• [ 9 ] 9 12 is a diagram showing an example of a window glass system according to a second embodiment.
• [ 10 ] 10 FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart showing the process that the controller 250C executes.
• [ 11 ] 11 12 is a diagram showing an example of a structure of a case 290 and a holder 280 by which an information acquisition device 270 is mounted on a glass main body 111. FIG.
• [ 12 ] 12 12 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the case 290 and the holder 280 by which the information acquisition device 270 is mounted on the glass main body 111. FIG.
• [ 13 ] 13 12 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the case 290 and the holder 280 by which the information acquisition device 270 is mounted on the glass main body 111. FIG.
• [ 14 ] 14 12 is a diagram showing a holder 280M according to a variation of the second embodiment.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiments in which a windowpane system and a windowpane device according to the present invention are applied will be described below.

<First Embodiment>

the 1 12 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle 10 to which a window glass system 100 according to a first embodiment is mounted. For example, the window glass system 100 is mounted on the vehicle 10 as a windshield. The vehicle 10 includes, for example, a Defroster 20. The defroster 20 is an air conditioner that, when activated, flows dehumidified and heated air toward the window glass system 100 to defog.

Here, the vehicle 10 is, for example, an electric vehicle (EV), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV), a hybrid vehicle (HV), a gasoline vehicle, or a diesel vehicle. The vehicle 10 can also be a train or a rail vehicle. The vehicle 10 is an example of a moving body that carries an occupant.

Also, configurations in which the window glass system 100 is mounted on the vehicle 10 are described here, but the window glass system 100 may be mounted on a mobile body other than the vehicle 10 (e.g., an airplane or a helicopter).

the 2 12 is a diagram showing an example of the window glass system 100 according to the first embodiment. the 2 Fig. 12 shows the structure of the windowpane system 100 viewed from the side of the vehicle 10 (see Figs 1 ). The window glass system 100 includes a window glass 110, an OLED display 120, an electric heating wire 130, a switch 140 and a control unit 150 (a temperature sensor 150A, a temperature and humidity sensor 150B and a controller 150C). A power supply 160H is connected to the electric heating wire 130 , and a power supply 160L and an electronic control unit (ECU) 170 are connected to the control unit 150 . Further, the window glass system 100 without the control unit 150 (the temperature sensor 150A, the temperature and humidity sensor 150B, and the controller 150C) is an example of the window glass device.

Here, the windowpane system 100 including the windowpane 110 is described. However, the window pane system 100 may include a glass or pane other than the window pane 110 in place of the window pane.

Hereinafter, the description will be made using an up and down relationship of the window glass system 100 in the state of being mounted on the vehicle 10 .

The window glass 110 has a glass main body 111 . The window pane 110 may further include a ceramic layer 112 . The glass main body 111 may be a laminated glass having an intermediate film sandwiched therein. The ceramic layer 112 is preferably arranged along the periphery of the glass main body 111 on the inside (inside of the vehicle 10 ) of the glass main body 111 .

The ceramic layer 112 is, for example, a dark ceramic paste sintered material formed so that an adhesive is not degraded due to ultraviolet rays in the state where the glass main body 111 is bonded to the vehicle 10 and for improving the appearance of the glass main body 111 from the outside Vehicle 10 so that a connecting portion between the glass main body 111 and the vehicle body is not visible. A central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 in which the ceramic layer 112 is not provided is a transparent portion. When the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass, the ceramic layer is preferably provided to be in contact with the intermediate film or provided on the inner side surface of the glass main body 111 .

The OLED display 120 is provided, for example, on a lower portion of a surface in front of the driver's seat. For example, since the vehicle 10 (cf. the 1 ) here is a right-hand drive vehicle, the OLED display 120 is arranged below the left-side portion of the glass main body 111 when the vehicle 10 is viewed from the front. The left side of the vehicle 10 is the right side of the vehicle 10 in the traveling direction when viewed from the front. When the vehicle 10 is a left-hand drive vehicle, the OLED display 120 may be arranged below the right side portion of the glass main body 111 when viewed from the front of the vehicle 10 . When the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass, the OLED display 120 is preferably sandwiched between interlayer films. For example, the OLED display 120 displays information indicative of vehicle speed and the condition of the vehicle 10 to the driver. The OLED display 120 is not limited to this type of structure, and can display various images, for example. The position and size of the OLED display 120 are not limited to those shown in FIG 2 shown but may be present at any position on the glass main body 111 and may be provided on substantially the entire surface of the glass main body 111 .

The electric heating wire 130 is preferably provided on the inner surface of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 . The electric heating wire 130 is a tungsten conductor, for example, and is connected to a terminal 131 . The electric heating wire 130 can be a silver conductor. The terminal 131 is, for example, a silver foil bus bar that has been printed with silver (Ag). The electric heating wire 130 is provided on the entire area defined by broken lines shown in FIG 2 are shown. The area where the electric heating wire 130 is provided, which is defined by the broken lines shown in FIG 2 1 is an example of the heating area heated by the electric heating wire 130. FIG.

One terminal 131 (on the left in the figure) is connected to a switch 140, and the other terminal 131 (on the right in the figure) is connected to the power supply 160H.

When the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass, the electric heating wire 130 is sandwiched between two glass plates, and is preferably sandwiched between intermediate films bonding the glass plates. The electric heating wire 130 may be provided on the ceramic layer 112 .

In the windowpane system 100 according to the first embodiment, the electric heating wire 130 can be replaced with an electric heating film. The electric heating film is preferably provided on the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 . The electric heating film is an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film, for example, and may be connected to the terminal 131 .

The switch 140 may be provided on the ceramic layer 112 on the inner surface of the glass main body 111 . The switch 140 is inserted in series between a terminal connected to the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film and the ground potential point of the vehicle 10 . The switch 140 is switched between on and off by the control unit 150 . It should be noted that the control unit 150 can turn on or off the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film attached to the window glass 110 without the switch 140 .

The control unit 150 may be provided on the inner surface of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 . The control unit 150 includes a controller 150C, a temperature sensor 150A, and a temperature and humidity sensor 150B. The controller 150C turns the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film attached to the window glass 110 on or off. The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided on one side of the window glass 110 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided on the ceramic layer 112 coated on a surface of the window glass 110 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided under the glass main body 111 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably arranged in the vicinity of the boundary with the ceramic layer 112 on the lower side of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 . The temperature sensor 150A is preferably provided within the area indicated by broken lines in FIG 2 is shown in which the electric heating wire 130 is provided (heating area) to measure the temperature of the glass main body 111 heated by the electric heating wire 130.

The control unit 150 may further include a housing 151 . The case 151 houses the controller 150C, the temperature sensor 150A, and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B inside. The controller 150C, the temperature sensor 150A, and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are supplied with electric power from the power supply 160L. The control unit 150 can be mounted on the ceramic layer 112 . In this case, the case 151 can be fixed on the ceramic layer 112 .

The controller 150C is implemented by a computer (circuit) having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), an internal bus, and includes the like. The controller 150C determines based on the temperature of the glass main body 111 detected by the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity in the interior detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 150B whether the temperature of the glass main body 111 has reached a dew point temperature. When the temperature of the glass main body 111 has reached the dew point temperature, the controller 150C turns on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film. When the temperature of the glass main body 111 exceeds the predetermined temperature, the controller 150C turns off the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film. Hereinafter, the temperature of the glass main body 111 detected by the temperature sensor 150A is referred to as the glass temperature. The content of the control by the controller 150C will be described later.

The controller 150C may be connected to any of a plurality of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) mounted on the vehicle 10 via the ECU 170 via a network. For example, when the controller 150C is connected to an ECU for an air conditioner via the ECU 170, the window glass system 100 can be operated in conjunction with the air conditioner. Further, the power on/off of the entire windowpane system 100 can be enabled by an operation unit of the air conditioner or the like.

The temperature sensor 150A detects a glass temperature. The temperature sensor 150A is preferably in contact with the glass main body 111 . The temperature and humidity sensor 150B detects the temperature and humidity inside. The temperature and humidity sensor 150B may be provided on the glass main body 111, but is more preferably separated from the glass main body 111. As the temperature and humidity sensor 150B, a single chip in which the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are integrated can be used. The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are connected to the controller 150C and output data representing the detected glass temperature, the temperature inside, and the humidity inside to the controller 150C.

Alternatively, instead of the temperature and humidity sensor 150B, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor may be used separately. For example, a thermocouple can be used as the temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside. As the humidity sensor for detecting the humidity inside, for example, a sensor for outputting a resistance value of an element that varies in response to a change in humidity, or a sensor for outputting a capacitance of an element that varies in response to a change in humidity , be used.

The power supply 160H is connected between the other terminal 131 connected to the electric heating wire 130 and the battery and/or a generator of the vehicle 10 so that the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is supplied with power generated by the battery and/or is supplied to the generator. The output voltage of power supply 160H exceeds the output voltage of power supply 160L. The power supply 160H supplies electric power with a voltage of 12 V to the electric heating wire 130, for example.

A power supply 160L is connected between the control unit 150 and the battery and/or the alternator of the vehicle 10 so that electric power is supplied to the control unit 150 from the battery and/or the alternator. The output voltage of the power supply 160L is lower than the output voltage of the power supply 160H, for example 5V.

Next, the on/off control of the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film by the controller 150C will be described.

the 3 FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart showing processing performed by the controller 150C.

The controller 150C starts processing when the current is supplied according to the operation of the ECU 170. FIG.

The controller 150C determines whether the glass temperature exceeds the dew point temperature based on the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity in the interior detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 150B (step S1).

Whether the glass transition temperature exceeds the dew point temperature can be determined based on data expressed as a curve showing a relationship between a glass transition temperature and a saturated water vapor pressure stored in the internal memory of the controller 150C, the detected glass temperature and a saturated water vapor pressure, obtained from the detected temperature and the detected humidity in the inside.

When it is determined that the glass temperature exceeds the dew point temperature (S1: YES), the controller 150C repeatedly performs the process of step S1. When the controller 150C determines that the glass temperature does not exceed the dew point temperature (S1: NO), the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, or the defroster 20 is turned on (step S2), so that the visibility of the glass main body 111 is removed by removing a Misting is improved and the visibility of the OLED display 120 is improved.

The controller 150C determines whether the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor 150A exceeds a temperature Tα (step S3). The controller 150C repeatedly performs the determination process of step S3 until the glass transition temperature exceeds the temperature Tα.

The temperature Tα is 40 °C, for example. The temperature Tα is an upper limit of glass transition temperature for protecting the OLED from heat and an upper limit of a temperature at which the OLED is exposed. Since the OLED display 120 includes an OLED which is an organic element made of an organic material, the glass transition temperature in the light-emitting portion is controlled not to exceed 40°C so that stable element characteristics are obtained will.

When the controller 150C determines that the glass temperature exceeds the temperature Tα (S3: YES), the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off, or the defroster 20 is turned off (step S4). In order to ensure that the glass temperature does not exceed the temperature Tα, the electric heating wire 130, the electric heating film or the defroster 20 is turned off.

When determining that the glass transition temperature does not exceed the temperature Tα (S3: NO), the controller 150C repeatedly performs the process in step S3 until the glass transition temperature exceeds the temperature Tα.

In this way, the series of operations ends. While the power supply of the window glass system 100 is on, the controller 150C repeatedly performs the processes from step S1 to step S4 at a predetermined control cycle.

As described above, according to the embodiment, the control is performed such that it is determined whether the temperature of the glass main body 111 has reached the dew point temperature based on the glass temperature and the temperature and humidity in the inside; and when the temperature of the glass main body 111 has reached the dew point temperature, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on so that it is on, or the defroster 20 is turned on, and when the temperature of the glass main body 111 has exceeded the predetermined temperature, is the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off, or the defroster is turned off.

Therefore, the glass transition temperature can be prevented from increasing, so that stable element characteristics of the OLED display 120 can be obtained.

Accordingly, a windowpane system 100 can be provided in which stable element characteristics of an OLED display 120 including an OLED as an example of an organic element are obtained.

Further, when the temperature of the glass main body 111 reaches the dew point temperature, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, or the defroster is turned on, so that the occurrence of fogging on the glass main body 111 is prevented, whereby visibility of the glass main body 111 is excellent and the visibility of the OLED display 120 is excellent.

A voltage converter may be provided between the electric heating wire 130 and the power supply 160H for limiting the voltage supplied to the electric heating wire 130 to 10V or less. This is due to the fact that the glass transition temperature increases gradually takes place and the glass temperature slightly decreases when the glass temperature reaches 40°C, for example, and the electric heating wire 130 is turned off. The same applies to the electric heating film used in place of the electric heating wire 130 . In the case of the electric heating film, the applied voltage may be limited to 40V or less.

In addition, an electric power density of the electric heating wire 130 may be limited to 400 W/m ² or less. This is because when the glass transition temperature reaches 40°C, for example, and the electric heating wire 130 is turned off, the increase in the glass transition temperature is gradual and the glass transition temperature slightly decreases. The same applies to the electric heating film used in place of the electric heating wire 130 . The power density of the electric heating wire 130 is electric power supplied to the electric heating wire 130 per unit area. In the case of an electric heating film, the power density is the electric current supplied to the electric heating film per unit area.

When the windowpane system 100 includes an OLED display 120 as a device including an organic element, or an optical device of a HUD (“head-up” display), the voltage applied to the electric heating wire 130 may increase 7 V or less, and the power density of the electric heating wire 130 may be limited to 400 W/m ² or less. This is because when the glass transition temperature reaches 40°C, for example, and the electric heating wire 130 is turned off, the increase in the glass transition temperature is gradual and the glass transition temperature slightly decreases. The same applies to the electric heating film used in place of the electric heating wire 130 .

When the heating electric wire 130 is provided in the glass main body 111, a distance between the heating electric wires 130 can be set to be greater than or equal to 3 mm. This is because the glass transition temperature is adjusted not to rise too high by adjusting the distance between the electric heating wires 130 .

When the glass main body 111 is provided with the electric heating wire 130, a line width of the electric heating wire 130 can be set to 25 μm or larger. This is because the glass transition temperature is adjusted not to rise too high by adjusting the line width of the electric heating wire 130 so that an electric resistance of the electric heating wire 130 becomes smaller.

Further, when the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film provided on the glass main body 111 is turned on, a current flowing through the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film may vary periodically. According to the periodic variation of the current at a predetermined percentage of time, when the glass temperature reaches 40°C, for example, and the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off, the glass temperature gradually increases and the glass temperature slightly decreases. In particular, the current is preferably switched off periodically. For example, by repeating on and off every 5 seconds, the power can be turned off periodically.

As described above, the configurations in which the windowpane system 100 used as the windshield of the vehicle 10 includes the OLED display 120 have been shown. However, the OLED display 120 is not limited to a windshield, but may be configured to be mounted on a side window, a rear window, glass roof panel, glass sunroof, or the like, and perform displaying or the like.

In the above description, a form in which the windowpane system 100 includes an OLED as an example of the organic element has been described. However, the organic element incorporated in the windowpane system 100 is not limited to the OLED, and includes, for example, a liquid crystal element, a dimming element, a hologram, an LED sheet, and the like. Therefore, instead of the OLED display 120, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) including a display portion made of an organic material or the like, a dimming display, a HUD, a transparent screen, or the like can be used.

The LCD can be used as a display device comprising a liquid crystal element instead of an OLED, and can be provided on a portion of the glass main body 111, a side glass, a rear glass, a glass roof panel, a glass sunroof, or the like.

The dimming display may include a dimming element that can adjust a transmission amount of light from outside the vehicle into the vehicle by applying a voltage to change a transmittance, and can be mounted on a portion of the glass main body 111, a side window, a rear window, a glass roof panel, a glass sunroof or the like are provided. Suitable dimming elements may include, for example, suspended particle elements and liquid crystal elements.

The HUD can be arranged on a portion of the glass main body 111 or the like as a display device including an organic element. Suitable materials constituting the organic element may include, for example, a laminated resin film formed as a hologram using a liquid crystal element, PET and PEN in addition to dichromated gelatin and a photopolymer; and a polyvinyl butyral resin sheet having a substantially tapered decrease in thickness. The organic member may be provided on a portion of the glass main body 111, a side window, a rear window, a roof panel, a sunroof glass, or the like. The organic element may be a laminated resin film using PET or PEN; or a polyvinyl butyral resin film exhibiting a substantially tapered decrease in thickness.

Further, the transparent screen can be provided on a portion of the glass main body 111, a side window, a rear window, a glass roof panel, a glass sunroof, or the like so that an image output from a projector can be projected while reducing the transmittance to a certain extent is reduced. A suitable organic member for the transparent screen may include, for example, a photosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, silicon oxide obtained by a sol-gel method, and an organic-inorganic hybrid material. Specifically, it includes a polyester resin (PET, polyethylene naphthalate, and the like), a polycarbonate resin, a triacetyl cellulose resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, and an acrylic resin having an irregular structure.

The LED sheet can also be arranged on a portion of the glass main body 111 or the like as a light-emitting device including an organic element. An example is a structure in which an LED is attached with a UV curable resin or the like to a laminated resin film or the like using PET or PEN.

The OLED display 120 is not limited to the structure in which it is provided on a lower portion of a surface in front of the driver's seat as shown in FIG 2 is shown, but it can also be provided in places shown in Figs 4 until 6 are shown. the 4 until 6 show variations in the position of the OLED display 120.

In the 4 until 6 For example, the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 is divided into three areas 50A to 50C in the vertical direction. The area 50A is located in the middle of the three areas 50A to 50C in the vertical directions, the area 50B is located at the upper position, and the area 50C is located at the lower position. A combined area of the area 50A and the area 50C is a driver's viewable area. As an example, the driver's visual range is a range in the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111, which range is within a visual range of an average driver while the vehicle 10 is driving, and does not include the range that the driver by averting his gaze intentionally considered.

The area 50A corresponds to the portion obtained by removing from the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 the area 50B which is hardly observed during operation and the area 50C which is the lowest band-like area of the driver's visual range.

The area 50B is a laterally extending band-like area at the top of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111. The area 50B is, for example, an area that can be viewed by the driver who looks up intentionally while the vehicle 10 is running. The area 50B has a recess 51B. The recess 51B is provided corresponding to a recess 111A0 in the central portion 111A. The recess 111A0 is provided at the center in the lateral direction in the upper side of the central portion 111A and is a part of the upper side of the central portion 111A that is bent downward so that a rearview mirror or a camera that takes an image of the Front of the vehicle 10 detected for automatic braking or automatic operation, circumvented gene. The recess 51B is located above the portion 50B, is located at the center in the lateral direction, and is a part of the upper side of the portion 50B bent downward.

The area 50C is a laterally extending band-like area of the central portion 111A at the bottom of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111. The area 50C is, for example, an area that can be viewed by the driver who looks down intentionally while driving the vehicle 10 drives. The sizes of the glass main body 111 in the vertical direction and the lateral direction vary depending on the type of vehicle 10. Furthermore, the positional relationship between the glass main body 111 and the driver's seat differs depending on the type of vehicle 10. For this reason, although the Distinguishing areas 50A to 50C depending on the type of the vehicle 10, the areas 50A to 50C are arranged in the order of the area 50B, the area 50A and the area 50C from the upper side to the lower side. The area 50A is an area located in the middle of the vertical direction among the areas 50A to 50C.

In the 4 For example, the OLED display 120 is provided in the upper portion 50B of the glass main body 111 . When the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass, the OLED display 120 is preferably sandwiched between interlayer films. The OLED display 120 provided in the area 50B may display traffic signs, signal indicators, information such as the name and height of a mountain, or the like that can be viewed through the glass main body 111 by the occupant regarding the current position or the like for the occupant including the driver. When the OLED display 120 is provided in the area 50B for display in an exterior of the vehicle 10, a message for a pedestrian such as "please cross the road" or the like can be displayed.

In the 5 For example, the OLED display 120 is provided within the area 50C in the lower part of the glass main body 111 . When the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass, the OLED display 120 is preferably sandwiched between interlayer films. The OLED display 120 provided in the area 50C can display at least a piece of indications such as driving directions by the navigation system, road signs, signal indicators, current position information, or the like for an occupant including the driver , Show.

the 6 12 shows four OLED displays 120. The four OLED displays 120 are provided along the edge of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111. FIG. In particular, in the 6 a lower edge portion 111A1 of the central portion 111A, a lower portion 111A2 along the right edge, a right upper edge portion 111A3, and an outer portion 111E of the central portion 111A. Outer portion 111E is outside of central portion 111A and corresponds to recess 111A0 in central portion 111A. The four OLED displays 120 are preferably sandwiched between interlayer films when the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass.

The four OLED displays 120 may display at least a part of indications, such as driving directions by the navigation system, road signs, signal indicators, current position information, or the like, to an occupant including the driver. The sections 11 1A1-1 1 1A3 and 111E are not necessarily provided with the four OLED displays 120, and at least one of the sections 111A1-111A3 and 111E may be provided with the OLED display 120. Also, the four portions 111A1-111A3 and 111E may be linearly symmetric between a right-hand drive vehicle and a left-hand drive vehicle with an axis passing through the center of the vehicle 10 in the longitudinal direction, or they may be provided at the same positions.

Furthermore, although with reference to the 4 until 6 the arrangement of the OLED display 120 has been described, a transparent screen may be provided in place of the OLED display 120. The plurality of sections 111A1-111A3 and 111E can also be provided with the OLED display 120 and a transparent screen as shown in FIG 6 is shown. Furthermore, in the 4 and 5 the OLED display 120 or the transparent screen may be provided over the areas 50A to 50C as shown in FIG 6 is shown.

the 7 and 8th show the arrangement of the HUD 180. In the 7 and 8th the areas 50B and 50D are used for the description. The area 50B is identical to the area 50B as shown in FIGS 4 until 6 is shown. The area 50D is an area in which the area 50A and the area 50C in the 4 until 6 are shown are combined. That is, the area 50D is the driver's viewing area.

Like it in the 7 As shown in FIG. 1, the HUD 180 may be provided over the entire area 50D and may be provided in about half of the area 50D in the lateral direction, as shown in FIG 8th is shown. Because the HUD 180 is in front of the driver's seat, the HUD 180 shown in FIG 8th shown, arranged as an example for a left-hand drive vehicle. For example, the HUD 180 may display at least a piece of indications such as driving directions by the navigation system, road signs, signal indicators, current position information, or the like to an occupant including the driver.

Further, although in the above description the control unit 150 has been described with respect to the shape provided on the inner surface of the glass main body 111, the control unit 150 may be provided on the ceramic layer 112 on the inner surface of the glass main body 111. In this case, since the temperature detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 150B is affected by the black ceramic layer 112, the detected temperature can be converted into a value in the central portion 111A where the ceramic layer 112 is not provided . For example, a conversion formula can be used for conversion.

Further, although the structure has been described in which the controller 150C is incorporated into the control unit 150 and provided on the inner surface of the inside of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111, the position where the controller 150C is provided is not disclosed restricted to this position. For example, the controller 150C may be connected to the temperature and humidity sensor 150B via a cable, and thus may not be connected to the glass main body 111 as appropriate. The controller 150C may also be provided in the middle of a cable connecting the temperature and humidity sensor 150B or the switch 140 and the ECU of the vehicle 10.

Although the structure has been described in which the controller 150C turns on the electric heating wire 130 based on the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 150B, the defroster 20 of the vehicle 10 may be used instead of the electric heating wire 130 or operated in addition to this.

<Second embodiment>

the 9 12 is a diagram showing an example of a window glass system 200 according to a second embodiment. The window pane system 200 includes a window pane 110, an OLED display 120, an electric heating wire 130, a switch 140, a control unit 250 (a temperature sensor 150A, a temperature and humidity sensor 150B and a controller 250C) and an anti-fog film 220.

The windowpane system 200 according to the second embodiment has a configuration in which an anti-fog film 220 is added to the windowpane system 100 according to the first embodiment, and a control unit 250 is included instead of the control unit 150 . For this reason, a description of the components that are identical to the components of the windowpane system 100 according to the first embodiment will be omitted using the same reference numerals. In addition, the differences will mainly be described below.

The anti-fogging film 220 is provided on one side of the window glass 110 . Preferably, the anti-fogging film 220 is provided on the inner surface (inside of the vehicle 10 ) of the central portion 111</b>A of the glass main body 111 . The anti-fogging film 220 has water absorbency. The anti-fogging film 220 preferably contains an absorbent polymer or a hydrophilic polymer so that high water absorbency is achieved. The anti-fog film 220 may be attached to the window glass 110 by a film having an adhesive layer. The anti-fogging film 220 is provided, for example, at a position overlapping the OLED display 120 and the electric heating wire 130 in a plan view.

The control unit 250 can be provided on the inner surface of the inside of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111 . The control unit 250 includes a controller 250C, a temperature sensor 150A, and a temperature and humidity sensor 150B. The control device 250C turns on or off the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film attached to the window glass 110 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided on one side of the window glass 110 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided on a ceramic layer 112 deposited on a surface of the window glass 110 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided in a lower part of the glass main body 111 . The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided outside the anti-fogging film 220 in a plan view. For example, the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided in the vicinity of the boundary with the ceramic layer 112 in the lower part of the central portion 111A of the glass main body 111.

The control unit 250 may further include a housing 151 mounted on the ceramic layer 112 . The case 151 accommodates the controller 250C, the temperature sensor 150A, and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B inside. Electric power is supplied to the controller 250C, the temperature sensor 150A, and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B from a power supply 160L.

The controller 250C is implemented by a computer (circuit) having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), an internal bus, and includes the like.

In the same way as the controller 150C of the first embodiment, the controller 250C performs a control process in which it is determined whether the temperature of the glass main body 111 reaches the dew point temperature, when the temperature of the glass main body 111 reaches the dew point temperature, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, and when the temperature of the glass main body 111 exceeds the predetermined temperature, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off.

The controller 250C further performs the following control process in addition to the control process described above. Based on the temperature of the glass main body 111 detected by the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity in the interior detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 150B, the controller 250C switches the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film on and off after a specified period of time.

Next, a method of determining when the controller 250C turns on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film will be described.

The amount of water that can be absorbed by the anti-fogging film 220 varies depending on temperature and humidity (the amount that saturates the water absorbency (water absorbance saturation amount)). The antifogging film 220 starts fogging when the water absorption exceeds the water amount of absorption saturation. That is, the anti-fogging film 220 can delay the timing of fogging compared to a window glass without the anti-fogging film 220.

When a predetermined time elapses after the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, the controller 250C controls the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film to be turned off. When the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, the glass temperature is increased, moisture contained in the anti-fogging film 220 evaporates, and the amount of water absorbed in the anti-fogging film 220 decreases.

For this reason, the predetermined time from when the controller 250C turns on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film until the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off can be set to a time such that the amount of water, absorbed in the anti-fogging film 220 is not more than a predetermined percentage (e.g., not more than 70%) of the amount before the electric heating wire 130 is turned on.

For example, when the predetermined time is set to a time such that the amount of water absorbed in the anti-fog film 220 is no more than a predetermined percentage (eg, no more than 70%) of the amount before power-on of the electric heating wire 130, in the case when the amount of water absorbed in the anti-fogging film 220 is the maximum amount, for any amount of the absorbed water, fogging of the anti-fogging film 220 can be prevented for some time.

Next, a method of estimating the occurrence of fogging on the anti-fogging film 220 will be described. When estimating the occurrence of fogging on the antifogging film 220, if the relative water absorption coefficient FRH at the outermost surface of the antifogging film 220 is used as an index and not the water absorption state of the entire antifogging film 220, the timing of fogging occurrence even with fluctuating response conditions due to a rapid change in temperature and humidity or under conditions where the moisture absorption rate is stepped at a low temperature.

The moisture diffusion coefficient in the material of the anti-fogging film 220 is a function of temperature, and the diffusion coefficient decreases as the temperature of the glass substrate decreases.

The moisture diffusion coefficient is a function of an activation energy of moisture in the material. The diffusion coefficients at a variety of different temperatures can be determined by measurement methods such as JIS 7209-2000 (ISO 62-1999), Plastic Water Absorption Coefficient.

A rate of moisture absorption at the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 is determined by a difference between a vapor pressure of air having a temperature and humidity and a vapor pressure at the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 having a temperature and moisture absorption rate.

Simply put, a conventional lens without the anti-fog film 220 will fog up when the lens temperature falls below the dew point of air of temperature and humidity. In contrast, on the anti-fog film 220, when the rate of moisture absorption from the air in the interior to the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 is greater than a rate of moisture diffusion from the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 to the interior, even if there is water in the anti-fog film 220 is absorbed, is not saturated, water can become saturated at the outermost surface and fogging can occur.

In general, in the state where the anti-fog film 220 is fogged up, although the relative water absorption coefficient FRH of the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 has almost reached 100%, the relative water absorption coefficient FRH in the film has not reached 100%, and therefore water can be absorbed . Further, in the process of drying the anti-fogging film 220, the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 is dried, however, the relative water absorption coefficient FRH in the film of the anti-fogging film 220 is generally higher than the relative water absorption coefficient FRH at the outermost surface.

In a condition where the humidity inside the vehicle increases sharply due to a large number of occupants getting on the vehicle 10, or in the condition where the water vapor saturation pressure is low due to a low temperature and the moisture absorption rate of the anti-fog film 220 is low, the relative water absorption coefficient FRH in the film can be about 70% even if fogging occurs on the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220.

Before the occupants get on the vehicle 10, the relative water absorption coefficient FRH of the anti-fog film 220 is balanced with the humidity of the air in the interior. That is, the water vapor pressure of the anti-fog film 220 is identical to the water vapor pressure inside. Further, the water vapor pressure is constant from the outermost surface to the deepest portion of the anti-fog film 220 . Even if the glass transition temperature differs from the temperature in the interior, the water vapor pressure in the film at the glass transition temperature is identical to the water vapor pressure at room temperature.

Based on the discussion described above, the moisture concentration distribution after a time Δt at the outermost surface in the film (inside the film) and at the deepest portion of the anti-fog film 220 is predicted by Fick's law (diffusion equation of a concentration gradient). The moisture concentration distribution is calculated for up to 10 minutes in the case where the conditions (the glass transition temperature, the temperature and the humidity in the interior remain unchanged) remain for 10 minutes, for example.

The relative water absorption coefficient FRH on the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 is monitored, and it is determined that fogging occurs when the relative water absorption coefficient FRH reaches 100%. Here, the relative water absorption coefficient FRH at the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 is obtained by dividing the water absorption mass concentration FD by the saturated water absorption mass concentration FW.

A remaining time to a point where fogging is expected to occur is set to a predetermined remaining time (e.g. 30 seconds), and when the remaining time is zero, the process becomes a mode of drying the anti-fogging film 220 through turning on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film or by causing the air conditioner to introduce outside air.

For example, when the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, the remaining time reaches 10 minutes or more. Therefore, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is left on until the relative water absorption coefficient FRH at the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 reaches the predetermined relative water absorption coefficient (e.g., 80%). When the relative water absorption coefficient FRH at the outermost surface is less than 80%, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off. The same applies to the introduction of outside air using the air conditioner.

Next, occurrence of fogging at the interface between the air in the inside and the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220 will be described. The flow of water vapor at the interface between the air in the inside and the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 is calculated by the following method.

Here, when the gas constant (8.3144598 [J/K/mol]) per mole of water vapor is converted into a value per 1 kilogram, the gas constant R is 461.5149 [J/K/kg] at a molecular weight of water vapor of 18 In this estimation, the specific heat of water is Cw 1007 [J/K/kg], the heat transfer rate H of water vapor in the natural state of convection at room temperature is 4.2 [W/m ² /K], the room temperature is Troom [°C ] and the water vapor pressure in the atmosphere inside the vehicle is ES [Pa].

The air density, pair, is given by the following equation: $$\mathrm{\rho }\text{Air}=\left(1.2923/\left(1+0.00366\times \text{T}\right)\right)\times \left(\left(101325-0.378\times \text{IT}\right)/101325\right)\left[\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right].$$

The empirical equation for the water diffusion coefficient, Dair, of air at atmospheric pressure is given by the following equation: $$\text{Dair}=0.241\times {\left(\left(\text{Dream}+273.15\right)/288\right)}^{1.75}\times {10}^{-4}\left[{\text{m}}^2/\text{s}\right].$$

The thermal diffusion coefficient of air, TDair, is given by the following equation: $$\text{TDair}=\left(0.1356\times \text{Dream}+18.51\right)\times {10}^{-6}\left[{\text{m}}^2/\text{s}\right].$$

The water evaporation rate Hwater, which is the vapor pressure difference on the water surface in no-wind conditions, calculated from the heat transfer rate, is given by the following equation: $$\text{Hwater}=\text{H}\times {\left(\text{Dair}/\text{TDair}\right)}^{\left(2/3\right)}/\left(\text{R}\times \text{cw}\times \left(\text{Dream}+273.15\right)\times \text{Dair}\right)\left[\text{kg}/\text{s}/{\text{m}}^2/\text{father}\right].$$

The relative water absorption coefficient FRH of the anti-fogging film 220 in an equilibrium state with air having a certain relative humidity is approximately equal to the relative humidity of the air. The saturated water vapor pressure of air drops significantly with decreasing temperature, however, the saturated water absorption mass concentration FW of the anti-fogging film 220 is almost constant and only the water vapor pressure falls.

Here, using the relative humidity RH [%] of air and a water vapor saturation pressure EW [Pa], the water vapor pressure ES [Pa] of air in the inside is given by the following equation: $$\text{IT}=\text{EW}\times \text{RH}.$$

In addition, using the water absorption mass concentration FD [kg/m ³ ] of the anti-fog film 220 and the saturated water absorption mass concentration FW [kg/m ³ ] of the anti-fog film 220, the relative water absorption coefficient FRH [%] at the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 is given by the following equation: $$\text{FRH}=\text{FD}/\text{fw}.$$

Further, when the water vapor saturation pressure of air at a temperature of the glass main body 111 is denoted by EWF [Pa], the water vapor pressure Fs of the anti-fog film 220 is given by the following equation: $$\text{Fs}=\text{EWF}\times \text{FRH}\left[\text{PA}\right].$$

A water transmission amount FWS (flowing water surface) at the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 [kg/m ² /s] is given by the following equation: $$\text{FWS}=\left(\text{IT}-\text{FS}\right)\times \text{Hwater}.$$

The moisture diffusion absorption D [m ² /s] in the film of the anti-fogging film 220 can be obtained in the following manner. Using the diffusion activation coefficient α of water vapor at the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220, the gas constant R (= 461.5149) [J/K/kg], the moisture activation energy in the film eFilm (= 2.8 × 10 ⁶ ) [J] and the glass transition temperature Tg [K], the moisture diffusion coefficient D results from the following equation: $$\text{D}=\mathrm{a}\times \text{ex}\left(-\text{eMovie}/\text{R}/\left(\text{day}+273.15\right)\right).$$

$$\partial \text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial \text{t}=\text{D}\times \partial 2\text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial {\text{x}}^2\left(0<\text{x}<\text{d}\right)$$

$$\partial \text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial \text{x}=0\left(\text{x}=\text{d}\right).$$

A non-stationary analysis for the water absorption mass concentration distribution FD(x,t) [kg/m ³ ] of the anti-fog film 220 is performed with the difference method using the following diffusion equation: $$\partial \text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial \text{t}=\text{D}\times \partial 2\text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial {\text{x}}^2+\text{FWS}\left(\text{x}=0\right)$$

$$\partial \text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial \text{t}=\text{D}\times \partial 2\text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial {\text{x}}^2\left(0<\text{x}<\text{i.e}\right)$$

$$\partial \text{FD}\left(\text{x}\right)/\partial \text{x}=0\left(\text{x}=\text{i.e}\right).$$

The non-stationary analysis is performed for a dimensionless water absorption volume concentration, U(x,t). The water absorption mass concentration FD(x,t) of the anti-fogging film 220 is given by the following equation, where C is the density of water and is 1000 [kg/m ³ ]: $$\text{FD}\left(\text{x},\text{t}\right)=\text{u}\left(\text{x},\text{t}\right)\times \text{C}\left[\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right].$$

In addition, the non-stationary analysis is performed within the range of a film thickness x to 0 [m] to d [m]. The anti-fogging film 220 is divided equally in the thickness direction. For example, when the thickness of the anti-fogging film 220 is 20 µm, the thickness is divided into 10 sections of 2 µm each from the outermost layer to the lower layer in the thickness direction. FD(x=0,t) is the water absorption mass concentration in the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 which is mixed with air is in contact. FD(x=d,t) is the water absorption mass concentration in the lowest layer that is in contact with the glass main body 111 of the anti-fog film 220 . In the differential analysis, for example, the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0, t) in the outermost layer of the anti-fog film 220 is evaluated for a certain period of time. The time t=0 [s] represents the time for predicting the water absorption mass concentration in the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220.

The non-stationary analysis is preferably performed continuously after the start of the initial analysis.

To solve the diffusion equation, which is a partial differential equation, it is convenient to perform a calculation with the explicit method, using the forward difference in terms of time and the central difference in terms of space, since there is an analytically discrete point, in which fogging occurs in the outermost layer due to water absorption saturation of the film.

The initial water absorption volume concentration U(x,0) [kg/m ³ ] at time t = 0 is U(x,0) = U0 (0 ≤ x ≤ d). The boundary conditions are: A variation of the water absorption volume concentration in the outermost layer U(0,t); and a variation in water absorption volume concentration in the lower layer U(d, t). U0 is an initial uniform equilibrium water absorption volume concentration [kg/m ³ ] in the film.

wobei dx die Dicke zum Dividieren der Filmdicke [m] ist, HWasser die Wasserverdampfungsrate [kg/s/m²/Pa] ist, D der Diffusionskoeffizient in dem Film [m²/s] ist, C die Dichte von Wasser ist und 1000 [kg/m³] beträgt und p die spezifische Wärme von Wasser [J/kg/K] ist.A constraint range of dt for the forward time difference from the formula for the stability of the solution in the explicit method is as follows: $$\text{German}<{\text{dx}}^2/2/\left(\text{Hwater}\times \text{dx}+\text{D}\right)\times \text{C}\times \mathrm{\rho }\left[\text{s}\right]$$

where dx is the thickness for dividing the film thickness [m], Hwater is the water evaporation rate [kg/s/m ² /Pa], D is the diffusion coefficient in the film [m ² /s], C is the density of water and 1000 [kg/m ³ ] and p is the specific heat of water [J/kg/K].

The water absorption volume concentration at the outermost surface of the anti-fogging film 220, U(x=0, t+dt), at the time t+dt is given by the following equation: $$\begin{array}{l}\text{u}\left(\mathrm{0,}\text{t}+\text{German}\right)=\text{Hwater}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \left(\text{IT}-\text{fw}\right)\times \text{German}\times \text{dx}+\left(1-\text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\right)\times \text{u}\left(\mathrm{0,}\text{t}\right)+\text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \\ \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\times \text{u}\left(\text{dx},\text{t}\right).\end{array}$$

The water absorption volume concentration in the film 220 (position of depth x from the surface) U(x, t + dt) at time t + dt is given by the following equation: $$\begin{array}{l}\text{u}\left(\text{x},\text{t}+\text{German}\right)=\text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\times \text{u}\left(\text{x}-\text{dx},\text{t}\right)+\left(1-2\times \text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\right)\times u\left(\text{x},\text{t}\right)+\text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \\ \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\times \text{u}\left(\text{x}+\text{dx},\text{t}\right).\end{array}$$

The water absorption volume concentration in the lower layer (x = d) of the anti-fog film 220, U(x = d, t + dt), at the time t + dt is given by the following equation: $$\text{u}\left(\text{x}=\text{i.e},\text{t}+\text{German}\right)=\text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\times \text{u}\left(\text{i.e}-\text{dx},\text{t}\right)+\left(1-\text{D}/\text{C}/\mathrm{\rho }\times \left(\text{German}/{\text{dx}}^2\right)\right)\times \text{u}\left(\text{German}\right).$$

Accordingly, in order to prevent the occurrence of fogging in the anti-fogging film 220, the control operation by the control unit 250 can be performed as follows.

Comparing the saturated water absorption mass concentration FW [kg/m ³ ] of the anti-fog film 220 with the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) in the outermost layer of the anti-fog film 220, when FD(x=0)<FW, no fogging occurs. At the stage when FD(x=0)≧FW is reached, condensed water of greater than or equal to the water saturation absorption mass concentration FW of the antifogging film 220 deposits on the surface as fogging.

A required time Ts of FD(x = 0) ≥ FW until fogging occurs on the anti-fogging film 220 (the time calculated from the time when the water absorption mass concentration FD(x = 0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 is predicted until at the time when fogging is predicted to occur) is obtained. The switch 140 is turned on so that the start of the drying mode is effected when the required time Ts reaches, for example, 30 seconds or less (Ts s 30 [s]), and preferably reaches 10 seconds or less (Ts ≤ 10 [s]), and the controller 250C turns the electric heating wire 130 on.

The required time Ts of F(x=0) ≥ FW until fogging occurs on the antifogging film 220 is calculated by predicting the water absorption mass concentration of the outermost surface of the antifogging film 220 up to a predetermined time (e.g., 10 minutes) as follows.

The time step dt _i in the i-th calculation step for predicting the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) from the calculation point to the point of 10 minutes (600 [s]) is variable, but is constant here for the sake of explanation.

At each time step t = 0, 1 × dt, 2 × dt, 3 × dt, 4 × dt, 5 × dt,..., (n -1) × dt, n × dt, (n + 1) × dt ,..., 600 [s], the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) [kg/m ³ ] of the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 is calculated.

At the time of the (n-1)th step T _n-1 = Σdt _i (li = 1 to n-1), the following relationship is established between the water absorption mass concentration FD(0,T _n-1 ) of the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 and the water saturation absorption mass concentration FW: $$\text{FD}\left(\mathrm{0,}{\text{T}}_{\text{n}-1}\right)\left[\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right]<\text{fw}\left[\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right].$$

At the time of the n-th step T _n = Σdt _i (i = 1 to n), the following relationship is established between the water absorption mass concentration FD(0,T _n ) of the outermost layer of the anti-fog film 220 and the water saturation absorption mass concentration FW, where the time required from the time when the water absorption mass concentration (x=0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 is predicted to the time T _n when the time Ts required for fogging to occur on the anti-fogging film 220 is set: $$\text{FD}\left(\mathrm{0,}{\text{T}}_{\text{n}}\right)\left[\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right]\ge \text{fw}\left[\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right].$$

That is, when Ts reaches, for example, 30 seconds or less (Ts ≤ 30 [s]), and the required time Ts preferably reaches 10 seconds or less (Ts ≤ 10 [s]), then the controller 250C switches the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film on.

Then, in the calculation, when the relative water absorption coefficient FRH(x=0) of the outermost surface of the anti-fog film 220 reaches 80% or less, for example (FRH(x=0)≦80%), the controller 250C switches the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film off.

Here, a form in which the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on to dry the anti-fogging film 220 has been described as an example. Instead of turning on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film or in addition to turning on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film, the defroster 20 can be turned on, the air conditioner can be switched from the indoor air circulation mode to the outdoor air introduction mode, or the humidifier can be stopped.

Further, the time Ts required for fogging to occur on the anti-fogging film 220 is preferably calculated for each predetermined period of time after the analysis is first started. The predetermined period of time can be an integer multiple of a control cycle. That is, it is preferable that the required time Ts is calculated in a predetermined cycle after the analysis is first started.

the 10 FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart representing processing performed by the controller 250C. In the process that in the 10 shown , Steps S1 to S3 are identical to Steps S1 to S3 of the first embodiment shown in FIG 3 shown is identical.

The controller 250C starts processing when the power is turned on by the ECU.

The controller 250C determines whether the glass temperature exceeds the dew point temperature based on the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity in the interior detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 150B (step S1) .

When the controller 250C determines that the glass temperature does not exceed the dew point temperature (S1: NO), the electric heating wire 130, electric heating film or defroster 20 is turned on (step S2).

Then, the controller 250C determines whether the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor 150A exceeds the temperature Tα (step S3). The controller 250C repeatedly performs the determination process of step S3 until the glass transition temperature exceeds the temperature Tα. The temperature Tα is 40 °C, for example.

When the controller 250C determines that the glass temperature exceeds the temperature Tα (S3: YES), the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off, or the defroster 20 is turned off (step S19). In order to ensure that the glass temperature does not exceed the temperature Tα, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off, or the defroster 20 is turned off. The process of step S19 is identical to the process of step S4 in the first embodiment.

When determining that the glass transition temperature does not exceed the temperature Tα (S3: NO), the controller 250C repeatedly performs the process in step S3 until the glass transition temperature exceeds the temperature Tα.

If it is determined that a condition in which the glass transition temperature exceeds the dew point temperature (S1: YES), the controller 250C starts calculating a water absorption mass concentration FD(x) up to, for example, 10 minutes later, which is determined by the glass transition temperature and the temperature and the humidity in the interior is set (step S13). The counting of 10 minutes is performed from the time when the water absorption mass concentration FD(x) is calculated.

The controller 250C determines whether the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value up to 10 minutes later (step S14).

If it is determined that the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) is not more than or equal to the predetermined value up to 10 minutes later (S14: NO), the controller 250C does not proceed to step S15 and performs the process of FIG step S14 repeatedly.

When it is determined that the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) is greater than or equal to the predetermined value for up to 10 minutes (S14: YES), the controller 250C obtains the required time Ts (remaining time) until fogging occurs the anti-fogging film 220 (step S15). The required time Ts can be obtained by the controller 250C using the method described above.

The controller 250C determines whether the required time Ts obtained in step S15 is less than or equal to a predetermined time (step S16).

If the required time Ts exceeds the predetermined time, the controller 250C does not proceed to step S17 and repeatedly performs the process in step S16.

If it is determined that the required time Ts is less than or equal to the predetermined time (S16: YES), the controller 250C turns on the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film or turns on the defroster 20 (step S17).

The controller 250C determines whether the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) is less than or equal to a predetermined value up to 10 minutes later by continuously calculating it (step S18). When the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) exceeds the predetermined value up to, for example, 10 minutes later, the controller 250C does not proceed to step S19 and repeatedly executes the process of step S18.

When it is determined that the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) of 10 minutes later reaches the predetermined value or less (S18: YES), the controller 250C turns off the electric heating wire 130, the electric heating film, or the defroster 20 (Step S19). .

In this way, the series of operations is completed. While the electric power of the window glass system 200 is turned on, the controller 250C repeatedly performs the processes of steps S1 to S19 in a predetermined control cycle.

As described above, according to the embodiment, the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fog film 220 from the time when the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) is predicted to 10 minutes later based on the glass transition temperature and the temperature and humidity in the interior are calculated, and the time Ts required until fogging occurs in the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 is obtained.

For example, when the required time Ts is 30 seconds or less (Ts ≤ 30 [s]), and preferably the required time Ts is 10 seconds or less (Ts ≤ 10 [s]) b, the drying mode is started and the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, or the defroster 20 is turned on.

Therefore, occurrence of fogging in the anti-fogging film 220 of the window glass 110 can be prevented.

In the second embodiment, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the control is performed so that it is determined whether the temperature of the glass main body 111 reaches the dew point temperature, and when the temperature of the glass main body 111 reaches the dew point temperature, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned on, and when the temperature of the glass main body 111 exceeds the temperature Tα, the electric heating wire 130 or the electric heating film is turned off.

Accordingly, a stable element characteristic of an OLED display 120 including an OLED as an example of an organic element can be obtained, and a windowpane system 200 with improved anti-fogging performance can be provided.

The above shows the form in which the processes from step S13 to step S18 are performed when it is determined in step S1 that the glass transition temperature exceeds the dew point temperature (S1: YES), and the processes in steps S2 and S3 are performed when in step S1, it is determined that the glass transition temperature is lower than or equal to the dew point temperature (S1: NO).

However, the same determination process as that of step S3 may be performed between step S17 and step S18 or when it is determined that step S18 is NO.

Specifically, in the former case, after the process in step S17, the same determination process as that in step S3 is performed, and if the glass transition temperature exceeds the temperature Tα, the flow advances to step S19, and if the glass transition temperature is lower than the temperature Tα or is identical to this, the flow advances to step S18. In this case, when it is determined that step S18 is NO, the flow can return to the same determination process as that of step S3 inserted beside step S17.

If it is determined NO in step S18 and the same determination process as that in step S3 is performed when the glass temperature exceeds the temperature Tα, the flow advances to step S19, and when the glass temperature is lower than the temperature Tα or with is identical, the flow may return to step S18 so that the process in step S18 is repeated.

The window glass 110 may also include an information acquisition device 270 for acquiring information outside the mobile body, as shown in FIGS 11 until 13 is shown. the 11 until 13 12 show the structure of a holder 280 and a case 290 with which the information detecting device 270 is mounted on the glass main body 111. FIG. the 11 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view in the direction of an arrow AA in FIG 12 and the 12 is a front view. Here, a description is given using the vertical direction in the state where the information detecting device 270, the holder 280 and the case 290 are mounted on the glass main body 111 as shown in FIG 11 is shown. The direction to the left in the 11 is the front of the vehicle and the direction to the right is the rear of the vehicle. Further, the direction passing through the drawing is the transverse direction (lateral direction), the direction passing through the drawing from the front surface side to the back surface side is the rightward direction, and the direction passing through the drawing of from the back surface side to the front surface side is the leftward direction. The left side and the right side are a left side and a right side with respect to the running direction of the vehicle 10 (refer to FIG 1 ). In the following description, the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction (lateral direction) are used. the 11 and 13 show the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and the 12 shows the transverse direction.

In the 11 For example, the glass main body 111 is a laminated glass in which the intermediate film 111C is sandwiched between the glass plates 111B and 111D. A ceramic sheet 112, an anti-fogging film 220, a temperature sensor 150A, a temperature and humidity sensor 150B, and a wind speed sensor 250D are attached to the inner surface of the glass plate 111B.

The ceramic layer 112 is formed in a rectangular circumferential shape when viewed from the front side of the glass main body 111 to a portion where the holder 280 is attached.

The anti-fogging film 220 is formed on the inner surface of the glass plate 111B of the glass main body 111 in the area surrounded by the ceramic layer 112 except the upper end side. The anti-fogging film 220 is disposed in the front surface of the information acquisition unit 271 of the information acquisition device 270 and is provided in the front surface of the information acquisition unit 271 to prevent occurrence of fogging on the glass main body 111 .

The temperature sensor 150A, the temperature and humidity sensor 150B and the wind speed sensor 250D are provided in an area surrounded by the ceramic layer 112 on the inner surface of the glass panel 111B of the glass main body 111 so that the anti-fogging film 220 is bypassed. As an example, the temperature sensor 150A, the temperature and humidity sensor 150B, and the wind speed sensor 250D are provided above the anti-fogging film 220 . For example, a hot wire anemometer or an ultrasonic anemometer can be used as the wind speed sensor.

The information acquisition device 270 includes an imaging device such as a camera and a light receiving device that receives a signal such as a radar or a light signal. The information acquisition device 270 is attached to the window glass 110 via the holder 280 and the housing 290 . The holder 280 and the case 290 are examples of mounting members. The information acquisition device 270 includes the information acquisition unit 271. The information acquisition unit 271 acquires an image, a signal such as a radar or a light signal, and thereby obtains information from the front of the vehicle 10. In the glass main body 111, the front portion of the information acquisition unit 271 is an example for the information gathering area. The anti-fogging film 220 is provided at least in the information detection area of the window glass 110 .

The holder 280 is a rectangular peripheral frame member with a recess 281 on the top front. The thickness of a portion of the recess 281 is thinner relative to the thickness of the holder 280 . The thickness of the holder 280 is approximately constant in areas other than the recess 281 . The holder 280 is made of a resin, for example.

The housing 290 has a rectangular plate-like bottom portion 291, a triangular plate-like side wall 292 and a rectangular plate-like rear wall 293, as shown in FIG 13 is shown. The side wall 292 extends upward from a side of the lower portion 291 and the rear wall 293 extends upward from a rear part of the lower portion 291 . The space surrounded by the bottom portion 291, the side wall 292 and the rear wall 293 is a receiving portion 294, and the information detecting device 270 mounted on the front surface of the rear wall 293 is located inside the accommodating portion 294. The case 290 is made of, for example, a resin.

In such a housing 290, a front end of the lower portion 291, an upper end of the side wall 292 and an upper end of the rear wall 293 adhere to a lower surface of the holder 280, and the holder 280 is bonded to the ceramic layer 112 by means of the adhesive layer 285 attached to the inner surface of the glass plate 111B of the glass main body 111 . The adhesive layer 285 is cut 280 along the rectangular peripheral shape of the holder and is not provided in the recess 281 of the holder 280 .

When the holder 280 to which the case 290 is adhered is mounted on the inner surface of the glass panel 111B by means of the adhesive layer 285, there is a gap between the recess 281 of the holder 280 and the inner surface of the glass panel 111B. There is also a gap between a portion of the holder 280 other than the recess 281 and the inner surface of the glass plate 111B in the area where they are not bonded with the adhesive agent layer 285. FIG.

Air inside flows into the accommodating portion 294 of the case 290 through the above-described gap. In particular, the gap in the portion of the recess 281 is large and faces forward and downward, so that when the defroster 20 is turned on, dehumidified air from flows into the receiving portion 294 of the defroster 20 .

Therefore, the wind speed sensor 250D can detect a speed of the wind through the defroster 20 or detect a speed of the wind through the air conditioner.

The temperature sensor 150A can detect the temperature in the vicinity of the glass main body 111, and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B can detect the temperature and humidity in the vicinity of the glass main body 111.

Further, since the dehumidified air from the defroster 20 flows into the accommodating portion 294 from the recess 281, hits the anti-fogging film 220 and flows out through the gap other than the recess 281, the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) becomes the outermost Layer of the anti-fogging film 220 efficiently reduced, whereby the operating time of the defroster 20 is shortened.

The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are preferably provided near the gap in the portion where the adhesive layer 285 is cut. The temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are provided near the gap in the portion where the adhesive layer 285 is cut, so that the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fog film 220 can be accurately calculated. The position at which the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are provided is preferably within a radius of 50 mm, more preferably within 40 mm, and particularly preferably within 30 mm in a plan view from the gap.

Further, using the wind speed sensor 250D, the equation for determining the heat transfer rate H considering the wind speed V [m/s] inside can be replaced with the following equation for determining the heat transfer rate H and the time Ts required for fogging to occur required for the anti-fog film 220 can be calculated: $$\text{H}=5.8+4.2\text{V}\left[\text{W}/{\text{m}}^2/\text{K}\right].$$

The wind speed sensor 250D is preferably provided in an area where dehumidified air from the defroster 20 or air with temperature adjusted by the air conditioner flows by. Thus, as an example, the wind speed sensor 250D is provided on the side closer to the recess 281 in the holder 280 than the temperature sensor 150A and the temperature and humidity sensor 150B are to the recess 281 . The wind speed sensor 250D is also provided near the gap in the portion where the adhesive agent layer 285 is cut.

Further, the water absorption mass concentration FD(x=0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fogging film 220 can be calculated accurately by providing the wind speed sensor in the vicinity of the gap. The position at which the wind speed sensor is provided is preferably within a radius of 100 mm from the gap in the portion where the adhesive agent layer 285 is cut, more preferably within 80 mm, and particularly preferably within 50 mm in a plan view.

A holder 280M that is in the 14 shown can be used in place of the holder 280 shown in FIGS 11 until 13 is shown. the 14 12 is a diagram showing the holder 280M according to a variation of the second embodiment.

The holder 280M has an opening 281M. With such a holder 280M, the air that has been dried by the defroster 20 flows into the space surrounded by the holder 280M and the case 290, so that the water absorption mass concentration FD(x = 0) of the outermost layer of the anti-fog film 220 can be reduced efficiently and the service life of the defroster 20 can be reduced as is the case with the holder 280 shown in FIGS 11 until 13 is shown. Further, using the wind speed sensor 250D, the equation for determining the heat transfer rate H can be replaced with the following equation for determining the heat transfer rate H considering the wind speed V [m/s] inside and the time Ts required for fogging to occur of the anti-fogging film 220 can be calculated.

The windowpane system and the windowpane device according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

The present international application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-224052 , filed on December 11, 2019, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-224052 is hereby incorporated by reference.

Reference List

100, 200

window pane system

110

windowpane

111

glass main body

111A

Central section

112

ceramic layer

120

OLED display

130

Electric heating wire

140

Switch

150,250

control unit

150A

temperature sensor

150B

Temperature and humidity sensor

150C,250C

control device

160H

power supply

160L

power supply

220

anti-fog film

250D

wind speed sensor

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• JP 2019509957 T [0004]
• JP 2019224052 [0182]

Claims (11)

Window pane system comprising: a window pane to be mounted on a mobile body; a device disposed on the window pane and including an organic member made of an organic material; a temperature sensor designed to detect a glass temperature of the window pane; a temperature and humidity sensor configured to detect a temperature and a humidity in an interior of the mobile body; and a controller including circuitry that determines whether the glass temperature exceeds a dew point temperature based on the glass temperature sensed by the temperature sensor and the temperature and humidity in the interior sensed by the temperature and humidity sensor , when it is determined that the glass temperature is lower than or equal to the dew point temperature, turns on an electric heating wire or film attached to the window glass or a defroster, and when the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a predetermined temperature, turns off the electric heating wire or the electric heating film, or turns off the defroster. window pane system claim 1 , where the default temperature is 40 °C. window pane system claim 1 or 2 , wherein a voltage applied to the electric heating wire is 10 V or less. window pane system claim 1 or 2 , wherein a power density of the electric heating wire or the electric heating film is 400 W/m ² or less. window pane system claim 1 or 2 wherein when the device comprises an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or the device is an optical device of a "head-up" display, a voltage applied to the electric heating wire or the electric heating film is 7 V or less and a power density of the electric heating wire or the electric heating film is 400 W/m ² or less. Window pane system according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , wherein when the electric heating wire or the electric heating film is turned on, a current flowing through the electric heating wire or the electric heating film varies periodically. window pane system claim 6 , whereby the current flowing through the electric heating wire or the electric heating film is switched off periodically. Window pane system according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , further comprising: an anti-fogging film provided on a surface of the window glass, wherein the controller includes a circuit that, when it is determined that the glass temperature is higher than the dew point temperature, a required time Ts until fogging occurs on the anti-fogging film , based on the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor and the temperature and humidity in the inside detected by the temperature and humidity sensor, estimates the electric heating wire or the electric heater based on the estimated required time Ts turns on the heating film attached to the window glass or turns on the defroster, and when the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor exceeds the predetermined temperature, turns off the electric heating wire or the electric heating film or turns off the defroster. Window pane system according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , further comprising: an information acquisition device configured to acquire information outside the mobile body; and a mounting member configured to attach the information gathering device to the window pane, wherein there is a gap between the window glass and the mounting member or the mounting member has an opening portion. A window pane assembly comprising: a window pane to be mounted on a mobile body; an electric heating wire or an electric heating film attached to an inner surface of the window glass; a device disposed on the window pane and including an organic member made of an organic material; a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the inner surface of the window pane; and a temperature and humidity sensor configured to detect a temperature and a humidity in an interior of the mobile body, wherein in a plan view, an area where the electric heating wire or film is provided overlaps with a display area of the device. window pane device claim 10 wherein the temperature sensor is disposed outside the display area of the device in a plan view within a heating area heated by the electric heating wire or the electric heating film.

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