DE112018007877T5 - METHOD AND EQUIPMENT TO FACILITATE NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS OPERATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture for facilitating device and / or band identification protocols in next generation wireless operations are disclosed. An exemplary method includes analyzing a sub-band of the target frequency band to determine whether the sub-band includes a training sequence embedded by an access point, in response to the sub-band including the training sequence, determining whether the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device , and combining one or more adjacent unused sub-bands to generate a contiguous band to be used for communication.

Description

FIELD OF REVELATION

This disclosure relates generally to communications between access points and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for facilitating next-generation wireless operations.

BACKGROUND

Many locations offer Wi-Fi connectivity to connect Wi-Fi enabled devices to networks such as the Internet. Wi-Fi enabled devices include personal computers (PCs), video game consoles, cell phones and devices, tablets, intelligent televisions (smart TVs), digital audio players, and so on. Using Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi-enabled devices can wirelessly access the Internet via a wireless local area network (WLAN). To provide Wi-Fi connectivity to a device, a Wi-Fi access point transmits a radio frequency Wi-Fi signal to the Wi-Fi enabled device within the signal range of an access point (e.g., a hotspot, modem, etc.) .). A Wi-Fi access point periodically broadcasts a beacon frame that contains information that enables Wi-Fi enabled devices to identify, connect to, and transmit data to the access point.

Wi-Fi is implemented through a set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications (e.g., those of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol). Devices (e.g., access points and Wi-Fi enabled devices) that are able to operate with the IEEE 802.11 protocol are called stations (STA).

Figure list

• 1 Figure 13 is an illustration of communications using Wi-Fi wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols to facilitate wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band.
• 2 FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an exemplary tape analyzer of FIG 1 .
• 3 FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an exemplary preamble detector of FIG 1 .
• 4th Figure 13 is an illustrated example of one or more communication bands, some of which are used by non-established devices.
• 5 FIG. 13 is an illustrated example of the detection of training sequences (TSs) in a first portion of subbands, the TSs corresponding to subbands on which no established device operates.
• 6th Figure 13 is an illustrated example of the detection of TSs in a second fraction of subbands, the TSs corresponding to subbands on which no established device is operating.
• 7th Figure 13 is an illustrated example of a Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) distributed between one or more STAs and / or access points.
• 8A - 8B are illustrated examples of first and second examples of modified bits included in first and second frames of the PPDU of 7th are included.
• 8C - 8D are illustrated examples of third and fourth examples of modified bits appearing in the first and second frames of the PPDU of FIG 7th are included.
• 9 FIG. 13 is an exemplary flow diagram representative of machine readable instructions that may be executed to provide the access point of FIG 1 to implement.
• 10 FIG. 13 is an exemplary flow chart representative of machine readable instructions that may be executed to one or more of the established and / or non-established devices of 1 to implement.
• 11A FIG. 13 is an exemplary flow diagram of machine readable instructions that may be executed to perform a first exemplary bit generation on one or more of the established and / or non-established devices of FIG 1 to implement.
• 11B FIG. 13 is an exemplary flow diagram of machine readable instructions that may be executed to perform a second bit generation on one or more of the established and / or non-established devices of FIG 1 to implement.
• 11C FIG. 13 is an exemplary flow diagram of machine readable instructions that may be executed to perform a third bit generation on one or more of the established and / or non-established devices of FIG 1 to implement.
• 12th FIG. 13 is an exemplary flow diagram representative of machine readable instructions that may be executed to provide the access point of FIG 1 to implement.
• 13th Figure 3 is a block diagram of a radio architecture according to some examples.
• 14th illustrates an exemplary front-end module circuit for use in the radio architecture of FIG 13th according to some examples.
• 15th FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary radio integrated circuit for use in the radio architecture of FIG 13th according to some examples.
• 16 FIG. 11 illustrates exemplary baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG 13th according to some examples.
• 17th FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a processor platform that is used to execute the exemplary machine readable instructions of FIG 9 to 12th is structured to be any of or any combination of the server and / or the access point of 1 to implement.

The figures are not true to scale. In general, the same reference numbers are used in the drawing (s) and the accompanying written description to refer to the same or similar parts.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Different locations (e.g. residential units, offices, coffee shops, restaurants, parks, airports, etc.) can provide Wi-Fi enabled devices (e.g. STAs) with Wi-Fi in order to be Wi-Fi enabled Connect devices to the Internet or any other network with minimal effort. The locations may provide one or more Wi-Fi access points (APs) to provide Wi-Fi signals to the Wi-Fi enabled devices within a range of the Wi-Fi signals (e.g., a hotspot). A Wi-Fi AP is structured to wirelessly connect a Wi-Fi enabled device to the Internet over a wireless local area network (WLAN) using Wi-Fi protocols (e.g., such as IEEE 802.11). The Wi-Fi protocol is the protocol for how the AP communicates with the devices to provide access to the Internet by transmitting uplink (UL) transmissions to the Internet and receiving downlink (DL) transmissions from the Internet. Wi-Fi protocols describe a variety of management frames (e.g. beacon frames and trigger frames) that facilitate communication between access points and stations.

Current generation Wi-Fi devices operate in either or both of a 5 gigahertz (GHz) frequency band or a 2.4 GHz frequency band. Larger operating bands allow Wi-Fi devices to potentially transmit at greater bandwidths.

However, new frequency bands may include restrictions based on established devices that are already using the newly opened frequency bands (e.g., target bands) for unlicensed use. The 6 GHz frequency band includes, for example, established satellite facilities and established terrestrial fixed-service point-to-point (P2P) facilities. Established satellite facilities are affected by background radiation (e.g., noise) caused by Wi-Fi systems on the established satellite receivers. Although some interference from the established satellite facilities can be tolerated, classic WiFi setups can cause sufficient interference to degrade performance and potentially render satellite operations useless. Established fixed service facilities include P2P links that are (A) bidirectional and (B) occupy two channels of specific bandwidth (e.g., one for DL and one for UL).

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) can regulate unlicensed operation in a target frequency band (e.g., the 6 GHz band) to ensure that non-established devices attempting to use the newly available 6 GHz band can use the Do not interfere with established devices. The FCC regulates band usage by monitoring the use of the 6 GHz frequency band by established devices. The FCC stores details of the licensed use of the 6 GHz frequency band by established devices in a database. Examples disclosed herein include facilitating coexistence for wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band (e.g., 6 GHz band).

The FCC may also regulate unlicensed operation in the target frequency band to ensure correct detection of devices (e.g., different device types) including legacy wireless devices (e.g., 11a devices, 11n devices, 11ac devices). Devices, etc.), current wireless devices (e.g. 11ax devices), as well as future wireless devices (e.g. Next Big Thing (NBT) devices). Autodetection of 11ax devices is effected through the use of a repetition of a legacy preamble field included in a preamble transmission. 11ax devices include, for example, the legacy preamble field (L-SIG) and a legacy preamble field repeat (RL-SIG), while legacy wireless devices (e.g., 11a devices, 11n- Devices, 11ac devices, etc.) include L-SIG only. However, the use of RL-SIG in its current format fails to distinguish NBT devices from 11ax devices.

Examples disclosed herein include ensuring that a non-established device (e.g., an AP and / or STA) does not interfere with established devices' communications, and that 11ax devices (e.g., an AP and / or an STA) and NBT devices can distinguish each other in the target frequency band.

The procedures that ensure that a Wi-Fi device does not interfere with an established facility is based, in some examples, on one or more training sequences (e.g., training tones, a sequence of tones, a sequence of bits, etc.), the generated by the AP, with the training sequences indicating regions (e.g. subbands) of the target band that are not used by an established device (regions of the target band that are used by an established device are discussed here as "dotted") . The procedure in such examples may include receiving the training sequences with one or more STAs, the one or more STAs having prior knowledge of the training sequence as well as a block of sub-carriers defined as the minimum bandwidth. The STA is thus able to determine which subbands of a target band are punctured (e.g. subbands in which the training sequence is not detected) and which subbands of a target band are available (e.g. unused subbands, subbands, that are not used by an established device, sub-bands in which the training sequence is detected, etc.) in order to continue receiving and / or transmitting data.

In some examples described here, the procedure that ensures that 11ax devices (e.g. an AP and / or an STA) and NBT devices can distinguish one another in the target frequency band is also based on a modification to the RL-SIG ( e.g. the repetition of the legacy preamble field L-SIG). The modification to RL-SIG includes, in some examples, flipping the polarity of each of the values in RL-SIG from the values included in L-SIG (e.g., -1 becomes 1, 1 becomes -1, etc.). The polarity flipping can be done in one of the time domain or the frequency domain. In examples of polarity flipping in the time domain, in addition to flipping the polarity of the other values of L-SIG, a pilot tone of L-SIG is flipped (the pilot tone that is used for phase tracking). In contrast, in such examples of polarity flipping in the frequency domain, the polarity of the pilot tone of L-SIG is not flipped (e.g. it remains unchanged) to allow reuse of the existing phase tracking loop.

In yet other examples disclosed herein, the procedure that ensures that 11ax devices (e.g., an AP and / or an STA) and NBT devices can distinguish one another in the target frequency band is based on a modification to each of L-SIG and RL-SIG (e.g. the repetition of the legacy preamble field L-SIG). In such examples, 4 values (in some examples of 11ax devices equal to [+1 -1 -1 -1]) included in L-SIG and RL-SIG (e.g. 8 total values) that are not Previously included in L-SIG in legacy wireless devices will be polarity-flipped for NBT devices. Thus, for the exemplary sequence of values in both L-SIG and RL-SIG in NBT devices described above, the sequence would instead include [-1 +1 +1 +1]. By including an opposite value for each value of the sequence, the procedures disclosed herein can determine the Euclidean distance (e.g., straight line distance) between the 11ax sequence of L-SIG and RL-SIG and the NBT sequence of L-SIG and Maximize RL-SIG.

In still other examples disclosed herein, the procedure which ensures that 1 1ax devices (e.g. an AP and / or an STA) and NBT devices can distinguish one another in the target frequency band is based on a modification to a reserved bit, which is included in a HE-SIGA field of the preamble. In such an example, the polarity of the reserved bit would be reversed to distinguish NBT devices from 11ax devices. For example, the polarity of the bit indicating an NBT device is 1 and the polarity of the bit indicating an 11ax device is 0.

The AP and / or STAs may have various configurations, as described herein, which may depend on a type of AP and / or STA (e.g., wireless device, laptop, game console, etc.). In the examples disclosed herein, these configurations can be altered or changed to ensure correct detection of punctured ligaments as well as correct identification of 1 1ax devices and / or NBT devices.

1 illustrates an exemplary communication system 100 using wireless local area network Wi-Fi protocols to facilitate wireless connectivity between an exemplary access point (AP) 102 and an exemplary established STA 104 and exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 . The example of 1 closes the exemplary AP 102 , the exemplary established STA 104 , the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 , an exemplary established database 122 and an exemplary network 124 a. The exemplary AP 102 closes the exemplary radio architecture 110A , an exemplary operations manager 116 , an exemplary training sequence generator 117 , an exemplary parameter memory 118 and an exemplary preamble detector 120 a. The exemplary established STA 104 and the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 close the exemplary radio architecture 110B , C, D, an exemplary tape analyzer 112 and an exemplary preamble determiner 114 a. In some examples for the AP 102 and the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 can use the exemplary radio architectures 110A , B, C, D may also be physically similar, but in some examples may operate on different (e.g., separate) transmit and / or receive frequencies.

The exemplary AP 102 of 1 is a device that enables the exemplary established STA 104 and the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 wirelessly to the exemplary network 124 access. The exemplary AP 102 may be a router, a modem router, and / or any other device that allows wireless connection from the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 to the network 124 provides. When the AP 102 For example, if a router is, the router accesses the network via a wired connection via a modem 124 to. If the AP 102 is implemented using a modem router, such a device combines the functionalities of the modem and the router. The AP 102 is, in some examples, an STA that is similar to the exemplary established STA 104 and the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 is in communication.

The exemplary radio architecture 110A of the AP 102 corresponds to components that are used to wirelessly transmit and / or receive data, as further below in connection with the in 13th examples shown. The exemplary AP 102 closes the exemplary training sequence generator 117 and the parameter memory 118 one to select available subbands for communication with the non-established STAs 106 , 108 to facilitate. The exemplary AP 102 also includes the exemplary preamble detector 120 one to determine if the exemplary established STA 104 and / or the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 are at least one of legacy devices (e.g., 11a devices, 11n devices, 11ac devices, etc.), 11ax devices, and / or NBT devices. The exemplary AP 102 may also include an application processor (e.g., the exemplary application processor 1310 out 13th ) to generate instructions related to other Wi-Fi protocols.

The exemplary established STA 104 out 1 is a device that communicates using a target frequency band. For example, if the target band is the 6 GHz band, the exemplary established STA 104 be a fixed service P2P device and / or satellite device. The established STA 104 however, it can be any type of device capable of communicating in a target frequency band defined by the exemplary established STA 104 is monitored. When an established STA 104 is activated, the established device is linked to the exemplary established database 122 registers and / or provides this identification, characteristics and / or communication information. In this way, the exemplary established database keeps track of 122 the operation of all established STAs within one location / several locations. The established STA 104 can in other examples at the AP 102 be registered, and the AP 102 can use the established database 122 care for.

The exemplary established STA 104 closes the exemplary tape analyzer 112 one to subband selection of available subbands with the AP 102 to facilitate. The exemplary STA 104 also includes the exemplary preamble generator 114 one to generate a preamble indicating whether the exemplary established STA 104 is at least one of a legacy device (e.g., 11a devices, 11n devices, 11ac devices, etc.), 11ax devices, and / or an NBT device, with the preamble to the AP 102 is to be transferred.

The exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 are WiFi enabled devices attempting unlicensed operation within the target band. The exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 For example, a computing device, a portable device, a mobile device, a cell phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a gaming system, a digital camera, a digital video recorder, a television, a set-top box, an e-book reader and / or any other Wi-Fi enabled device.

The exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 close the exemplary tape analyzer 112 one to set up subband selection protocols (e.g. selection of available subbands and non-punctured subbands) with the AP 102 and close the exemplary preamble generator 114 one to generate a preamble indicating whether the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 at least one of legacy devices (e.g., 11a devices, 11n devices, 11ac devices, etc.), 11ax devices, and / or NBT devices are with the preamble to the AP 102 should be transferred.

The exemplary tape analyzer 112 the exemplary STA 104 and the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 of the exemplary communication system 100 , which is further related to 2 may detect (for one or more sub-bands of the target frequency band) a training sequence (TS) on the sub-bands and, in response to the detection of the TS, determine that the sub-band is available to communicate on. In contrast to this, the exemplary tape analyzer 112 also determine which subbands of the target frequency band do not include the TS, and determine that those subbands are punctured by an established device (e.g., the exemplary established STA 104 of 1 ).

The exemplary preamble generator 114 the exemplary established STA 104 and the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 of the exemplary communication system 100 can generate a preamble for a data packet received from one of the exemplary established STA 104 and the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 to the exemplary AP 102 should be distributed. Generating the preamble for the data packet further includes, in some examples, generating one or more frames that are included in the preamble. The preamble generator 114 can, for example, generate at least one L-SIG field and one RL-SIG field, the RL-SIG field only being present in at least 11ax devices and / or NBT devices.

The exemplary operations manager 116 of the exemplary AP 102 of the exemplary communication system 100 out 1 determines which subbands (e.g. channels) of the usage band of AP 102 are available (in some examples based on data from the Established Database 122 are retrieved), and generated after receiving instructions from the application processor 1310 of 13th To transmit data, a data packet containing the requested data and segments the data packet based on available channels. After the data packet has been generated and segmented, the operations manager transmits 116 the segmented data packet to the exemplary radio architecture 110A to contact the requesting STA (e.g. the exemplary established STA 104 and / or the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 ) to be transmitted wirelessly. The exemplary radio architecture 110A is discussed in more detail below in connection with 13th described.

The exemplary training sequence generator 117 of the exemplary AP 102 is able to generate one or more training sequences (TSs) on one or more available sub-bands of a target frequency band. This further includes, in some examples, retrieving a listing from one or more established devices (e.g., such as the established STA 104 ) that work on at least one portion (e.g. one or more sub-bands) of the target frequency bands (e.g. use them) from the established database 122 a.

The training sequence generator 117 may also, in some examples, divide (e.g., partition) the target frequency band into one or more subbands defined by a minimum bandwidth (MB), such as by the AP 102 determined and in the parameter memory 118 is saved. The training sequence generator 117 can also analyze one or more subbands of the target frequency band to order based on the listing provided by the incumbents database 122 was called to determine if an established device is operating on the sub-band.

In response to determining that the sub-band is available, the training sequence generator embeds 117 a training sequence (e.g. a sequence of bits) taken from the parameter memory 118 were retrieved in a frame and / or a field of the sub-band. The training sequence generator 117 can for example embed a short training sequence (STS) in a short training field (STF) of the sub-band. This can be done for any available sub-band. The training sequence generator 117 can, in other examples, embed a long training sequence (LTS) in a long training field (LTF) of the sub-band. The training sequence generator 117 For example, in still other examples, a training sequence of any size (e.g., any number of bits, tones, etc.) can be embedded in any field and / or frame of the sub-band. The one by the training sequence generator 117 embedded training sequence may, in some examples, be the same for each sub-band in which it is embedded. The training sequence generator 117 In other examples, may embed a unique training sequence in one or more of the available subbands of the target frequency. The training sequence generator 117 For example, it can generate a single training sequence that spans the target frequency band and only embed the portions of the training sequence that are associated with available subbands.

In contrast to this, the training sequence generator embeds 117 in response to determining that the sub-band is not available (e.g., the sub-band is punctured, an established device is operating on the sub-band, etc.) does not insert the training sequence into a frame and / or field of the sub-band. The frame or the field of the sub-band where a training sequence would be embedded thus remains empty (e.g. no embedded data).

The training sequence generator 117 is also used to output the generated training sequences to the radio architecture 110A , with the radio architecture 110A for broadcasting (e.g. outputting) training sequences to one or more of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 serves.

The exemplary parameter memory 118 of the exemplary AP 102 of the exemplary communication system 100 of 1 is able to save one or more parameters and / or characteristics associated with the AP 102 are associated. The parameter memory 118 may, in some examples, store at least one of a target band analysis scheme (e.g., a listing of times the target band should be analyzed on established devices), one or more exemplary training sequences, one or more sub-band partition sizes, and so on.

The parameter memory 118 can also be through a volatile memory (e.g. a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), RAMBUS dynamic random access memory (RDRAM), etc.) and / or a non-volatile memory (e.g. flash memory). The parameter memory 118 can additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more memories with double data rate (DDR), such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, mobile DDR (mDDR), etc. The parameter memory 118 can additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more mass storage devices, such as hard disk drive (s), compact disk (CD) drive (s), digital versatile disk (DVD) drive (s), etc. Even if the parameter store 118 is illustrated as a single database in the illustrated example, the parameter memory 118 can be implemented by any number and / or any types of databases. The parameter memory 118 is also located in the AP 102 or a central location outside the AP 102 . The ones in the parameter memory 118 Stored data can also be in any data format, such as binary data, data separated by commas, data separated by tabs, structures in structured query language (SQL), etc.

The exemplary parameter detector 120 of the exemplary AP 102 of the exemplary communication system 100 of 1 , described in more detail in connection with 3 , is able to detect the polarity of one or more bits contained in one or more frames (e.g. an L-SIG frame, an RL-SIG frame, a HE-SIGA frame, etc.) a Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) used by one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 received at the access point. Based on the polarity of the one or more bits included in the one or more frames, the preamble detector may 120 further identify one or more of the STAs as one of a legacy wireless link, an 11ax wireless device, or an NBT wireless link.

The exemplary established database 122 of 1 stores information related to the established STA as described above 104 and the operation of the established STA within the target range. Such information can, for example, be the location of the established STA 104 , Antenna characteristics (e.g. transmit (Tx) power, beam orientation, attenuation, antenna gain, etc.) that the established STA 104 correspond, communication bandwidth and channel information according to the established STA 104 , detailed observation periods of the established STA 104 , Include edge data corresponding to the number of devices (e.g. STAs) in a particular location, and so on. An external device (e.g., the exemplary operations manager 116 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 , etc.) can be periodic, aperiodic or based on a trigger (e.g. if the exemplary established database 122 is updated) download and / or query information in the exemplary established database 122 is stored.

The exemplary network 124 of 1 is a system of interconnected systems that exchange data. The exemplary network 124 can be implemented using any type of public or private network such as, but not limited to, the Internet, a telephone network, a local area network (LAN), a cable network, and / or a wireless network. To communicate over the network 124 to enable closes the exemplary AP 102 a communication interface that enables connection to an Ethernet, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, a coaxial cable or any wireless connection, etc. In some examples, the exemplary network 124 the requested data ready to be organized into data packages.

2 Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary implementation 200 of the STA-based tape analyzer disclosed herein 112 of 1 to facilitate the determination and / or use of non-punctured sub-bands of a target band frequency. The exemplary tape analyzer 112 closes an exemplary component interface 202 , an exemplary tape partitioner 204 , an exemplary training sequence identifier 206 , an exemplary punctured subband determiner 208 , an exemplary tape post processor 210 and an exemplary training sequence reference memory 212 a. Even if in the illustrated example each of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 the tape analyzer 112 It is possible that one or more of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 the tape analyzer 112 or one or more in the tape analyzer 112 not include or otherwise implement included components.

The exemplary component interface 202 of 2 connects to the application processor via an interface 1310 to go to the exemplary application processor 1310 Transmit signals (e.g., instructions to operate according to a protocol) and / or receive signals therefrom (e.g., instructions corresponding to which type of ACK to use). The exemplary component interface 202 also couples with the exemplary radio architecture via an interface 110B , C, D, to the radio architecture 110B , C, D to instruct data packets / frames to the radio architecture 110A to transmit and / or to receive data packets therefrom.

The exemplary tape partitioner 204 of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 of 2 may divide (e.g. partition) the target frequency band into one or more subbands defined by a minimum bandwidth (MB) as determined by the AP 102 is determined and retrieved by it. The tape partitioner 204 is further used in some examples to detect the size of MB using the guidance of the tape analyzer 112 to analyze the entire target frequency band with a filter bank in order to accumulate one or more samples of sub-bands with the bandwidth MB.

The exemplary training sequence identifier 206 of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 of 2 can be a reference training sequence from the exemplary training sequence reference memory 212 , the training sequence reference corresponding to one or more training sequences, as broadcast by the AP 102 recall. In some examples, the training sequence identifier is used 206 further for analyzing one or more sub-bands of the target frequency band to determine whether an established device is operating on the sub-band based on a detection of a training frequency in a sub-band (or the lack thereof). The exemplary training sequence identifier 206 is further used in some examples to detect the training sequence based on a comparison with a reference training sequence obtained from the exemplary training sequence reference memory 212 was retrieved.

The exemplary dotted subband determiner 208 of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 of 2 may be based on the identification of one or more training sequences in one or more sub-bands of the target frequency band by the training sequence identifier 206 is completed, determine one or more subbands of the target frequency band that are available for use by a non-established device and one or more subbands of the target frequency band that are used (e.g., punctured) by an established device. The dotted subband determiner 208 Further serves, in some examples, to delimit the one or more bands of the target frequency band as being available for use by a non-established device or punctured by an established device. Delimiting the one or more subbands may further include, in some examples, setting a bit associated with each of the subbands (e.g., setting a bit to one for an available subband and zero for an unavailable subband, etc.) .).

The exemplary tape post processor 210 of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 of 2 can process one or more of the subbands, one of which is specified by the training sequence identifier 206 has been determined to include the training sequence to determine a largest available contiguous sub-band based on the sub-bands determined by the punctured sub-band determiner 208 marked as available and unavailable. The largest contiguous subband available includes, in some examples, one or more contiguous subbands of size MB. The largest available contiguous sub-band is thus composed, for example, of a segment of adjacent sub-bands which includes a large number of sub-bands of size MB.

The exemplary training sequence reference memory 212 that is included in the sample tape analyzer 112 of 2 included, or otherwise implemented thereby, is capable of storing one or more parameters and / or characteristics associated with one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 are associated. The training sequence memory 212 may, in some examples, store one or more reference training sequences, the reference training sequences corresponding to one or more training sequences generated by the exemplary AP 102 be used.

The training sequence reference store 212 can also be through a volatile memory (e.g. a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), RAMBUS dynamic random access memory (RDRAM), etc.) and / or a non-volatile memory (e.g. flash memory). The training sequence reference store 212 can additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more memories with double data rate (DDR), such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, mobile DDR (mDDR), etc. The training sequence reference memory 212 may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more mass storage devices, such as hard disk drive (s), compact disk (CD) drive (s), digital versatile disk (DVD) drive (s), etc. Even if the training sequence reference memory 212 is illustrated as a single database in the illustrated example, the training sequence reference store 212 can be implemented by any number and / or any types of databases. The training sequence reference store 212 can also be part of one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 or in a central location outside of one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 be arranged. The ones in the training sequence reference memory 212 Stored data can also be in any data format, such as binary data, data separated by commas, data separated by tabs, structures in structured query language (SQL), etc.

3 Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary implementation 300 of the AP-based preamble detector disclosed herein 120 of 1 to facilitate the determination and / or use of non-punctured sub-bands of a target band frequency. The exemplary tape analyzer 112 includes an exemplary component interface 302 , an exemplary frame analyzer 304 and an exemplary device determiner 306 a. The established database 122 may additionally or alternatively in some examples, even if the established database 122 in the illustrated example of 1 than outside of the AP 102 is shown lying in at least one of the AP 102 and / or the preamble detector 120 included or otherwise implemented therein.

The exemplary component interface 302 of 3 connects to the application processor via an interface 1310 to go to the exemplary application processor 1310 Transmit signals (e.g., instructions to operate according to a protocol) and / or receive signals therefrom (e.g., instructions corresponding to a received preamble). The exemplary component interface 302 also couples with the exemplary radio architecture via an interface 110A to the radio architecture 110A to instruct data packets / frames to the radio architecture 110B , C, D to transmit and / or to receive data packets therefrom.

The exemplary frame analyzer 304 of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 of 3 In some examples, a protocol data unit may contain one or more frames from one of the example STAs 104 , 106 , 108 includes, about the radio architecture 110A by means of the component interface 302 receive. The received PPDU may, in some examples, have at least a first frame (e.g., an L-SIG frame), a second frame (e.g., an RL-SIG frame), and a third frame (e.g., an HE -SIGA-Frame).

The frame analyzer 304 may, in some examples, analyze at least the first frame (e.g., the L-SIG frame) and the second frame (e.g., the RL-SIG frame) of the PPDU. Analyzing the first frame and the second frame includes, in some examples, analyzing one or more bits included in the first frame and the second frame. The frame analyzer 304 For example, compare the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame with the corresponding one or more bits of the second frame (such as further in connection with 8A illustrated).

The frame analyzer 304 can additionally or alternatively compare the polarity of one or more signature bits included in the first frame and the second frame with an expected polarity of the signature bits (such as further in connection with FIG 8B illustrated). The exemplary frame analyzer 304 can additionally or alternatively analyze at least a third frame (e.g. the HE-SIGA frame) of the PPDU. Analyzing the third frame, in some examples, further includes analyzing a reserved bit included in the third frame. The frame analyzer 304 for example, compare the polarity of the reserved bit included in the third frame with an expected polarity.

The exemplary device determiner 306 of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 of 3 can be based on that provided by the exemplary frame analyzer 304 Completed bit polarity analysis will determine whether a device (e.g. one or more of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 ) associated with the AP 102 communicate, is at least one of a legacy device (e.g., an 11a device, an 11ac device, etc.), an 11ax device, or an NBT device.

To determine a wireless protocol of the device associated with the access point communicates, the device determiner can 306 in some examples, determine whether the polarity of one or more of the bits included in the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG) is toggled with respect to the corresponding bits included in the first frame (e.g., RL-SIG) B. L-SIG). The fixture determiner 306 In such examples, determine that the device is an 11ax device if the bits in the second frame correspond to the bits in the first frame. In contrast, the device determiner determines 306 that the device is an NBT device if one or more bits are toggled in the second frame compared to the corresponding bits in the first frame.

To determine a wireless protocol of the device communicating with the access point, the device determiner can 306 additionally or alternatively determine whether the polarity of one or more of the signature bits included in at least one of the first frame (e.g. L-SIG) or the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG) is compared to the expected polarity of the exemplary signature bit is flipped. The fixture determiner 306 determines, in such examples, that the device is a 1 1ax device if the signature bits match the expected polarity. In contrast, the device determiner determines 306 that the device is an NBT device if one or more bits of the signature bits are toggled (e.g., reversed) to the expected polarity.

To determine a wireless protocol of the device communicating with the access point, the device determiner can 306 additionally or alternatively determine whether the polarity of a reserved bit included in the third frame (e.g. HE-SIGA) is at least one that corresponds to the expected polarity, or is flipped with respect to the expected polarity (e.g. vice versa) is. The fixture determiner 306 in such examples, determines that the device is an 11ax device if the reserved bit matches the expected polarity. In contrast, the device determiner determines 306 that the device is an NBT device if the reserved bit is toggled (e.g., reverse) to the expected polarity.

4th illustrates an exemplary target frequency band 400 , being one or more sub-bands of the target frequency band 400 be used by established devices (e.g. the established STA 104 out 1 ). In the illustrated example of 4th becomes the target frequency band 400 also divided into subbands of varying sizes, including the first subbands 404 with a size of 106 resource units, the second sub-bands 406 with a size of 26 resource units, and the third sub-bands 408 with a size of 242 resource units.

In the illustrated example, one or more established devices (e.g., the established STA 104 out 1 for example) on portions of the target frequency band 400 , with the proportions on which the established devices operate by one or more dotted subbands 410 are defined. The dotted subbands 410 are thus, for example, sub-bands of the target frequency bands 400 that cannot be used by one or more non-established devices (e.g. the non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 , for example).

Subbands of the target frequency 400 who have favourited non-dotted subbands 410 are also available subbands 412 , 414 , 416 , where the available subband 412 is defined by a bandwidth of 106 resource units, the subband 414 is defined by a bandwidth of 242 resource units, and the available subband 416 is defined by a bandwidth of 484 resource units. The available subbands 412 , 414 , 416 are thus sub-bands of the target frequency band 400 that can be used by one or more non-established devices (e.g., the non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 , for example).

5 illustrates an exemplary first portion 500 of the target frequency subband 400 on which one or more established devices operate (for example, the established STA 104 of 1 ). The first part 500 of the target frequency subband 400 further includes the first exemplary sub-band 404 , the second exemplary sub-band 406 , the exemplary dotted subbands 410 and the exemplary available subbands 412 a.

5 further includes parallel correlators 502A - H and an exemplary post processor 503A to detect which of the sub-bands of the first component 500 of the target frequency band 400 is available and which subbands are dotted. The parallel correlators 502A - H can in some examples by the dotted subband determiner 208 of 2 implemented or otherwise included therein. The parallel correlators 502A - H shall, in some examples essentially simultaneously, a training sequence (TS) in one or more of the subbands of the first portion 500 of the target frequency band 400 detect.

In the illustrated example of 5 detect the parallel correlators 502A-C no TS and therefore make a dotted determination 504A who have favourited parallel correlators 502D detect the TS and therefore make a TS detection determination 506A who have favourited parallel correlators 502E do not detect any TS and therefore make a punctured determination 504B who have favourited parallel correlators 502F-G detect the TS and therefore make TS detection determinations 506B - C, and the parallel correlators 502H do not detect any TS and therefore make a punctured determination 504C. In such examples, the post processor also detects 503A two adjacent sub-bands (e.g. sub-bands 412 ) by the parallel correlators 502F-G with the postprocessor further determining that the two adjacent subbands in some examples serve as a larger usable bandwidth for an incoming non-established STA (e.g. the non-established STAs 106 , 108 ) can be used.

In the illustrated example of 5 determine the parallel correlators 502A - H that those with the TS detection regulations 506A-C associated subbands for use by one or more non-established devices (e.g., the non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 , for example) are available, and the post processor 503A determines whether any of the subbands comply with the TS detection provisions 506A-C are associated, are adjacent to each other.

6th illustrates an example of a second portion 600 of the target frequency band 400 on which one or more established devices operate (e.g. the established STA 104 of 1 ). The first part 600 of the target frequency subband 400 further includes the third exemplary sub-band 408 , the exemplary dotted subbands 410 and the exemplary available subbands 414 , 416 a.

6th further includes parallel correlators 602A - D in to detect which of the sub-bands of the second component 600 of the target frequency band 400 is available and which subbands are dotted. The parallel correlators 602A - D can in some examples by the dotted subband determiner 208 or otherwise included therein, and the post processor 603A can through the tape mail processor 210 of 2 implemented or otherwise included therein. The post processors 603A , 604 can alternatively using the punctured subband determiner 208 implemented. The parallel correlators 602A -D and the post processor 603A shall, in some examples essentially simultaneously, a training sequence (TS) in one or more of the subbands of the second portion 600 of the target frequency band 400 detect.

In the illustrated example of 6th the parallel correlator detects 602A the TS and therefore makes a TS detection determination 606 , the parallel correlator 602B does not detect TS and therefore makes a punctured determination 608, and the parallel correlators 602C , D detect the TS on two (2) adjacent sub-bands of the bandwidth 242 Resource units and makes a TS detection determination 610 . In such examples, the post processor also detects 603A two adjacent sub-bands (e.g. sub-bands 408 ) by the parallel correlators 502F-G with the postprocessor further determining that the two adjacent subbands in some examples serve as a larger usable bandwidth for an incoming non-established STA (e.g. the non-established STAs 106 , 108 ) can be used.

In the illustrated example of 6th determine the parallel correlators 602A - D and the post processor 603A that the subbands associated with the TS detection provisions 606 , 610 are associated for use by one or more non-established devices (e.g., the non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 , for example) are available, and further that the subbands associated with the TS detection determination 610 are associated, the largest contiguous sub-band of the available sub-bands in the target frequency band 400 are (e.g. the subbands of the TS detection determination should 610 for communication between the AP 102 and one of the non-established STAs 106 108 be used).

7th illustrates an exemplary protocol data unit (PPDU) 700 between one or more of the exemplary established STA 104 , the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 and / or the AP 102 is distributed. In the illustrated example of 7th closes the PPDU 700 at least one exemplary legacy preamble 702 a, which in some examples also includes an exemplary first frame 704 (e.g., an exemplary long legacy training frame (L-LTF) in the illustrated example), an exemplary second frame 706 (e.g., an exemplary legacy preamble frame (L-SIG) in the illustrated example), an exemplary third frame 708 (e.g., an exemplary legacy repeated preamble frame (RL-SIG) in the illustrated example), an exemplary fourth frame 710 (e.g., a first exemplary HE-SIGA frame in the illustrated example), an exemplary fifth frame 712 (e.g. a second exemplary HE-SIGA frame in the illustrated example) and an exemplary content frame (content frame) 714 may include.

In some examples where the exemplary established STA 104 , the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 , and / or the AP 102 is a legacy device (e.g., before 11ax, such as 11a, 11ac, 11n, etc.), the third frame field is 708 may not be in the PPDU 700 locked in.

In some such examples where the exemplary established STA 104 , the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 and / or the AP 102 is an NBT device, at least one of the second frame may be 706 , the third frame 708 and / or the fourth frame 710 modified according to procedures that are also related to the 11A - 11C described and in the 8A - 8B are shown. A reserved bit that appears in the fourth frame 710 (e.g., the first exemplary HE-SIGA frame) may also have a flipped polarity to indicate that the communication device is an NBT device. The reserved bit can thus, for example, correspond to a value of 1 if the communication device is an 11ax or other legacy device, and can correspond to -1 if the communication device is an NBT device.

8A and 8B illustrate a first example 800A and a second example 800B for modified bits that are in the third frame 706 (e.g. L-SIG) and / or the fourth frame 708 (e.g. RL-SIG) of the PPDU 700 of 7th are included, each of the first and second examples 800A, B illustrating a bit modification for NBT devices.

The first example 800A illustrates, in the illustrated example, a bit modification in the time domain, and the second example 800B illustrates a bit modification in the frequency domain. Bit modification in the frequency domain differs in some examples from bit modification in the time domain in that bit modification in the time domain includes flipping the polarity of one or more pilot bits, and bit modification in the frequency domain does not flip the polarity of several pilot bits (e.g. by one reuse existing phase tracking loop).

If we look at the first example 800A, the first example 800A illustrates the first frame 802A (e.g. the L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and the second frame 804A (e.g. the RL-SIG frame in the illustrated example).

The first frame 802A further includes a sequence of bits 806A a (e.g. [+1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1]) which is one or more pilot bits 808A includes, and the second frame 804A closes a sequence of bits 810A a (e.g. [-1 +1 -1 - 1 +1 +1]) which is one or more pilot bits 812A includes. As in 8A As illustrated and described above, the polarity of each bit in the sequence of bits is reversed 810A including each pilot bit 812A um compared to the corresponding bit in the sequence of bits 806A including each pilot bit 808A .

Moving to example 800B, the second example 800B further illustrates the first frame 802B (e.g. the L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and the second frame 804B (e.g. the RL-SIG frame in the illustrated example).

The first frame 802B further includes a sequence of bits 806B a (e.g. [+1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1]) which is one or more pilot bits 808B includes, and the second frame 804B closes a sequence of bits 810B a (e.g. [-1 +1 +1 - 1 -1 +1]) which is one or more pilot bits 812B includes. As in 8A As illustrated and described above, the polarity of each bit in the sequence of bits is determined 810B (except for each of the pilot bits 812B) conversely, compared to the corresponding bit in the sequence of bits 806A . The polarity of the pilot bits 812B in the second frame 804B thus corresponds to the polarity of the pilot bits 808B in the first frame 802B when the polarity flipping is performed in the frequency domain.

8C - D. illustrate a third example 800C (e.g. for 11ax devices) and a fourth example 800D (e.g. for NBT devices) for modified bits included in the third frame 706 (e.g. L-SIG) and / or the fourth frame 708 the PPDU 700 of 7th are included, with example 800C illustrating bit modifications for recognizing an 11ax device and example 800D illustrating bit modifications for recognizing an NBT device.

If we look at the third example 800C, the third example 800C further illustrates a first frame 802C (e.g. the L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and a second frame 804C (e.g. the RL-SIG frame in the illustrated example).

The first frame 802C further includes a sequence of bits 806C a (e.g. +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1]) including one or more signature bits 812C (e.g. [+1 -1 -1 -1] in the sequence of bits 806C) , and the second frame 804C closes a sequence of bits 810C a (e.g. [+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1]) including one or more signature bits 812C (e.g. [+1 -1 -1 - 1] in the sequence of bits 806C) . The polarities of the signature bits 812C and 812D In some examples, they are known to correspond to 1 1ax devices, and thus the third example 800C is known to correspond to an 11ax device.

If we look at the fourth example 800D, the fourth example 800D further illustrates a first frame 802D (e.g. the L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and a second frame 804D (e.g. the RL-SIG frame in the illustrated example).

The first frame 802D further includes a sequence of bits 806D a (e.g. -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1]) including one or more signature bits 812D (e.g. [-1 +1 +1 +1] in the sequence of bits 806D ), and the second frame 804D closes a sequence of bits 810D a (e.g. [-1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1]) including one or more signature bits 812D (e.g. [-1 + 1 +1 + 1] in the sequence of bits 806C) .

As in 8D illustrated and described above, the polarity of each bit in the signature bits 812D that are in the sequence of bits 806D , 810D are included, conversely, compared to the corresponding bit in the signature bits 812C that are in the sequence of bits 806C , 810C where the reversal of polarity indicates that the device in the fourth example 800D is an NBT device. The reverse of each bit of the signature bits 812D (e.g. 8 bits in the illustrated example) also maximized the Euclidean distance between the signature bits 812C and the signature bits 812D which contributes to robust identification of 11ax devices and NBT devices.

Although an exemplary way of implementing the exemplary tape analyzer 112 , the exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 of 1 in the 2 and / or 3 illustrated, one or more of the elements, processes, and / or devices described in the 2 and / or 3 are illustrated, combined, subdivided, rearranged, omitted, eliminated and / or implemented in any other way. The exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 , the component interface 202 , the exemplary tape partitioner 204 , the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 , the exemplary dotted subband determiner 208 , the exemplary tape post processor 210 , the exemplary component interface 302 , the exemplary frame analyzer 304 , the exemplary device determiner 306 and / or more generally the exemplary tape analyzer 112 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 can also be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and / or any combination of hardware, software and / or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 , the component interface 202 , the exemplary tape partitioner 204 , the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 , the exemplary punctured subband determiner 208 , the exemplary tape post processor 210 , the exemplary component interface 302 , the sample frame analyzer 304 , the exemplary device determiner 306 and / or more generally of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 by one or more analog or digital circuit (s), logic circuits, programmable processor (s), programmable controller, graphics processing unit (s) (GPU (s)), digital signal processor (s) (DSP (s)), application-specific integrated circuit ( (ASIC (s)), programmable logic device (s) (PLD (s)) and / or field programmable logic device (s) (FPLD (s)). Upon reading any device or system claims of this patent that are intended to cover a pure software and / or firmware implementation, at least one is / are of the exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 , the component interface 202 , the exemplary tape partitioner 204 , the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 , the exemplary dotted subband determiner 208 , the exemplary tape post processor 210 , the exemplary component interface 302 , the exemplary frame analyzer 304 , the exemplary device determiner 306 and / or more generally the exemplary tape analyzer 112 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 Expressly defined herein to include a non-transitory computer readable storage device or storage disk, such as memory, digital versatile disk (DVD), compact disk (CD), Blu-ray disk, etc., including the Software and / or firmware. The exemplary tape analyzer 112 , the exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 of 1 may include one or more elements, processes, and / or apparatus in addition to or in lieu of those described in the 2 and / or 3 illustrated and / or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes, and devices. The phrase “in communication” including variants thereof includes direct communication and / or indirect communication through one or more intermediate components and does not require direct physical (e.g. wired) communication and / or constant communication, but instead also includes selective communication at periodic intervals , scheduled intervals, aperiodic intervals and / or one-time events.

In the 9 to 12th For example, there are shown flow diagrams representative of example hardware logic, machine readable instructions, hardware implemented state machines, and / or any combination thereof to provide the tape analyzer 112 , the exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary Training sequence generator 117 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 of 1 to implement. The machine readable instructions can be an executable program or a portion of an executable program for execution by a computer processor, such as the processor 1712 that is in the exemplary processor platform 1700 is shown below in connection with 7th is discussed. The program can be embodied in software that is stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray disk or a memory which the processor 1712 is assigned, but the entire program and / or parts thereof alternatively by a device other than the processor 1712 can be executed and / or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Also, although the example programs are described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS 9 to 12th As illustrated, many other methods of implementing the exemplary tape analyzer can alternatively be used 112 , the exemplary preamble generator 114 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 and / or the exemplary preamble detector 120 of 1 be used. For example, the order in which the blocks are executed can be changed and / or some of the blocks described can be changed, omitted or combined. In addition or as an alternative, any or all of the blocks can be replaced by one or more hardware circuits (e.g. discrete and / or integrated analog and / or digital circuit (s), an FPGA, an ASIC, a comparator, an operational amplifier (op-amp) , a logic circuit, etc.) structured to perform the corresponding operation without executing software or firmware.

As already mentioned, the exemplary processes of the 9 to 12th implemented using executable instructions (e.g. computer- and / or machine-readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer- and / or machine-readable storage medium, such as a hard disk drive, flash memory, read-only Memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a read-write memory and / or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g. over longer periods of time, permanently , for short moments, for temporary buffering and / or for caching the information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer readable storage medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and / or storage disk and exclude propagating signals and transmission media.

"Inclusive" and "comprehensive" (and all forms and tenses thereof) are used here as open terms. Whenever a claim is used any form of “including” or “comprising” (e.g., comprises, includes, comprising, including, having, etc.) as a preamble or within any citation of a claim, it is to be understood that additional elements, terms, etc. may be present without this being outside the scope of the corresponding claim or its citation. When the phrase “at least” is used as a transitional term in, for example, a preamble of a claim, it is open in the same way as the terms “comprising” and “including” are open. The term “and / or”, when used, for example, in a form such as A, B and / or C, refers to any combination or subset of A, B, C, such as (1) A alone, (2) B alone, (3) C alone, (4) A with B, (5) A with C, (6) B with C and (7) A with B and with C.

The program of 9 closes block 902 one in which the exemplary training sequence generator 117 , which is described in the exemplary AP 102 included is a listing of one or more established devices (e.g., such as the established STA 104 ), which work (e.g. use them) in at least a portion (e.g. one or more sub-bands) of the target frequency bands, from the established database 122 retrieves.

The in the exemplary AP 102 included training sequence generator 117 divides (e.g. partitioned) into blocks 904 the target frequency band into one or more sub-bands defined by a minimum bandwidth (MB) as defined by the AP 102 determined and in the parameter memory 118 is saved.

In block 906 analyzes the training sequence generator 117 the first unanalyzed subband that was recorded in Block 904 was determined to be based on the in block 902 retrieved listing to determine if an established device is operating on the subband. In block 908 goes in response to the in block 906 Completed analysis that concludes that an established device (e.g., such as the established STA 104 ) is working on the sub-band (e.g. the sub-band is punctured), continue to block 912 . In contrast, the processing goes when in response to the parsing of block 906 it is concluded that no established device is operating on the sub-band (e.g. the sub-band is available), go to block 910 .

In block 910 embeds the training sequence generator 117 in response to determining that the sub-band is available, a training sequence (e.g., a sequence of bits) retrieved from the parameter memory 118 were retrieved in a frame and / or a field of the sub-band. The training sequence generator 117 can for example embed a short training sequence (STS) in a short training field (STF) of the sub-band. In response to embedding the training sequence, processing continues to block 914 .

In block 912 embeds the training sequence generator 117 in response to determining that the sub-band is not available (e.g., the sub-band is punctured, an established device is operating on the sub-band, etc.) does not insert the training sequence into a frame and / or field of the sub-band. The frame or the field of the sub-band where a training sequence would be embedded thus remains empty (e.g. no embedded data).

In block 914 determines the training sequence generator 117 whether any subbands have not yet been analyzed (e.g. processed). The training sequence generator 117 determines, in some examples, whether any subbands have not yet been analyzed based on a known size of the target frequency bands as held in the parameter memory 118 are stored. Processing returns to block in response to the determination that remaining subbands must be processed 906 back. Alternatively, processing proceeds to block in response to a determination that no additional subbands need to be processed (e.g., analyzed) 916 .

The training sequence generator 117 gives in block 916 those in block 910 generated training sequences to the radio architecture 110A off, with the radio architecture 110A for broadcasting (e.g. outputting) the training sequences to one or more of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 serves.

In block 918 determines the training sequence generator 117 whether it is desired to determine the target frequency band based on one in the parameter memory 118 reanalyze saved schema. In response to determining that reanalyzing based on the schema is desired, processing returns to block 902 back. In contrast, the program ends 900 of 9 in response to determining that reanalyzing is not desired (e.g., not provided in the scheme).

The program of 10 closes block 1002 one in which the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 that is in the tape analyzer 112 who is also included in one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 included is a reference training sequence from the exemplary training sequence reference memory 212 , the training sequence reference corresponding to one or more training sequences, as broadcast by the AP 102 retrieves.

The exemplary tape partitioner 204 that is included in the sample tape analyzer 112 from one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is included, divides (e.g. partitioned) into blocks 1004 the target frequency band into one or more sub-bands, which are defined by a minimum bandwidth (MB) (e.g. minimum size), as from the AP 102 is determined and retrieved by it.

In block 1006 analyzes the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 that is in the tape analyzer 112 included is the first unanalyzed subband that is in block 1004 is determined based on communication received from the AP 102 about the radio architecture 110B , C, D and the component interface 202 was received to determine whether an established device is operating on the sub-band based on a detection (or lack of) a training sequence in the sub-band. The exemplary training sequence identifier 206 is used in some examples in block 1006 further to detect the training sequence based on a comparison with a reference training sequence obtained from the exemplary training sequence reference memory 212 in block 1002 was retrieved.

In block 1008 processing is in response to the training sequence identifier 206 a training sequence in the current subband in blocks 1006 detected, go to block 1010 . In contrast, the processing is in response to the training sequence identifier 206 no training sequence in the current subband in block 1006 detected, go to block 1012 .

In block 1010 marks the dotted subband determiner 208 in response to determining (e.g., detecting) that the training sequence is embedded in the sub-band (e.g., the sub-band is not punctured, the sub-band is available, etc.) the sub-band is available for communication with one of the non-established STAs 106 , 108 .

In contrast, marked in block 1012 the dotted subband determiner 208 in response to determining (e.g., detecting) that the training sequence is not embedded in the sub-band (e.g., the sub-band is punctured, the sub-band is not available, etc.) the sub-band is not available to communicate with one of the non-established STAs 106 , 108 .

In block 1014 determines the tape analyzer 112 whether any subbands have not yet been analyzed (e.g. processed). In some examples, the tape analyzer determines 112 whether any subbands have not yet been analyzed based on a known size of the target frequency band and a listing of the subbands obtained by the punctured subband determiner 208 have been processed. Processing returns to block in response to the determination that remaining sub-bands must be processed 1006 back. Alternatively, processing proceeds to block in response to a determination that no additional subbands need to be processed (e.g., analyzed) 1016 .

The tape post processor 210 leads in block 1016 Post-processing is carried out on one or more of the sub-bands, of which in block 1010 has been determined not to be punctured to determine a largest available contiguous subband based on the subbands determined by the punctured subband determiner 208 in block 1010 marked as available and in block 1012 marked as unavailable. The largest contiguous sub-band available includes, in some examples, one or more contiguous sub-bands of size MB. The largest available contiguous sub-band is thus composed, for example, of a segment of adjacent sub-bands which includes a large number of sub-bands of size MB.

In block 1018 instructs the tape post processor 210 in response to determining the contiguous sub-band in blocks 1016 the application processor 1310 from one of the non-established STAs 106 , 108 via the component interface 202 , with the AP 102 to communicate on the contiguous subband. The radio architecture 101C , D from one or more of the non-established STAs 106 , 108 thus transmits and / or receives data packets to / from the radio architecture 110A that are in the AP 102 is included on the contiguous subband.

The tape analyzer 112 definitely in block 1020 whether it is desirable to determine the target frequency band based on one from the AP 102 reanalyze the retrieved schema. In response to determining that reanalyzing based on the schema is desired, processing returns to block 1002 back. In contrast, the program ends 1000 of 10 in response to determining that reanalyzing is not desired (e.g., not provided in the scheme).

The program 1100A of 11A starts in block 1102A , in which the exemplary preamble generator 114 who is included in one of the exemplary STAs 104 , 106 , 108 which determines the wireless protocol associated with the STA. From one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 For example, it can be determined to be an NBT device. Alternatively, one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 determined to be an 11ax device. In each of the cases, the preamble generator generates 114 in block 1104B a first frame including one or more bits (e.g. an L-SIG frame) corresponding to a second frame (e.g. containing bits of identical polarity) including one or more bits (e.g. . an RL-SIG frame).

The preamble generator 114 definitely in block 1106A based on the determination of block 1102A whether the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device. In response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device, processing continues to block 1108A . In response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is not an NBT device (e.g., an 11ax device, an 11a device, an 11n device, etc.), in contrast, the program ends 1100A of 11A .

In block 1108A the preamble generator flips 114 in response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device, a polarity (e.g. a 1 becomes a -1, a -1 becomes a 1, etc.) of one or more bits included in the second frame, with the toggling of one or of the multiple bits in the second frame are further related to 8A is illustrated. The preamble generator 114 can for example in block 1108A flip the polarity of every bit included in the second frame except for one or more pilot bits (e.g. the pilot bits used for phase tracking).

In block 1110A determines the preamble generator 114 whether it is desirable to flip the polarity of block 1108A to implement in the time domain or the frequency domain. In response to determining that it is desired to implement polarity flipping in the time domain, processing continues to block 1112A in which the preamble generator 114 flips the polarity of the one or more pilot bits (e.g., corresponding pilot bits) included in the second frame (e.g., the RL-SIG frame). In response to determining that it is desired to implement polarity flipping in the frequency domain, processing proceeds to block, in contrast 1114A in which the preamble generator 114 the polarity of the pilot bits does not change. In response to the completion of one of the block 1112A or block 1114A the program ends 1100A of 11A .

The program of 11B closes block 1102B one in which one of the exemplary STAs 104 , 106 , 108 Determines the wireless protocol associated with the STA. From one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 For example, it can be determined to be an NBT device. Alternatively, one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 determined to be an 11ax device. In any case, the preamble generator generates 114 in block 1104B a first frame (e.g., an L-SIG frame) that includes one or more signature bits corresponding to a second frame (e.g., an RL-SIG frame) (e.g., containing bits of identical polarity) ), including one or more signature bits. For example through the signature 812C which is illustrated in the bit sequence 806C and 810C of 8B may include the signature generated in the first frame (e.g. L-SIG) [+1 -1 -1 -1], and that generated in the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG) Signature can include [+1 -1 -1 -1].

The preamble generator 114 definitely in block 1106B based on the determination of block 1102B whether the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device. In response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device, processing continues to block 1108B . In response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is not an NBT device (e.g., an 11ax device, an 11a device, an 11n device, etc.), in contrast, the program ends 1100B of 11B .

In block 1108B the preamble generator flips 114 in response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device, a polarity (e.g. a 1 becomes a -1, a -1 becomes a 1, etc.) of one or more of the signature bits contained in the first frame (e.g. the L- SIG frame) and the second frame (e.g. the RL-SIG frame) are included, with the toggling of the one or more signature bits in the first frame and the second frame being further related to 8B is illustrated.

For example through the signature 812D which is illustrated in the bit sequence 806D and 810D of 8B after the polarity flip, the signature generated in the first frame (e.g. L-SIG) can include [-1 +1 +1 +1], and the signature generated in the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG) generated signature can include [-1 +1 +1 +1]. The toggle of every bit that is in the signature 812D is included when the signature is generated 812D in some examples, to maximize the Euclidean distance between the signatures (e.g. for detection purposes). In response to the completion of the polarity flip of the signature bits, the program ends 1100B of 11B .

The program of 11C closes block 1102C one in which one of the exemplary STAs 104 , 106 , 108 Determines the wireless protocol associated with the STA. From one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 For example, it can be determined to be an NBT device. Alternatively, one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 be determined to be an 11ax device. In any case, the preamble generator generates 114 in block 1104C a third frame (e.g. a HE-SIGA frame) including setting of a reserved bit. In some examples, setting the reserved bit can be in Block 1102C set the reserved bit to one of the polarities (e.g. 1 or -1).

The preamble generator 114 definitely in block 1106C based on the determination of block 1102C whether the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device. In response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device, processing continues to block 1108C . In response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is not an NBT device (e.g., an 11ax device, an 11a device, an 11n device, etc.), in contrast, the program ends 1100C of 11C .

In block 1108C the preamble generator flips 114 in response to determining that the appropriate one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 is an NBT device, a polarity (e.g. a 1 becomes a -1, a -1 becomes a 1, etc.) of the reserved bit included in the third frame (e.g. the HE-SIGA frame ) is included. In response to the completion of the polarity flip of the reserved bit, the program ends 1100C of 11C .

The program of 12th closes block 1202 one in which the exemplary component interface 302 of the exemplary preamble detector 120 that is in the AP 102 of 1 is included, a protocol data unit (e.g. the protocol data unit 700 of 7th ) including one or more frames from one of the exemplary STAs 104 , 106 , 108 about the radio architecture 110 receives. The received PPDU can, for example, at least a first frame (e.g. an L-SIG frame), a second frame (e.g. an RL-SIG frame) and a third frame (e.g. an HE-SIGA Frame).

The exemplary frame analyzer 304 that is in the preamble detector 120 is included, analyzed in block 1204 at least the first frame (e.g. the L-SIG frame) and the second frame (e.g. the RL-SIG frame) of the PPDU 700 . Analyzing the first frame and the second frame, in some examples, further includes analyzing one or more bits that are included in the first frame and the second frame. The frame analyzer 304 For example, compare the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame with the corresponding one or more bits of the second frame (such as in 8A illustrated). The frame analyzer 304 can, in still other examples, compare the polarity of one or more signature bits included in the first frame and the second frame with an expected polarity of the signature bits (as e.g. 8B illustrated).

The fixture determiner 306 definitely in block 1206 whether the polarity of one or more of the bits included in the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG) is flipped with respect to the corresponding bits included in the first frame (e.g. L -SIG). In response to determining that the polarity of the one or more of the bits has flipped, processing continues to block 1216 . Alternatively, in response to determining that the polarity of each bit of the second frame corresponds to the polarity of the corresponding bit of the first frame, processing continues to block 1208 .

The fixture determiner 306 definitely in block 1208 whether the polarity of one or more of the signature bits included in at least one of the first frame (e.g. L-SIG) or the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG) compared to the expected polarity of the exemplary signature bits is flipped. In response to determining that the polarity of one or more of the signature bits of the first frame and / or the second frame has flipped from the expected polarity, processing continues to block 1216 . Alternatively, in response to determining that each signature bit of the first frame and the second frame corresponds to the expected polarity, processing continues to block 1210 .

The exemplary frame analyzer 304 that is in the preamble detector 120 is included, analyzed in block 1210 at least a third frame (e.g. the HE-SIGA frame) of the PPDU 700 . Analyzing the third frame, in some examples, further includes analyzing a reserved bit included in the third frame. The frame analyzer 304 for example, compare the polarity of the reserved bit included in the third frame with an expected polarity.

The fixture determiner 306 definitely in block 1212 whether the polarity of a reserved bit included in the third frame (e.g. HE-SIGA) is at least one that corresponds to the expected polarity, or is flipped (e.g. reversed) with respect to the expected polarity. In response to determining that the reserved bit corresponds to the expected polarity (e.g., the reserved bit is not toggled / reversed), processing continues to block 1214 . In response to determining that the reserved bit does not match the expected polarity (e.g., the reserved bit is toggled / reversed), processing continues to block 1216 .

In block 1214 determines the fixture determiner 310 that is in the preamble detector 120 includes, in response to each of the determination that the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG-frame) corresponds to the first frame (e.g., L-SIG-frame), that the polarity of one in the first frame (e.g. L-SIG frame) and / or the signature bits included in the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG frame) has the expected polarity, and / or in the third frame (e.g. HE- SIGA frame) enclosed reserved bit has the expected polarity that the communication device (e.g. one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 ) is at least one of an 11ax or other legacy device (e.g., 11a device, 11ac device, 11n device, etc.), and the program 1200 of 12th ends.

In block 1216 determines the fixture determiner 310 that is in the preamble detector 120 is included in response to one of the determination that one or more bits in the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG frame) are in polarity compared to the corresponding bits in the first frame (e.g., L- SIG frame) are flipped so that the polarity of a signature bit included in the first frame (e.g. L-SIG frame) and / or the second frame (e.g. RL-SIG frame) is flipped with respect to the expected polarity is, and / or the reserved bit, which is included in the third frame (e.g. HE-SIGA frame) is flipped with respect to the expected polarity that the communication device (e.g. one of the STAs 104 , 106 , 108 ) is an NBT device, and the program 1200 of 12th ends.

13th Figure 3 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 110A , B, C, D in accordance with some embodiments included in any of the exemplary AP 102 , the exemplary established STA 104 and / or the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 can be implemented. The radio architecture 110A , B, C, D can circuit (s) for the radio front-end module (FEM) 1304a-b , Radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b and baseband processing circuit (s) 1308a-b lock in. The radio architecture shown 110A , B, C, D shows both wireless local area network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality, although the embodiments are not subject to such restrictions. In this Revelation, "WLAN" and "Wi-Fi" are used interchangeably.

FEM circuit (s) 1304a-b can / can use a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuit 1304a and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuit 1304b lock in. The WLAN FEM circuit 1304a may include a receive signal path that includes circuit (s) configured to operate with WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 1301 received in order to amplify the received signals and the amplified versions of the received signals for further processing by the WLAN radio integrated circuit 1306a provide. The BT-FEM circuit 1304b may include a receive signal path that may include circuit (s) configured to operate with BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 1301 received to amplify the received signals and the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio integrated circuit for further processing 1306b provide. FEM circuit 1304a may also include a transmission signal path that may include circuit (s) configured to transmit WLAN signals transmitted by the radio integrated circuit 1306a are provided for wireless transmission through one or more of the antennas 1301 to reinforce. FEM circuit 1304b may additionally include a transmission signal path that may include circuit (s) configured to receive BT signals transmitted by the radio integrated circuit 1306b may be provided for wireless transmission through the one or more antennas. In the embodiment of 13th subject to the embodiments, although FEM 1304a and FEM 1304b shown separately do not have such restrictions and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmission path and / or a reception path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEMs Circuit (s) where at least some of the FEM circuits share transmission and / or reception signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

Radio IC Circuit (s) 1306a-b can / can wifi radio ic circuit as shown 1306a and BT radio IC circuit 1306b lock in. The WLAN radio IC circuit 1306a may include a received signal path, the circuit (s) for down-converting WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuit 1304a and providing baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 1308a may include. BT radio IC circuit 1306b may in turn include a receive signal path, the circuit (s) for down-converting BT-RF signals from the FEM circuit 1304b and providing baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 1308b may include. WLAN radio IC circuit 1306a may also include a transmission signal path, circuit (e) for upconverting WLAN baseband signals transmitted by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 1308a and for providing WLAN RF output signals to FEM circuitry 1304a for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 1301 may include. BT radio IC circuit 1306b may also include a transmission signal path, the circuit (e) for up-converting BT baseband signals transmitted by the BT baseband processing circuit 1308b and for providing BT RF output signals to FEM circuitry 1304b for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 1301 may include. In the embodiment of 13th are subject to the embodiments although radio integrated circuit circuits 1306a and 1306b shown separately do not have such limitations and include within their scope the use of radio integrated circuit (s) (not shown) that include a transmit signal path and / or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals , or the use of one or more radio integrated circuits, wherein at least some of the radio integrated circuits share transmission and / or reception signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

Baseband processing circuit (s) 1308a-b can use a WLAN baseband processing circuit 1308a and a BT baseband processing circuit 1308b lock in. The WLAN baseband processing circuit 1308a may include memory such as a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 1308a . Each from the WiFi baseband circuit 1308a and the BT baseband circuit 1308b may further include one or more processors and control logic to control the radio IC circuit (s) from the appropriate WLAN or BT receive signal path 1306a-b to process received signals. Each of the baseband processing circuits 1308a and 1308b may further include physical layer (PHY) and media access control layer (MAC) circuit (s) for generating and processing the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b lock in.

With reference to 13th can / can according to the embodiment shown WLAN-BT coexistence circuit (s) 1313 Include logic that provides an interface between the WiFi baseband circuitry 1308a and the BT baseband circuit 1308b to enable use cases that require the coexistence of WLAN and BT. It can also be used between the WLAN FEM circuit 1304a and the BT-FEM circuit 1304b a switch 1303 can be provided to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radio functions according to the requirements of the application. Though the antennas 1301 than each with the WLAN FEM circuit 1304a and the BT-FEM circuit 1304b As shown connected, embodiments include within their scope sharing one or more antennas between the WLAN and BT FEMS, or providing more than one antenna in connection with each of the FEMs 1304a or 1304b a.

In some embodiments, the front end module circuit (s) 1304a-b , the radio integrated circuit (s) 3206a - b and the baseband processing circuit (s) 1308a-b be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 1302 . In some other embodiments, the one or more antennas 1301 , the FEM circuit (s) 1304a-b and the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b can be provided on a single radio card. In some other embodiments, the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b and the baseband processing circuit (s) 1308a-b on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 1312 .

The wireless card 1302 In some embodiments, may include a WLAN radio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in these respects. The radio architecture 110A , B, C, D can be configured in some of these embodiments to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multi-carrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMA signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal sub-carriers.

In some of these multi-carrier environments, the radio architecture can 110A , B, C, D may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA), such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station, or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device. The radio architecture 110A , B, C, D in some of these embodiments can be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and / or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards, including the 802.11n standards. 2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, 802.11n-2009, 802.11ac, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay and / or 802.11ax and / or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of the embodiments in this regard does not Subject to restrictions. The radio architecture 110A , B, C, D may also be suitable for transmitting and / or receiving communications according to other techniques and standards.

The radio architecture 110A , B, C, D may, in some embodiments, be configured for high efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communications according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The radio architecture 110A , B, C, D in these embodiments can be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not subject to any restrictions in this regard.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 110A , B, C, D can be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques, such as frequency spread modulation (e.g. direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and / or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time division multiplex (TDM) modulation and / or frequency division multiplex (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, as in 13th can be seen in more detail, the BT baseband circuit 1308b be compliant with a bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard, such as bluetooth, bluetooth 14.0 or bluetooth 12.0 or any other iterations of the Bluetooth standard. In embodiments that include BT functionality, such as in 13th is shown, the radio architecture 110A , B, C, D can be configured to set up a synchronous connection-oriented (SCO) BT link and / or an energy-saving BT (BT LE) link. In some of these embodiments that include functionality, the radio architecture 110A , B, C, D can be configured to set up an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. In some of these embodiments that include BT functionality, the radio architecture can be configured to engage in asynchronous connectionless (ACL) Communications occur, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. In some embodiments, as in 13th is shown, the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card can be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as the single wireless radio card 1302 although the embodiments are not subject to such restrictions and include discrete WLAN and BT radio cards within their scope.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 110A , B, C, D include other wireless cards, such as cellular cards configured for cellular communications (e.g. 5GPP, such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, or 7G communications).

In some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, the radio architecture may 110A , B, C, D can be configured to communicate over various channel bandwidths, including bandwidths with center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and bandwidths of about 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 5.5 MHz, 6 MHz , 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80 + 80 MHz (160 MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). In some embodiments, a channel bandwidth of 920 MHz can be used. However, the scope of the embodiments is not restricted in any way with regard to the above center frequencies.

14th illustrates WLAN FEM circuit 1304a according to some embodiments. Although the example of 14th related to the WLAN FEM circuit 1304a is described, the example of 14th in connection with the exemplary BT-FEM circuit 1304b ( 13th ), although other circuit configurations may be suitable.

The FEM circuit 1304a may, in some embodiments, be a TX / RX switch 1402 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuit 1304a may include a reception signal path and a transmission signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuit 1304a can use a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 1406 for amplifying received RF signals 1403 and providing the amplified received RF signals 1407 make available as output (e.g. to the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b ( 13th )). The circuit's transmission signal path 1304a can use a power amplifier (PA) to amplify incoming RF signals 1409 (e.g. provided by the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b ) and one or more filters 1312 Include, such as band pass filters (BPFs), low pass filters (LPFs), or other types of filters, to remove RF signals 1315 for subsequent transmission (e.g. through one or more of the antennas 1301 ) ( 13th )) via an exemplary duplexer 1414 to generate.

In some dual mode designs for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuit can 1304a be configured to work either in the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or in the 12 GHz frequency spectrum. The receive signal path of the FEM circuit 1304a In these embodiments, a receive signal path duplexer can be used 1404 to separate the signals from each spectrum and a separate LNA 1406 for each spectrum as shown. In these embodiments, a transmission signal path of the FEM circuit 1304a also a power amplifier 1410 and a filter 1412 such as a BPF, an LPF or other type of filter, for each frequency spectrum and a transmission signal path duplexer 1404 include the signals from one of the different spectra on a single transmission path for subsequent transmission through the one or more of the antennas 1301 to provide ( 13th ). BT communications, in some embodiments, can use the 2.4 GHz signal paths and can use the same FEM circuit 1304a that is also used for wireless LAN communications.

15th illustrates radio IC circuit 1306a according to some embodiments. The radio IC circuit 1306a is an example of a circuit suitable for use as a WLAN or BT radio IC circuit 1306a / 1306b ( 13th ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. The example of 15th can alternatively be used in conjunction with the exemplary BT radio IC circuit 1306b to be discribed.

The radio IC circuit 1306a In some embodiments, may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the radio IC circuit 1306a can have at least one mixer circuit 1502 such as the down conversion mixer circuit, amplifier circuit 1506 and filter circuit 1508 lock in. The transmission signal path of the radio IC circuit 1306a can at least filter circuit 1512 and mixer circuit 1514 such as the up-conversion mixer circuit. Radio IC circuit 1306a can also use synthesizer circuit 1504 to synthesize a frequency 1505 for use by the mixer circuit 1502 and the mixer circuit 1514 lock in. The mixer circuit 1502 and or 1514 may each be configured in accordance with some embodiments to provide direct conversion functionality. The latter type of circuit results in one much simpler architecture compared to standard super-heterodyne mixer circuits, and any flicker noise that can be introduced by this can be alleviated, for example, by using OFDM modulation. 15th illustrates only a simplified version of a radio integrated circuit circuit and, although not shown, may include embodiments in which any of the circuits depicted may include more than one component. Mixer circuit 1514 for example, each may include one or more mixers, and filter circuits 1508 and or 1512 each may include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and / or LPFs, according to the requirements of the application. For example, if mixer circuits are of the direct conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.

Mixer circuit 1502 may, in some embodiments, be configured to receive RF signals 1407 used by the FEM circuit (s) 1304a-b ( 13th ) based on the synthesized frequency 1505 passing through synthesizer circuit 1504 is provided to convert downwards. The amplifier circuit 1506 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuit 1508 may include an LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to output baseband signals 1507 to generate. Output baseband signals 1507 can use the baseband processing circuit (s) 1308a-b ( 13th ) can be made available for further processing. The output baseband signals 1507 may, in some embodiments, be zero frequency baseband signals, although this is not required. Mixer circuit 1502 may include passive mixers in some embodiments, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

The mixer circuit 1514 may, in some embodiments, be used to up-convert input baseband signals 1511 based on the synthesized frequency 1505 configured by the synthesizer circuit 1504 is provided to RF output signals 1409 for the FEM circuit (s) 1304a-b to generate. The baseband signals 1411 can use the baseband processing circuit (s) 1308a-b and can be provided by filter circuit 1512 be filtered. The filter circuit 1512 may include an LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

The mixer circuit 1502 and the mixer circuit 1514 may each include two or more mixers in these embodiments and may perform quadrature down-conversion and / or up-conversion, each with the aid of the synthesizer 1504 be provided. The mixer circuit 1502 and the mixer circuit 1514 In some embodiments, each may include two or more mixers, each configured for mirror selection (e.g., Hartley mirror selection). The mixer circuit 1502 and the mixer circuit 1514 may be provided for direct down-conversion and / or direct up-conversion in some embodiments. The mixer circuit 1502 and the mixer circuit 1514 may be intended for super heterodyne operation in some embodiments, although this is not a requirement.

Mixer circuit 1502 may, according to one embodiment, comprise: quadrature passive mixers (e.g. for the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths). In such an embodiment, RF input signal 1307 of 14th downconverted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor.

Quadrature passive mixers can be driven by zero and ninety degree time varying LO switching signals provided by quadrature circuitry that can be configured to receive a LO frequency (fLO), such as the LO, from a local oscillator or synthesizer -Frequency 1505 of the synthesizer 1504 ( 15th ). In some embodiments, the LO frequency can be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments the LO frequency can be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., half the carrier frequency, one third the carrier frequency). The switching signals, which vary in time by zero and ninety degrees, can be generated by the synthesizer in some embodiments, although the scope of the embodiments is not subject to any restrictions in this regard.

In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of a period in which the LO signal is high) and / or in offset (the difference between starting points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signals have a duty cycle of 85% and an offset of 80%. Each branch of the mixer circuit (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths) can, in some embodiments, operate with a duty cycle of 80%, which can result in a significant reduction in its power consumption.

The RF input signal 1407 ( 14th ) may include a balanced signal in some embodiments, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard subject. The I and Q baseband output signals can be provided by a low noise amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 1506 ( 15th ) or filter circuit 1508 ( 15th ).

The output baseband signals 1507 and the input baseband signals 1511 may in some embodiments be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. The output baseband signals 1507 and the input baseband signals 1511 may be digital baseband signals in some alternative embodiments. In these alternative embodiments, the radio integrated circuit circuit may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In some dual mode embodiments, a separate radio integrated circuit may be provided to process signals from each spectrum or other spectra not mentioned herein, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

The synthesizer circuit 1504 may be a non-integer N synthesizer or a non-integer N / N + 1 synthesizer in some embodiments, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. Synthesizer circuit 1504 can for example be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier or a synthesizer which comprises a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. The synthesizer circuit 1504 may include digital synthesizer circuit (s) in accordance with some embodiments. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuit is that, while it can still include some analog components, its pad can be scaled down much more than the pad of an analog synthesizer circuit. The frequency input into synthesizer circuitry 1504 may in some embodiments be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although this is not a must. A divider control input may also be passed through one of the baseband processing circuitry 1308a-b ( 13th ) depending on the desired output frequency 1505 to be provided. A splitter control input (e.g., N) may, in some embodiments, be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency, such as by the exemplary application processor 1310 is determined or specified. The application processor 1310 can be one of the exemplary tape analyzer 112 and the exemplary preamble determiner 114 and / or the exemplary operations manager 116 , the exemplary training sequence generator 117 and the exemplary parameter memory 118 or otherwise associated therewith (e.g., depending on which device the exemplary radio architecture is implemented on).

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1504 be configured to use a carrier frequency as the output frequency 1505 to generate while the output frequency 1505 in other embodiments may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g. half the carrier frequency, one third the carrier frequency). The output frequency 1505 may be a LO frequency (fLO) in some embodiments.

16 Figure 11 illustrates a functional block diagram of the baseband processing circuit 1308a according to some embodiments. The baseband processing circuit 1308a Figure 3 is an example of a circuit suitable for use as a baseband processing circuit 1308a ( 13th ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. The example of 15th can alternatively be used to build the exemplary BT baseband processing circuitry 1308b of 13th to implement.

The baseband processing circuit 1308a can use a receiving baseband processor (RX-BBP) 1602 for processing reception baseband signals 1509 used by the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b ( 12th ) and a transmission baseband processor (TX-BBP) 1604 for generating transmission baseband signals 1511 for the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b lock in. The baseband processing circuit 1308a can also control logic 1606 to coordinate the operations of the baseband circuit 1308a lock in.

In some embodiments (e.g., when between baseband processing circuitry 1308a-b and the radio IC circuits 1306a-b analog baseband signals are exchanged) the baseband processing circuit 1308a ADC 1610 for converting analog baseband signals 1609 used by the radio IC circuit (s) 1306a-b into digital baseband signals for processing by the RX-BBP 1602 lock in. The baseband processing circuit 1208a can also DAC in these embodiments 1612 for converting digital baseband signals from the TX-BBP 1604 into analog baseband signals 1611 lock in.

In some embodiments, the OFDM signals or OFDMA signals communicate, such as through baseband processor 1308a , can he Transmission baseband processor 1604 be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as needed for transmission by performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The receiving baseband processor 1602 can be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. The receiving baseband processor 1602 may, in some embodiments, be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing autocorrelation to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing cross-correlation to detect a long preamble to detect. The preambles can be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.

Again in terms of 13th can the antennas 1301 ( 13th ) in some embodiments each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, which include, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas and other types of antennas that are suitable for the transmission of RF signals. In some multiple input multiple output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas can be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that can result. Antennas 1301 may each include a set of phased antennas, although the embodiments are not subject to such limitations.

Although the radio architecture 110A , B, C, D is shown as having multiple separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements can be combined and can be implemented by combinations of software configured elements such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs) and / or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuit (s) to at least include those described herein Perform functions. The functional elements, in some embodiments, may refer to one or more processes running on one or more processing elements.

17th Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary processor platform 1700 that is structured around the instructions of the 9 to 12th to run the exemplary AP 102 and / or one of the exemplary established STAs 104 or the exemplary non-established STAs 106 , 108 of 1 to implement. The processor platform 1700 For example, a server, a personal computer (PC), a workstation, a self-learning machine (e.g. a neural network), a mobile device (e.g. a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, such as an i-pad) ™), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet device, a DVD player, a CD player, a digital video recorder, a Blu-Ray player, a game console, a personal video recorder, a set-top box, a Be a headset or other portable device ("wearable") or other type of computing device.

The processor platform 1700 of the illustrated example includes a processor 1712 a. The processor 1712 of the illustrated example is hardware. The processor 1712 For example, it can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors, GPUs, DSPs, or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer. The hardware processor may be a semiconductor (e.g., silicon) based device. In this example, the processor implements the example tape analyzer 112 including the exemplary component interface 202 , the exemplary tape partitioner 204 , the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 , the exemplary punctured subband determiner 208 and the exemplary tape post processor 210 and the exemplary preamble generator 114 or the exemplary preamble detector 120 including the exemplary component interface 302 , the exemplary operations manager 116 and the exemplary training sequence generator 117 (e.g. where the processor 1712 only one of the above sentences based on the location of the processor 1712 implemented).

The processor 1712 of the illustrated example includes local storage 1713 a (e.g. a cache). The processor 1712 of the illustrated example is via a bus 1718 in communication with a main memory, which is a volatile memory 1714 and a non-volatile memory 1716 includes. The volatile memory 1714 can be implemented using Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUSOO Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM®), and / or any other type of random access memory (RAM) device. The non-volatile memory 1716 can be implemented using flash memory and / or any other desired type of storage device. Access to the main memory 1714 , 1716 is controlled by a storage controller.

The processor platform 1700 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit 1720 a. The interface circuit 1720 can be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a Bluetooth® interface, a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface, and / or a PCI Express interface.

The example illustrated is with the interface circuit 1720 one or more input devices 1722 connected. The input device (s) 1722 let a user enter data and / or instructions into the processor 1812 enter. The input device (s) can, for example, be an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still image or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a trackpad, a trackball, an isopoint and / or a voice recognition system implemented.

One or more output devices 1724 are also with the interface circuit 1720 of the illustrated example. The output devices 1724 For example, display devices (e.g. a light-emitting diode (LED), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube display (CRT), an in-place switching) (IPS) display, a touch screen, etc.), a tactile output device, a printer and / or loudspeaker can be implemented. The interface circuit 1720 of the illustrated example thus typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip, and / or a graphics driver processor.

The interface circuit 1720 of the illustrated example also includes a communication device, such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem, a residential gateway, a wireless access point and / or a network interface in order to exchange data with external machines (e.g. computing devices of any type) a network 1726 to facilitate. For example, communication can be via an Ethernet connection, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection, a telephone line connection, a coaxial cable system, a satellite system, a line-of-sight wireless system, a cellular telephone system, and so on.

The processor platform 1700 The illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices 1728 for storing software and / or data. Examples of such mass storage devices 1728 These include floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, compact disk drives, drives for Blu-Ray disks, redundant array of independent disks (RAID) systems, and drives for digital versatile disks (DVDs).

The machine executable instructions 1732 the 9 to 12th can in the mass storage device 1728 , in volatile memory 1714 , in the non-volatile memory 1716 and / or stored on a removable non-transitory computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.

It can be seen from the foregoing that exemplary methods, devices, and articles of manufacture have been disclosed that help ensure that a non-established device (e.g., an AP and / or an STA) does not have communications from established devices will interfere (e.g. by helping to ensure that the non-established device is not attempting to communicate on a sub-band used for communication by the established device) and by helping that it is ensured that 11ax devices (e.g. an AP and / or an STA) and NBT devices can distinguish one another in the target frequency band.

Example 1 includes an apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus having a punctured subband determiner to analyze a subband of the target frequency band to determine whether the subband includes a training sequence, which has been embedded by an access point and determines that the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device if the sub-band includes the training sequence and comprises a band post-processor to determine a contiguous band to be used for communication, wherein the contiguous band is based on one or more adjacent unused sub-bands.

Example 2 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the sub-band is a first sub-band, and the punctured sub-band determiner is further used to analyze at least a second sub-band included in the target frequency band.

Example 3 includes the apparatus of Example 1 further including a band partitioner for determining a minimum size of the sub-band of the target frequency band as defined by the access point and partitioning the target frequency band into sub-bands of a size corresponding to the determined minimum size.

Example 4 includes the apparatus of Example 1 further including a training sequence identifier for retrieving a reference training sequence from a database, the reference training sequence as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence.

Example 5 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the non-established devices serve at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point on the contiguous tape determined by the tape post processor.

Example 6 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the punctured subband determiner updates a determination of the contiguous band to be used for communication based on a scheme as defined by the access point.

Example 7 includes the apparatus of Example 1 with the training sequence enclosed in a short training field of a preamble which is enclosed in a log data unit.

Example 8 includes a method of facilitating wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band, the method analyzing a sub-band of the target frequency band to determine whether the sub-band includes a training sequence embedded by an access point whether the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device in response to the sub-band including the training sequence and comprising combining one or more adjacent unused sub-bands to generate a contiguous band to be used for communication.

Example 9 includes the method of Example 8, wherein the sub-band is a first sub-band, and further including analyzing at least a second sub-band included in the target frequency band.

Example 10 includes the method of Example 8 which further includes determining a minimum size of the sub-band of the target frequency band as defined by the access point and partitioning the target frequency band into sub-bands of a size corresponding to the determined minimum size.

Example 11 includes the method of Example 8 further including retrieving a reference training sequence from a database, the reference training sequence as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence.

Example 12 includes the method of Example 8 further including at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point with the non-established device on the contiguous band.

Example 13 includes the method of Example 8 further including updating a determination of the contiguous band to be used for communication based on a scheme as defined by the access point.

Example 14 includes the method of Example 8 with the training sequence enclosed in a short training field of a preamble which is enclosed in a log data unit.

Example 15 includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to analyze at least one sub-band of a target frequency band to determine whether the sub-band includes a training sequence that has been embedded by an access point, that the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device if the sub-band includes the training sequence and determines a contiguous band to be used for communication, the contiguous band being based on one or more adjacent unused sub-bands.

Example 16 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 15, wherein the sub-band is a first sub-band and further includes instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to analyze at least a second sub-band included in the target frequency band.

Example 17 includes the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to determine at least a minimum size of the sub-band of the target frequency band as defined by the access point and partition the target frequency band into sub-bands of a size that corresponds to the specified minimum size.

Example 18 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 15, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to have at least one Retrieves reference training sequence from a database, the reference training sequence as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence.

Example 19 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 15, wherein a non-established device serves at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point on the contiguous tape.

Example 20 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 15, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to have at least one determination of the contiguous band to be used for communication based on a scheme as defined by the access point , updated.

Example 21 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 15, wherein the training sequence is enclosed in a short training field of a preamble which is enclosed in a log data unit.

Example 22 includes a device for facilitating wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band, the device having an operations manager for determining whether a sub-band of a target frequency band used by an access point is unused by an established device, and a training sequence generator for embedding a training sequence in a frame of the sub-band of the target frequency band, the training sequence serving to notify a non-established device communicating with the access point that the sub-band is unused.

Example 23 includes the apparatus of Example 22, wherein the training sequence generator determines the sub-band used by the established device based on a listing of established devices using the access point, the listing being stored in a database.

Example 24 includes the device of Example 22, wherein the training sequence generator outputs the training sequence on the unused subband to a radio architecture, the radio architecture further serving to broadcast the training sequence to a non-established device. The apparatus of example 22, wherein the access point is for at least one of receiving a data packet from the non-established device or transmitting a data packet to the non-established device on the sub-band.

Example 25 includes the apparatus of Example 22, wherein the access point is for at least one of receiving a data packet from the non-established device or transmitting a data packet to the non-established device on the sub-band.

Example 26 includes an apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising a frame analyzer for detecting a polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit and a device determiner to determine a device based on the polarity of the bit as one of a first type of device communicating with an access point and a second type of device communicating with the access point.

Example 27 includes the apparatus of Example 26, wherein the frame analyzer is further used to determine a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit and determine a polarity of at least one of a bit , a pilot bit or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit is used.

Example 28 includes the apparatus of Example 27, the device determiner further for determining that the device is of the first device type if the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to or the polarity of each of the corresponding bits of the second frame of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed and for determining that the device is of the second device type when the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is reversed with respect to one or more corresponding bits of the second frame, or the polarity of at least one of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is reversed.

Example 29 includes the apparatus of Example 26, wherein the frame analyzer is further used to determine a polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

Example 30 includes the apparatus of Example 29, wherein the device determiner is further used to determine that the device is of the first device type if the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity and to determine that the device is of the second Device type is when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a second polarity different from the first polarity.

Example 31 includes the apparatus of Examples 26-30, wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol.

Example 32 includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that includes instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to detect at least one polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit that determines that a device communicating with an access point is from is a first type of device when the polarity of the bit is a first polarity and determines that the device communicating with the access point is of a second type of device when the polarity of the bit is a second polarity.

Example 33 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 32, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to determine at least one of a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit and a Polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit is determined.

Example 34 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 33, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least determine that the device is of the first device type if the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame is each of the corresponding bits of the second frame, or the polarity of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed, and determines that the device is of the second device type if the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame versus one or more corresponding ones Bits of the second frame is reversed, or the polarity of at least one of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is reversed.

Example 35 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 32, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to determine at least one polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

Example 36 includes the computer readable storage medium of Example 35, further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least determine that the device is of the first device type if the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity, and determines that the device is of the second device type if the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a second polarity different from the first polarity.

Example 37 includes the computer readable storage medium of Examples 32 through 36, wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol.

Example 38 includes a method of facilitating wireless connectivity for devices in a target frequency band, the method detecting a polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit, determining that a device communicating with an access point is of a first device type, if the polarity of the bit is a first polarity, and determining that the device communicating with the access point is of a second device type if the polarity of the bit is a second polarity.

Example 39 includes the method of example 38, further determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit and determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a Signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

Example 40 includes the method of Example 39 further determining that the device is of the first device type in response to the polarity of, or the polarity of, each of the bits of the first frame corresponding to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed, and comprises determining that the device is the second type of device in response to the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame versus one or more corresponding bits of the second frame is reversed, or the polarity of at least one of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is reversed.

Example 41 includes the method of Example 38 that further includes determining a polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

Example 42 includes the method of Example 41 further determining that the device is of the first device type in response to determining that the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity and determining that the A device is of the second type of device, in response thereto, including determining that the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a second polarity different from the first polarity.

Example 43 includes the method of Examples 38-42, wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol.

Example 44 includes an apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising a preamble generator for reversing or maintaining at least one of a polarity of a bit included in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit, the polarity of the bit serves to distinguish a device as one of a first type of device communicating with an access point or a second type of device communicating with the access point.

Example 45 includes the apparatus of Example 44, wherein the bit is generated in at least one of a first frame, a second frame, or a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

Example 46 includes the device of Example 45, wherein the preamble generator generates a first signature bit in the first frame and a second signature bit in the second frame, the first and second signature bits corresponding to a first set of polarities when the device is the first device type and correspond to a second set of polarities which is reversed from the first set of polarities when the device is of the second type of device.

Example 47 includes the device of Example 45, wherein the preamble generator generates the bit in the first frame to correspond to a polarity of a corresponding bit of the second frame when the device is the first device type and a reverse polarity to the corresponding bit of the second frame if the device is the second device type.

Example 48 includes the apparatus of Example 47, wherein the preamble generator generates a pilot bit in the first frame to correspond to a polarity of a corresponding pilot bit of the second frame when bit generation is completed in a frequency domain and a reverse polarity to the corresponding one Pilot bit of the second frame corresponds to when the device when bit generation is completed in a time domain.

Example 49 includes the device of Example 45, wherein the preamble generator generates the bit included in the third frame to have a first polarity if the device is the first device type and a second polarity if the Device is the second type of device.

Example 50 includes the apparatus of Examples 44-49, where the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol.

While certain exemplary methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture are disclosed herein, the scope of this patent is not so limited. On the contrary, this patent covers all processes, devices, and articles of manufacture which, when viewed fairly, fall within the scope of the claims of this patent.

Claims (50)

An apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising: a dotted subband determiner for: Analyzing a sub-band of the target frequency band to determine whether the sub-band includes a training sequence embedded by an access point; and Determining whether the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device if the sub-band includes the training sequence; and a band post processor for determining a contiguous band to be used for communication, the contiguous band being based on one or more adjacent idle sub-bands. Device after Claim 1 wherein the sub-band is a first sub-band, and the punctured sub-band determiner is further for analyzing at least a second sub-band included in the target frequency band. Device after Claim 1 , further including a band partitioner for: determining a minimum size of the sub-band of the target frequency band as defined by the access point; and Partition the target frequency band into subbands with a size corresponding to the specified minimum size. Device after Claim 1 , further including a training sequence identifier for retrieving a reference training sequence from a database, the reference training sequence as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence. Device after Claim 1 wherein the non-established devices serve at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point on the contiguous tape determined by the tape post processor. Device after Claim 1 wherein the punctured subband determiner updates a determination of the contiguous band to be used for the communication based on a scheme as defined by the access point. Device after Claim 1 wherein the training sequence is included in a short training field of a preamble which is included in a log data unit. A method of facilitating wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band, the method comprising: Analyzing a sub-band of the target frequency band to determine whether the sub-band includes a training sequence embedded by an access point; In response to the sub-band including the training sequence, determining whether the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device; and Combining one or more adjacent unused sub-bands to generate a contiguous band to be used for communication. Procedure according to Claim 8 wherein the sub-band is a first sub-band, and further including analyzing at least a second sub-band included in the target frequency band. Procedure according to Claim 8 , further including: determining a minimum size of the sub-band of the target frequency band as defined by the access point; and partitioning the target frequency band into subbands of a size corresponding to the determined minimum size. Procedure according to Claim 8 , further including retrieving a reference training sequence from a database, the reference training sequence as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence. Procedure according to Claim 8 , further including at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point with the non-established device on the contiguous band. Procedure according to Claim 8 , further including updating a determination of the contiguous band to be used for the communication based on a scheme as defined by the access point. Procedure according to Claim 8 wherein the training sequence is included in a short training field of a preamble which is included in a log data unit. Non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to do at least one of the following: Analyzing a sub-band of a target frequency band to determine whether the sub-band includes a training sequence embedded by an access point; Determining whether the sub-band of the target frequency band is unused by an established device if the sub-band includes the training sequence; and Determining a contiguous band to be used for communication, the contiguous band being based on one or more adjacent idle sub-bands. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 15 wherein the sub-band is a first sub-band and further includes instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to analyze at least a second sub-band included in the target frequency band. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 15 further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to perform at least one of the following: determining a minimum size of the sub-band of the target frequency band as defined by the access point; and Partition the target frequency band into subbands with a size corresponding to the specified minimum size. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 15 further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to retrieve at least one reference training sequence from a database, the reference training sequence as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 15 wherein a non-established device serves at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point on the contiguous band. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 15 , further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to update at least one determination of the contiguous band to be used for communication based on a scheme as defined by the access point. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 15 wherein the training sequence is included in a short training field of a preamble which is included in a log data unit. An apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for established devices and non-established devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising: an operation manager to determine a sub-band of a target frequency band used by an access point and not used by an established device; and a training sequence generator to embed a training sequence in a frame of the sub-band of the target frequency band, the training sequence serving to notify a non-established device communicating with the access point that the sub-band is unused. Device after Claim 22 wherein the training sequence generator determines the sub-band used by the established device based on a listing of established devices using the access point, the listing being stored in a database. Device after Claim 22 , the training sequence generator outputting the training sequence on the unused sub-band to a radio architecture, the radio architecture also serving to broadcast the training sequence to a non-established device. Device after Claim 22 wherein the access point is for at least one of receiving a data packet from the non-established device or transmitting a data packet to the non-established device on the sub-band. An apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising: a frame analyzer for detecting a polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit; and a device determiner to distinguish a device as one of a first type of device communicating with an access point and a second type of device communicating with the access point based on the polarity of the bit. Device after Claim 26 wherein the frame analyzer further performs: determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit; and determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. Device after Claim 27 wherein the device determiner further serves to: determine that the device is of the first device type when: the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame; or the polarity of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame is not reversed, and determining that the device is of the second device type if: the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame versus one or more corresponding bits of the second frame is reversed; or the polarity of at least one of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is reversed. Device after Claim 26 wherein the frame analyzer further serves to determine a polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. Device after Claim 29 , wherein the device determiner is further for determining that the device is of the first device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity and is for determining that the device is of the second device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a second polarity that is opposite differs from the first polarity. Device according to the Claims 26 to 30th wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol. Non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to do at least one of the following: Detecting a polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit; Determining that a device communicating with an access point is of a first device type if the polarity of the bit is a first polarity; and Determine that the device communicating with the access point is of a second device type if the polarity of the bit is a second polarity. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 32 further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to perform at least one of the following: determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit; and determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of t. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 33 further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to perform at least one of the following: determining that the device is of the first device type if: the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame; or the polarity of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame is not reversed, and determining that the device is of the second device type if: the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame versus one or more corresponding bits of the second frame is reversed; or the polarity of at least one of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is reversed. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 32 , further including instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to determine at least one polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. Computer-readable storage medium according to Claim 35 , further including instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least determine that the device is of the first device type if the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity and determines that the device is of the second device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a second polarity different from the first polarity. Computer-readable storage medium according to the Claims 32 to 36 wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol. A method of facilitating wireless connectivity for devices in a target frequency band, the method comprising: Detecting a polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit; Determining that a device communicating with an access point is of the first device type if the polarity of the bit is a first polarity; and If the polarity of the bit is a second polarity, determining that the device communicating with the access point is of the second device type. Procedure according to Claim 38 further including: determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit; and determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. Procedure according to Claim 39 further including: determining that the device is of the first device type in response to: the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponding to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame; or the polarity of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed; and determining that the device is of the second device type in response to: the polarity of one or more bits in the first frame is reversed from one or more corresponding bits in the second frame; or the polarity of at least one of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is reversed. Procedure according to Claim 38 which further includes determining a polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. Procedure according to Claim 41 , further determining that the device is of the first device type in response to determining that the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity and determining that the device is of the second device type in response thereto includes determining that the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a second polarity different from the first polarity. Procedure according to the Claims 38 to 42 wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol. An apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for devices in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising: a preamble generator for reversing or maintaining a polarity of a bit included in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit, at least one of, the polarity of the bit for distinguishing a device as one of a first type of device communicating with an access point, or a second type of device that communicates with the access point. Device after Claim 44 wherein the bit is generated in at least one of a first frame, a second frame, or a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. Device after Claim 45 wherein the preamble generator generates a first signature bit in the first frame and a second signature bit in the second frame, the first and second signature bits corresponding to a first set of polarities when the device is of the first device type and corresponding to a second set of polarities which is reversed to the first set of polarities when the device is of the second device type. Device after Claim 45 wherein the preamble generator generates the bit in the first frame to correspond to a polarity of a corresponding bit of the second frame when the device is of the first device type and to a reverse polarity to the corresponding bit of the second frame when the device is from second type of device. Device after Claim 47 wherein the preamble generator generates a pilot bit in the first frame to correspond to a polarity of a corresponding pilot bit of the second frame when bit generation is completed in a frequency domain and to a reverse polarity to the corresponding pilot bit of the second frame when the device when bit generation is completed in a time domain. Device after Claim 45 wherein the preamble generator generates the bit included in the third frame to have a first polarity when the device is the first device type and a second polarity when the device is the second device type. Device according to the Claims 44 to 49 wherein the first type of device adheres to a first protocol and the second type of device adheres to a second protocol.

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