DE112018002481B4 - A breathable plug used to ventilate and stir a furnace bottom and a metal furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

A breathable plug (100) which is used to ventilate and stir a furnace floor and which is attached to the floor of the furnace body of the furnace, characterized in that it has a breathable core (2), a high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6), and a first solidified structural body refractory casting material (7) and a second solidified structural body of refractory casting material (1), wherein the breathable core (2) is made of a high temperature resistant material and has vent holes, the breathable core (2) having a top end surface (22) and a having lower end face (21), the lower end face (21) of the breathable core (2) being provided with a recess (211), the recess (211) being provided with an insertion hole (212), at one end a high temperature resistant , seamless tube (6) a first extension disk (61) is arranged, wherein the end portion of the hoch Temperaturbeständi gene, seamless pipe (6) is inserted into the insertion hole (212) of the breathable core (2), wherein the first extension disc (61) is located within the recess (211); wherein the first solidified structural body of refractory casting material (7) through Curing of a highly refractory casting material filled into the recess (211) is formed; wherein the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material (1) is formed by curing a highly refractory casting material, which has the breathable core (2), the first solidified structural body made of refractory casting material (7) and surrounding the outer surface of the seamless tube (6) is formed.

Description

Field of invention

The present invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting technology and, more particularly, to a breathable plug and a smelting furnace having such a breathable plug for ventilating and stirring a furnace bottom.

State of the art

Aluminum alloy ingots and the alloying fluids required in the production process must be refined. In the conventional refining method, metal ingots or the like are placed in a metal melting furnace, and the metal is melted by heating and thereby turned into a liquid state. Then an alloy component and a refining agent, such as. B. a chlorine salt or a fluorine salt, added to the molten metal liquid, whereby an alloy liquid with a refining agent, such as. B. a chlorine salt or a fluorine salt, reacts to thereby obtain hydrogen-free bubbles. Because the hydrogen-free bubbles and the refining agent adsorb hydrogen and oxide inclusions during the buoyancy process and carry these to the liquid surface of the die-cast alloy, the goal of degassing and slag removal can be achieved.

The existing refining and purification processes for aluminum alloys include the following operational process: 1. Supplying material: placing an aluminum ingot or an aluminum electrolytic solution in the furnace body; → 2. Heating and melting and applying a covering agent → 3. Opening and closing the furnace door, stirring, removing slag for the first time and taking samples and analyzing the elements contained in the material; → 4. Open and close the furnace door and add an alloy component (a metal or an additive); → 5. Open and close the oven door, stir, take samples and analyze; → 6. The oven door remains open and the powder refining agent has an exposure time of> 30 minutes; → 7. Scattering a detoxifying agent and removing slag a second time (> 10 min); → 8. Close the oven door after the protection achieved by scattering the covering, let it rest and keep it warm for more than 20 minutes and cleaning.

In summary, the existing melting and refining processes for aluminum alloys have the following problems: 1) In the entire refining process, the furnace door has to be opened and closed relatively frequently, the heat of the melt spreads strongly and the temperature drop is very large. Therefore, the oven has to be heated several times and the rest and warming time is often more than 30 minutes, so that the energy consumption is very high; 2) By opening the furnace door several times (over the entire process, the time in which the furnace door is open is at least 1 hour), the probability increases that the melt will come into contact with outside air, as a result of which H and O elements get into the aluminum melt, so the indicators such as hydrogen content and oxide film are high; 3) Adding refining agent in the aluminum smelting refining process creates more slag. The amount of refining agent used leads directly to the generation of a certain amount of slag in the second slag removal, which increases the cost of slag removal; 4) In addition to the above problems, a large amount of poisonous gas / dust containing chlorine and fluorine is often released in the refining and purification process, which places a great burden on the company's environmental protection facilities. This not only results in high operating costs, but also easily corrodes the environmental protection systems. At the same time, a large amount of aluminum slag containing chlorine and fluorine is produced. After the remaining aluminum metal has been recovered from the aluminum slag, fluorine-containing solids are also released, which are highly polluting; 5) Furthermore, in the refining process for aluminum alloys, the quality of the future metal castings is directly influenced by the uniformity of the aluminum liquid and the alloy composition. In the melting furnace, the uniformity is influenced by the gravitational effect, the temperature effect, the hereditary properties of metals, etc., so that it is difficult to improve the quality of the metal castings. In the existing aluminum alloy melting process, stirring is an intermittent process, so that it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of molten aluminum.

Because of the reasons mentioned above, the aeration-based refining process has its advantages, namely low energy consumption, simultaneous achievement of stirring and high refining efficiency, low hydrogen and oxygen inclusions in the newly produced metal liquid, low slag production and no emission of exhaust gases, dusts and fluorine-containing ones Solids, more and more attention from related companies. By using a refining process based on ventilation, gases such as argon gases and nitrogen gases are introduced into the molten metal, but these gases do not interact with the Alloy liquids react, whereby during the buoyancy process on the one hand the gases adsorb the oxidized inclusions and on the other hand the pressure difference between the bubbles and the contact surface of the bubbles with the alloy liquid is increased, so that the hydrogen substances dissolved in the alloy liquid are adsorbed by the bubbles. When the inclusions and / or hydrogen adsorbing bubbles float on the liquid surface and are then removed, the goal of degassing and purification can be achieved.

The furnace walls of existing metal smelting furnaces, including resistance furnaces, induction furnaces, gas / liquid gas flame furnaces, etc., are usually made of regular, flat corundum or of high temperature resistant, wear resistant, impermeable and refractory high quality aluminum material. Their receiving chamber is defined by the furnace wall. The furnace wall has a lockable furnace door. Alloy composition and refining agent addition and slag removal operation are performed through the furnace door. In the construction of the furnace, there is no development and improvement of the aeration-based refining process, resulting in a limited application of the aeration-based refining process. Further, with the use of the existing metal melting furnace, the melt tends to be easily slagged on the bottom and on the inner wall of the furnace body.

For the state of the art, see the publication U.S. 4,348,013 A referenced, from which a serving for ventilating and stirring a furnace bottom can be seen breathable plug, which has a breathable core, a seamless tube and a solidified structural body made of refractory casting material, wherein the breathable core is made of a high temperature resistant material and has ventilation holes, the breathable core has an upper end surface and a lower end surface, the lower end surface of the breathable core being provided with a recess, the recess being provided with an insertion hole, a first extension disk being arranged at one end of a high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube, the End portion of the seamless tube is inserted into the insertion hole of the breathable core, and wherein the solidified structural body made of refractory casting material by curing a highly refractory casting material, which the breathable core and the outer surface of the seamless tube surrounds, is formed. From block letters AT 376 455 B a frustoconical, porous gas purging plug is also known, which is anchored in a fuse block made of refractory mortar, with both components being arranged in a perforated brick which can be introduced into a furnace wall or furnace bottom. In order to supply gas to and through the sink, a gas supply pipe is provided in the sink base, which has a sheet metal jacket.

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to eliminate the above-mentioned problems and to provide a melting furnace in which a gas serving for stirring can be supplied to the bottom of the furnace, wherein an inert gas such as high purity argon can be supplied to the furnace bottom of the melting furnace to the Stir the molten metal in the furnace and thus accelerate the flow of the molten metal in the furnace and improve the uniformity of the molten metal, while at the same time in the buoyancy process of the molten metal, the small molecules of the inert gas supplied with the H (atoms or molecules) and oxide impurities contained in the molten metal are brought into contact, thereby removing the impurities such as oxides and H for efficient refining. By using the furnace for smelting metals, there is no need to add a source chemical refiner to the furnace, thereby reducing the number of times the furnace door is opened.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a breathable plug for ventilating and stirring the furnace bottom, the breathable plug having a small ventilation resistance and thus a high resistance to high temperatures. The breathable plug can also prevent the molten metal in the furnace body from leaking out and clogging the pores of the breathable plug and thus causing problems such as poor ventilation and loosening of the breathable plug from the bottom of the furnace body.

• Ein zum Belüften und Rühren des Schmelzofenbodens dienender atmungsaktiver Stecker (100), der am Boden des Ofenkörpers des Schmelzofens angebracht ist und einen atmungsaktiven Kern (2), ein hochtemperaturbeständiges, nahtloses Rohr (6), einen ersten verfestigten Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (7) und einen zweiten verfestigten Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (1) umfasst;
• wobei der atmungsaktive Kern (2) aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Material hergestellt ist und Entlüftungslöcher aufweist, wobei der atmungsaktive Kern (2) eine obere Endfläche (22) und eine untere Endfläche (21) aufweist, wobei die untere Endfläche (21) des atmungsaktiven Kerns (2) mit einer Ausnehmung (211) versehen ist, wobei die Ausnehmung (211) mit einem Einsteckloch (212) versehen ist;
• wobei an einem Ende eines hochtemperaturbeständigen, nahtlosen Rohrs (6) eine erste Erweiterungsscheibe (61) angeordnet ist, wobei der Endabschnitt des hochtemperaturbeständigen, nahtlosen Rohrs (6) in das Einsteckloch (212) des atmungsaktiven Kerns (2) eingesteckt ist, wobei sich die erste Erweiterungsscheibe (61) innerhalb der Ausnehmung (211) befindet.
• wobei der erste verfestigte Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (7) durch Aushärten eines in die Ausnehmung (211) gefüllten hochfeuerfesten Gießmaterials gebildet ist;
• wobei der zweite verfestigte Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (1) durch Aushärten eines hochfeuerfesten Gießmaterials, das den atmungsaktiven Kern (2), den ersten verfestigten Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (7) und die äußere Oberfläche des nahtlosen Rohrs (6) umgibt, gebildet ist.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a solution by which slagging of the molten metal on the bottom and on the inner wall of the furnace body can be avoided. To solve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention primarily provides the following technical solution:

• A breathable plug used to ventilate and stir the furnace floor ( 100 ), which is attached to the bottom of the furnace body of the melting furnace and has a breathable core ( 2 ), a high temperature resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ), a first solidified structure made of refractory Casting material ( 7th ) and a second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) includes;
• where the breathable core ( 2 ) is made of a high temperature resistant material and has ventilation holes, whereby the breathable core ( 2 ) an upper end face ( 22nd ) and a lower end face ( 21st ), the lower end face ( 21st ) of the breathable core ( 2 ) with a recess ( 211 ) is provided, the recess ( 211 ) with an insertion hole ( 212 ) is provided;
• at one end of a high temperature resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) a first extension disk ( 61 ) is arranged, with the end portion of the high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) into the insertion hole ( 212 ) of the breathable core ( 2 ) is inserted, with the first extension disk ( 61 ) within the recess ( 211 ) is located.
• the first solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 7th ) by hardening a into the recess ( 211 ) filled highly refractory casting material is formed;
• wherein the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) by hardening a highly refractory casting material that forms the breathable core ( 2 ), the first solidified body made of refractory casting material ( 7th ) and the outer surface of the seamless tube ( 6th ) surrounds, is formed.

Through the first solidified structure made of refractory casting material ( 7th ) are the high temperature resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) and the breathable core ( 2 ) integrally connected with each other, whereby the breathable core ( 2 ) and the high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) through the second solidified body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) are more strongly connected and fastened together, with the breathable connector ( 100 ) is processed into a brick structure that can be easily accommodated in the melting furnace and serves as a separate part for the manufacture of metal melting furnaces.

The vent holes preferably have a pore diameter which is in the range from 0.001 mm to 1 mm, the corundum particles preferably being calcined and having a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm. Depending on the required size of the vent holes, a suitable particle gradation is selected and the particles are mixed evenly, then they are pressed in a mold to produce a starting product, then this is calcined at 1400 ° C to produce a product with a vent pressure of 0.05 MPa ± 0.005, which ensures that there is no excessive venting resistance and that no aluminum liquid leaks from the breathable core when the aluminum alloy is refined in the furnace.

A flexible, high-temperature-resistant fiber felt ( 3 ) around the outside of the first extension disk ( 61 ) and around the upper pipe segment and the one attached to the first extension disc ( 61 ) adjacent lower pipe segment of the high temperature resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) wrapped. Preferably, the high temperature resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) also a second extension disk ( 62 ), which are located below the first extension disk ( 61 ), with the outer circumference of the second extension disk ( 62 ) with high temperature resistant sealing cords ( 5 ) is wrapped, the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) on the outer circumference of the second extension disk ( 62 ) located high temperature resistant sealing cords ( 5 ) surrounds.

The high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) from a stainless steel claw ( 4th ), with the stainless steel claw located between the first extension disc ( 61 ) and the second extension disk ( 62 ), with the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) the stainless steel claw ( 4th ) surrounds.

Preferably the one between the upper end face ( 22nd ) and the lower end face ( 21st ) of the breathable core ( 2 ) located side wall with notched grooves ( 23 ), whereby the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) with protrusions ( 11 ) with the notch grooves ( 23 ) are in engagement, is provided.

Preferably the lower end face ( 21st ) of the breathable core ( 2 ) larger than the upper end face ( 22nd ) and has a truncated cone shape that tapers towards the top. Such a structure can avoid the problem of the breathable core ( 2 ) is released by the ventilation pressure. Furthermore, the notch grooves ( 23 ) same function.

Preferably the diameter of the upper end surface of the breathable core is ( 2 ) of the breathable connector ( 100 ) in the range from 200 to 300 mm.

Preferably the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) has an almost rectangular cross-section, its outer wall surface with impermeable locking grooves ( 12 ) is provided. In the impermeable locking grooves ( 12 ) high temperature resistant sealing cords ( 8th ) can be used.

The present invention further includes a metal melting furnace, the metal melting furnace having a furnace body ( 201 ), with breathable connectors ( 100 ) according to one of the above embodiments on the bottom of the furnace body ( 201 ) are attached.

According to an embodiment of the metal melting furnace according to the invention, the breathable plugs ( 100 ) at the bottom of the furnace body ( 201 ) evenly distributed, with the diameter of the upper end face ( 22nd ) of the breathable core ( 2 ) of a respective breathable connector ( 100 ) is in the range of 200 to 300 mm, whereby the distance between each two adjacent breathable cores ( 2 ) is in the range from 400 to 600 mm.

According to one embodiment of the metal melting furnace according to the invention, breathable plugs ( 100 ) at the corners of the bottom of the furnace body ( 201 ) arranged. Stirring at the corners of the bottom of the furnace body ( 201 ) is the most difficult and highly concentrated metal slag and alloying elements are deposited and are most easily deposited or removed in the corners. It is more difficult to clean the corners of the oven. When the furnace body ( 201 ) is operated for a period of time, the effective volume of the furnace body is therefore gradually reduced ( 201 ). Such a situation can be avoided by using breathable plugs ( 100 ) at the corners of the bottom of the furnace body ( 201 ) must be attached. The invention further comprises a control system for intermittent purging of the breathable plugs arranged at the corners of the furnace body, the control system for intermittent purging of the breathable plugs arranged at the corners of the furnace body at the corners of the furnace body. 100 ), an argon, neon or helium station ( 302 ), a first pump ( 303 ), a second pump ( 304 ), one the second pump ( 304 ) driving electric machine ( 305 ) and one the electric machine ( 305 ) includes PLC control module (S) controlling intermittent switching on and off, the inlet of the first pump ( 303 ) and the inlet of the second pump ( 304 ) with the argon, neon or helium station ( 302 ) are continuously connected, with the outlet of the first pump ( 303 ) via a first pipeline ( 306 ) with the breathable plugs located at the corners of the stove body ( 100 ) is connected, the outlet of the second pump ( 304 ) via a second pipe ( 307 ) and a third pipe ( 308 ) with the breathable plugs located at the corners of the stove body ( 100 ) is connected, with a first pilot valve ( 309 ) on the first pipe ( 306 ) is arranged, with a second pilot valve ( 310 ) and a booster valve ( 311 ) one after the other on the second pipe ( 307 ) are connected in series; where between the first pump ( 303 ) and the first pilot valve ( 309 ) existing pipeline via a fourth pipeline ( 313 ) with the one between the second pilot valve ( 310 ) and the booster valve ( 311 ) is connected, whereby the fourth pipe ( 313 ) with the third pilot valve ( 312 ) is connected, the outlet of the second pump ( 304 ) also with the pilot end (a) of the second pilot valve ( 310 ) is connected, the outlet of the second pilot valve ( 310 ) also with the pilot end (c) of the first pilot valve ( 309 ) or the pre-tax end ( b ) of the third pilot valve ( 312 ) is connected, the third pipe ( 308 ) also with a first check valve ( 314 ) that goes in the direction of the breathable plugs located at the corners of the stove body ( 100 ) opens, is connected.

According to an embodiment of the metal melting furnace according to the invention, the furnace body ( 201 ) of the metal furnace a furnace wall ( 200 ), with that of a diatomite brick layer ( 12 ), an impermeable casting material ( 11 ) and a non-stick aluminum casting material ( 10 ), with the non-stick aluminum casting material ( 10 ) and impermeable casting material ( 11 ) a mounting recess (A) with a size larger than the size of a breathable plug ( 100 ) is arranged in advance, with the diatomite brick layer ( 12 ) and the furnace housing ( 13 ), which are located below the mounting recess (A), in advance with a hole through which a high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ), are provided, with a third solidified structural body made of refractory casting material ( 9 ) between the respective breathable connector ( 100 ) and the respective mounting recess (A) is formed by filling.

According to an embodiment of the metal melting furnace according to the invention, the outer wall surface of the respective breathable plug ( 100 ) with impermeable locking grooves ( 12 ), whereby the impermeable locking grooves ( 12 ) with high temperature resistant sealing cords ( 8th ) are wrapped. The number of impermeable locking grooves (12) is preferably> 2.

According to an embodiment of the metal melting furnace according to the invention, on the outside of the furnace housing ( 13 ) a metal plate ( 14th ) at the point where the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) is led out, welded, whereby a seamless tube ( 141 ), whose diameter is larger than that of the respective high temperature resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) is in the middle section of the metal plate ( 14th ) is arranged, with a section of the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) from the respective seamless tube ( 141 ) protrudes, using a flexible refractory material ( 15th ) into the space between the respective seamless tube ( 141 ) and the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) is filled, with the lower end of the respective seamless tube ( 141 ) with an adjustable diameter tube ( 16 ) combined and the lower end of the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) into the tube with adjustable diameter ( 16 ) is plugged in.

1. 1. Der erfindungsgemäße atmungsaktive Stecker (100) weist mehrere Anschlagstrukturen auf, durch die ein Lösen des jeweiligen atmungsaktiven Kerns (2) verhindert werden kann. Die Anschlagstrukturen weisen die folgenden Merkmale auf:
   • Die Kerbnuten (23) sind auf die Vorsprünge (11) abgestimmt, ein jeweiliger atmungsaktiver Kern (2) weist eine sich nach oben verjüngende Stumpfkegelform auf, die erste Erweiterungsscheibe (61) des jeweiligen hochtemperaturbeständigen, nahtlosen Rohrs (6) ist mit dem jeweiligen ersten verfestigten Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (7) in Eingriff, eine jeweilige Edelstahlkralle (4) ist mit dem entsprechenden zweiten verfestigten Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (1) in Eingriff und die jeweilige zweite Erweiterungsscheibe (62) ist mit dem jeweiligen zweiten verfestigten Aufbaukörper aus feuerfestem Gießmaterial (1) in Eingriff. Mit diesen Strukturen kann die Befestigung des jeweiligen atmungsaktiven Kerns (2) mit dem jeweiligen hochtemperaturbeständigen, nahtlosen Rohr (6) verstärkt werden, um zu verhindern, dass der jeweilige atmungsaktive Kern (2) durch einen höheren Belüftungsdruck gedrückt wird und sich vom jeweiligen hochtemperaturbeständigen, nahtlosen Rohr (6) löst.
2. 2. Der erfindungsgemäße atmungsaktive Stecker (100) weist ferner mehrere Abdichtungsstrukturen auf, die einen flexiblen hochtemperaturbeständigen Faserfilz (3) und hochtemperaturbeständige Dichtschnüre (5) umfassen, wodurch der erfindungsgemäße atmungsaktive Stecker (100) gute Dichtungseigenschaften aufweist, um eine Leckage von Metallflüssigkeit zu verhindern. Der erfindungsgemäße atmungsaktive Stecker weist eine hohe Druckfestigkeit und den vorteilhaften Effekt auf, dass verhindert wird, dass sich der jeweilige atmungsaktive Kern löst. Die Erfindung weist eine gute Haltbarkeit auf.
3. 3. Der atmungsaktive Kern eines erfindungsgemäßen atmungsaktiven Steckers (100) besteht vorzugsweise aus kalzinierten, feuerfesten Korundpartikeln mit einer Partikelgröße von 0,5 bis 1 mm. Die Korundpartikeln werden in einem Formwerkzeug gepresst und dann bei 1400 °C kalziniert. Ein auf diese Weise hergestellter atmungsaktiver Kern weist Poren auf, die zur Einleitung von Argongas und zur Bildung von Mikrobläschen geeignet sind. Der Entlüftungsdruck beträgt 0,05 MPa ± 0,005, wodurch sichergestellt wird, dass kein übermäßiger Entlüftungswiderstand vorhanden ist und dass bei der Raffination der Aluminiumlegierung im Schmelzofen keine Aluminiumflüssigkeit aus dem atmungsaktiven Kern austritt.
4. 4. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Metallschmelzofen ist die Montagestruktur zwischen der Ofenwand (200) und dem jeweiligen atmungsaktiven Stecker (100) richtig bemessen und stabil konstruiert und weist mehrere hochtemperaturbeständige Dichtschnüre (8) auf. Ferner ist auf der Außenfläche der Ofenwand (200) ein nahtloses Rohr (141) mit großem Durchmesser durch Schweißen einer Metallplatte (14) angeordnet, anschließend werden das nahtlose Rohr (141) und das Rohr mit einstellbarem Durchmesser (16) auf der Außenseite mittels Gewinde, durch mechanisches Verrasten oder dergleichen miteinander befestigt, wobei das aus dem nahtlosen Rohr (141) herausragende hochtemperaturbeständige, nahtlose Rohr (6) in die Mitte des Rohrs mit einstellbarem Durchmesser (16) eingesteckt wird, um eine mehrfache Anti-Versickerung zu erzielen und die Kombinationsfestigkeit des Rohrs mit einstellbarem Durchmesser (16) mit dem hochtemperaturbeständigen, nahtlosen Rohr (6) zu verbessern und somit die Gesamtlebensdauer des Ofens zu verlängern.
5. 5. In der Vergangenheit führte eine langfristige Produktion beim Ofen zu einer Verschlackung, was zu einem schnellen Schrumpfen des Volumens des Schmelzofenbeckens führt. Nach einer gewissen Zeit muss der Ofen zur Durchführung einer Reinigung abgeschaltet werden, was nicht nur zeitaufwendig ist, sondern auch den Produktionszyklus beeinträchtigt. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Metallschmelzofen sind atmungsaktive Stecker (100) an den Ecken des Bodens jedes Ofenkörpers (201) angebracht und ist ein Steuersystem zur intermittierenden Durchspülung der an den Ecken des Ofenkörpers angeordneten atmungsaktiven Stecker konzipiert, um das Problem der Verschlackung durch Metallflüssigkeit an den Eckpositionen zu beseitigen. Da die im Ofenkörper (201) befindliche Metallschmelze sich weiterhin in Bewegung befindet, kann die durch den Kontakt der Metallflüssigkeit über längere Zeit mit der eine niedrige Temperatur aufweisenden Ofenwand hervorgerufene Verschlackung reduziert werden. Daher kann mit der Erfindung die Lebensdauer des Schmelzofens verlängert und können Arbeitszeit und -kraft gespart werden.

The present invention has the following advantageous effects:

1. 1. The breathable connector according to the invention ( 100 ) has several stop structures through which the respective breathable core ( 2 ) can be prevented. The stop structures have the following characteristics:
   • The notched grooves ( 23 ) are on the protrusions ( 11 ) matched, a respective breathable core ( 2 ) has an upwardly tapering truncated cone shape, the first extension disk ( 61 ) of the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) is with the respective first solidified structure made of refractory casting material ( 7th ) in engagement, a respective stainless steel claw ( 4th ) is with the corresponding second solidified structure made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) in engagement and the respective second extension disk ( 62 ) is with the respective second solidified structure made of refractory casting material ( 1 ) engaged. These structures can be used to attach the respective breathable core ( 2 ) with the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) are reinforced to prevent the respective breathable core ( 2 ) is pressed by a higher ventilation pressure and is separated from the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe ( 6th ) solves.
2. 2. The breathable connector according to the invention ( 100 ) also has several sealing structures that use a flexible, high-temperature-resistant fiber felt ( 3 ) and high temperature resistant sealing cords ( 5 ) include, whereby the inventive breathable connector ( 100 ) has good sealing properties to prevent metal liquid leakage. The breathable plug according to the invention has a high pressure resistance and the advantageous effect of preventing the respective breathable core from becoming detached. The invention has good durability.
3. 3. The breathable core of a breathable plug according to the invention ( 100 ) consists preferably of calcined, refractory corundum particles with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm. The corundum particles are pressed in a mold and then calcined at 1400 ° C. A breathable core produced in this way has pores which are suitable for the introduction of argon gas and for the formation of microbubbles. The vent pressure is 0.05 MPa ± 0.005, which ensures that there is no excessive vent resistance and that no aluminum liquid leaks from the breathable core when the aluminum alloy is refined in the furnace.
4. 4. In the metal melting furnace according to the invention, the assembly structure between the furnace wall ( 200 ) and the respective breathable connector ( 100 ) correctly sized and stably constructed and has several high temperature resistant sealing cords ( 8th ) on. Furthermore, on the outer surface of the furnace wall ( 200 ) a seamless tube ( 141 ) with a large diameter by welding a metal plate ( 14th ), then the seamless pipe ( 141 ) and the tube with adjustable diameter ( 16 ) attached to one another on the outside by means of a thread, mechanical locking or the like, whereby the one from the seamless tube ( 141 ) outstanding high temperature resistant seamless tube ( 6th ) in the middle of the pipe with adjustable diameter ( 16 ) is inserted in order to achieve multiple anti-seepage and the combination strength of the pipe with adjustable diameter ( 16 ) with the high temperature resistant, seamless tube ( 6th ) and thus to extend the overall service life of the furnace.
5. 5. In the past, long-term production resulted in slagging of the furnace, resulting in rapid shrinkage of the furnace basin volume. After a certain period of time, the furnace has to be switched off to carry out cleaning, which is not only time-consuming but also affects the production cycle. In the metal melting furnace according to the invention, breathable plugs ( 100 ) at the corners of the bottom of each furnace body ( 201 ) and a control system is designed for intermittent purging of the breathable plugs located at the corners of the furnace body in order to eliminate the problem of slagging by metal liquid at the corner positions. Since the in the furnace body ( 201 ) located metal melt is still in motion, the contact of the metal liquid over a long period of time with the one Slagging caused by the low temperature furnace wall can be reduced. Therefore, according to the invention, the life of the furnace can be extended and labor time and manpower can be saved.

Figure list

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht des Aufbaus eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen atmungsaktiven Steckers;
• 2 eine schematische Seitenansicht des Gesamtaufbaus des atmungsaktive Stecker aufweisenden Schmelzofens gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht der Verteilung der am Ofenboden des Schmelzofens angebrachten atmungsaktiven Stecker gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht des detaillierten Aufbaus gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, in der der atmungsaktive Stecker in einem Metallschmelzofen untergebracht ist;
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht des Steuersystems zur intermittierenden Durchspülung der an den Ecken des Ofenkörpers angeordneten atmungsaktiven Stecker gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.

The drawings used to explain the exemplary embodiment show:

• 1 a schematic view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the breathable connector according to the invention;
• 2 Fig. 3 is a schematic side view showing the overall structure of the furnace having breathable connectors according to the present invention;
• 3 a schematic view of the distribution of the breathable plugs attached to the furnace bottom of the melting furnace according to the present invention;
• 4th Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the detailed structure according to the present invention in which the breathable connector is housed in a metal melting furnace;
• 5 a schematic view of the control system for intermittent purging of the breathable plugs arranged at the corners of the oven body according to the present invention.

Detailed description of the embodiment

For better explanation and understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It will be on 1 Reference, which shows a schematic view of the construction of a preferred embodiment of the breathable connector according to the invention. The breathable connector 100 are attached to the bottom of the furnace body of the melting furnace. Via the breathable connector 100 microbubbles of an inert gas such as argon gas or helium gas are introduced into the metal melting furnace, whereby the function of stirring and the function of refining are achieved at the same time during aeration. The breathable plug 100 includes a breathable core 2 , a high temperature resistant, seamless tube 6th , a first solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 7th and a second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 1 . The breathable core 2 consists of calcined corundum particles with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm. After a surface modification in the micrometer or sub-nanometer range by means of silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide sol-gel (the ceramic phases that are sintered at high temperature on the surface of the refractory corundum particles are uniform with a silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide sol gel in the Micrometer or sub-nanometer range) the corundum particles are pressed by isostatic pressing or with a 100 ton hydraulic press and then calcined at 1400 ° C, with ventilation holes with a pore diameter of 0.001 mm to 1 mm being provided. The breathable core 2 has an upper end face 22nd (or work surface or breathable surface) and a lower end surface 21st on. The diameter of the work surface should not be too small, more precisely it should preferably be 200 to 300 mm. For pressing, the corundum particles are placed in a molding tool. The molding tool has an upwardly tapering frustoconical cavity, whereby the pressed breathable core 2 has an upwardly tapering truncated cone shape. At the same time, by arranging protrusions on the bottom and on the inner side wall of the mold, the breathable core is created 2 formed after demolding in such a way that the lower end face 21st with a recess 211 provided and an insertion hole 212 to combine with the high temperature resistant, seamless tube 6th in the middle of the recess 211 provided and the side of the breathable core 2 with notched grooves 23 is provided.

At one end of a high temperature resistant, seamless tube 6th is a first expansion disk 61 arranged, wherein the end portion of the high temperature resistant, seamless pipe 6th to the end in the insertion hole 212 of the breathable core 2 is inserted, creating the first extension disk 61 into the recess 211 entry. Before inserting the high temperature resistant seamless pipe 6th into the insertion hole 212 become the circumference of the first extension slice 61 and the pipe segments in their vicinity, including that in the insertion hole 212 end to be inserted, with a flexible, high-temperature-resistant fiber felt 3 wrapped around. After the high temperature resistant seamless pipe 6th until the end is inserted, a refractory casting material is placed in the recess 211 filled and beaten. After the refractory casting material has been dried for more than 24 hours and after it has completely hardened, a first solidified structural body is made of refractory casting material 7th educated. The first extension disk 61 is inside the first solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 7th embedded and thus attached. After the high temperature resistant seamless pipe 6th and the breathable core 2 through the first solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 7th are integrally combined with one another is it is necessary to adjust the venting pressure of the breathable core 2 to be tested and detected, ie a gas is passed through the lower end of the high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe 6th directed to increase the ventilation pressure until the gas from the upper end surface 22nd of the breathable core 2 is expelled. The vent pressure at this point is the vent pressure of the breathable core 2 . The breathable core preferably has 2 a vent pressure of 0.05 MPa ± 0.005.

The high temperature resistant, seamless tube 6th also has a second extension disk 62 on, which is below the first extension disk 61 and its outer diameter is larger than that of the first extension disk 61 wherein the intermediate area is between the first extension slice 61 and the second extension disk 62 from a stainless steel claw 4th is included.

The one with the high temperature resistant, seamless tube 6th combined breathable core 2 is made into a mold, the space of which is slightly larger than the size of the breathable core 2 is used, with a distance between the inner side wall or the bottom and the breathable core 2 is available. The second extension disk 62 supports the bottom of the mold, being the perimeter of the second extension disk 62 with high temperature resistant sealing cords 5 is wrapped, the high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube 6th protrudes from the mold. A refractory casting material is then placed in the gap between the mold and the breathable core 2 or between the mold and the high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe 6th filled and beaten. After drying for more than 48 hours at a low temperature, all of the refractory casting material filled solidifies naturally and forms a second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 1 , with all sections except the top end face 22nd of the breathable core 2 and the lower surface of the second extension disk 62 , are surrounded by the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material. This is how most of the stainless steel claw is 4th and the second extension disk 62 in the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 1 embedded and thus attached. Finally, in the state in which the high temperature resistant, seamless pipe 6th the work surface is ventilated 22nd of the breathable core 2 polished, cleaned and coated with boron nitride, thus making the breathable core 2 is completed.

The design of the mold provides projections on the inner side surface of the cavity of the mold, creating two impermeable locking grooves 12 on the outer side surface of the second solidified structural body of refractory casting material 1 are trained. High temperature resistant sealing cords 8th or other flexible, high-temperature-resistant filling materials can be located in the impermeable locking grooves 12 entangle. The refractory casting material is pounded and then punched into the notch grooves provided on the side surface of the breathable core 23 filled. After solidification is complete, the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 1 Ledges 11 that hit the notched grooves 23 are coordinated and can be combined with these. This allows the breathable core 2 and the second solidified structural body of refractory casting material 1 can be combined more stable.

The second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material 1 has a relatively regular shape, namely a cylindrical or rectangular brick structure (cf. 3 : in this exemplary embodiment has the outer contour of the breathable connector 100 the shape of a square brick body and has the central breathable core 2 a round frustoconical body) to facilitate assembly at the bottom of the furnace body of the metal melting furnace. The breathable core 2 has a truncated cone shape that tapers upwards in order to avoid the problem of the breathable core 2 released by the ventilation pressure. At the same time, further, by the engagement relationship between the notch grooves 23 and the protrusions 11 ensure that the core is breathable 2 and the second solidified structural body of refractory casting material 1 are integrally combined with one another.

It is simultaneously on the 2 and 3 Reference, each a side view of the metal melting furnace with at the bottom of the furnace body 201 attached breathable connectors 100 and a top view of the distribution of the on the furnace floor 201 attached breathable connector 100 show according to the present invention.

It will be on 2 Referenced. The metal melting furnace has a furnace body 201 on, taking multiple breathable plugs 100 at the bottom of the furnace body 201 are attached. As in the 2 and 3 Shown are the breathable plugs 100 at the bottom of the furnace body 201 evenly distributed. Usually the diameter of the upper end face is 22nd of the breathable core 2 of the respective breathable connector 100 in the range from 200 to 300 mm, the distance between each two adjacent breathable cores 2 is in the range from 400 to 600 mm. The distribution density of the breathable connector 100 behaves in the opposite direction to the depth of the molten metal in the metal melting furnace. If, for example, the depth of the molten metal is to be 500 mm, the distance between two adjacent breathable cores is 2 500 mm; If the depth of the molten metal is to be 600 mm, the distance between every two adjacent breathable cores is 2 450 mm; If the depth of the molten metal is to be 400 mm, the distance between each two adjacent breathable cores is 2 550 mm. In this way it is possible to achieve a dynamic state of equilibrium in which the molten metal of the furnace body is completely in the bubble bed used for flotation, in order to achieve an optimal, uniform operating state. As in 3 Shown are several breathable plugs 100 at the bottom of the furnace body 201 evenly staggered, i.e. five breathable plugs from three adjacent rows or three adjacent rows form a square with a center (this structure has a high uniformity and furthermore it can be avoided that the stress is concentrated in one line and thus the structural strength the furnace wall 200 is weakened). In other exemplary embodiments, the forms of distribution are not based on the in 3 Form of distribution shown is limited. As long as it is evenly distributed, it can be ensured that the molten metal is evenly distributed and stirred and that at the same time no centripetal force and centrifugal force, which cause heavier alloy compositions and unevenly mixed metal liquids, occur.

In particular, highly concentrated metal slag and alloy elements are most easily deposited and precipitated in the corners. It is more difficult to clean the corners of the oven. Therefore, when the furnace body is operated for a period of time, the effective volume of the furnace body decreases. Hence, plugs become breathable 100 at the corners of the bottom of the furnace body 201 arranged.

At all corners of the bottom of the furnace body 201 are breathable plugs 100 attached and the ventilation pressure or the flow rate of the breathable plug 100 is increased at intervals for flushing and vigorous stirring so that such situations can be avoided.

It will be on 4th Reference is made to the schematic view of the detailed construction according to the present invention in which the breathable plug 100 at the bottom of the furnace body 201 appropriate shows. As in 4th shown, the furnace body 201 a furnace wall 200 on, with the furnace wall 200 from the outside to the inside one after the other from a furnace housing 13 , a kieselguhr brick layer 12 , an impermeable casting material 11 and a non-stick aluminum casting material 10 consists. In non-stick aluminum casting material 10 and impermeable casting material 11 is a mounting recess A with a size larger than the size of a breathable plug 100 is, pre-arranged, the diatomite brick layer 12 and the furnace housing 13 , which are located below the mounting recess A, in advance with a hole through which a high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe 6th is led out, is provided. The outer wall surface of the respective breathable connector 100 is with two impermeable locking grooves 12 , in which high-temperature-resistant sealing cords are wound. The respective breathable plug is then inserted into the mounting recess A and fastened, creating a gap between the mounting recess A and the outer circumference or the bottom of the respective breathable plug 100 arises. The gap is filled with a highly refractory casting material. After the casting material has been beaten and dried for 24 to 48 hours, it forms a third solidified structural body made of refractory casting material by hardening 9 out. As in 4th shown, there is also a locking groove A '(in the impermeable casting material) on the side wall of the mounting recess A 11 and non-stick aluminum casting material 10 ) so that the refractory casting material is also introduced into the locking groove A 'during filling and beating. After hardening for 24 hours, the third solidified structural body is made of refractory casting material 9 together with the impermeable casting material 11 or the non-stick aluminum casting material 10 firmly connected by snapping into place to prevent the respective breathable plug 100 dissolves and into the furnace body 201 entry.

It is also on the outside of the furnace housing 13 a metal plate 14th welded on, being a seamless tube 141 in the middle of the metal plate 14th is arranged, whereby, after the high temperature resistant, seamless pipe 6th of the respective breathable connector 100 through the furnace housing 13 was carried out, a section from the seamless tube 141 protruding, being a flexible refractory material 15th in the space between the respective seamless tube 141 and the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube 6th is filled. The lower end of the respective seamless tube 141 has an external thread or a connecting section for fastening or connecting to another pipe element, the respective pipe having an adjustable diameter 16 by means of a thread or by snapping it into the lower end of the respective seamless tube 141 is firmly combined, with the respective high temperature resistant, seamless tube 6th in the middle of the tube with adjustable diameter 16 is plugged in. The tube with adjustable diameter 16 is connected to the liquid argon (neon or helium) station F via a pipe. Any breathable plug 100 has its own pipeline connected to the liquid argon station F, with the pipeline of each breathable plug 100 each with a control cabinet, such as B. a PLC control module S, is connected, the operating state of a respective breathable connector 100 according to the refining state and refining result of the metal liquid in the furnace body is set separately by the PLC control module S, so that part of the energy consumption is saved while maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of the microbubble bed used for flotation.

• Dadurch, dass Argongas kontinuierlich zum kontinuierlichen, in Bewegung versetzenden Umrühren der im Metallschmelzofen befindlichen Metallschmelze in den Metallschmelzofen geleitet wird und während des Auftriebsvorgangs der in der Metallschmelze befindlichen Argongas-Mikrobläschen das in der Metallschmelze enthaltene H (Atome oder einfache Elemente) und die enthaltenen Oxide über die Oberfläche der Metallschmelze entweichen und somit hinausgeschafft werden, kann eine Raffination der Metallschmelze erzielt werden.

The working principle of melting a metal alloy using the above metal melting furnace is described below:

• Because argon gas is continuously fed into the metal melting furnace to continuously stir the molten metal in the metal melting furnace and during the buoyancy process of the argon gas microbubbles in the molten metal, the H (atoms or simple elements) contained in the molten metal and the oxides contained in it escape over the surface of the molten metal and are thus carried out, refining of the molten metal can be achieved.

In order to avoid slagging of the molten metal on the bottom and on the inner wall of the furnace body, it is done at the corners of the furnace body 201 arranged breathable plugs an intermittent flushing and the ventilation pressure and the ventilation flow rate are increased intermittently. For example, the breathable plugs arranged at the corners 100 controlled in such a way that argon gas is suddenly introduced into them at intervals with a basic operating parameter of 3 to 5 times. The flushing function can be achieved by the larger ventilation pressure and the larger ventilation flow rate. On this basis, the present invention provides an intermittent purging control system suitable for a melting furnace. It will be on 5 Reference, which is a schematic view of the control system for intermittent purging of the corner breathable plugs. As in 5 As shown, the intermittent purging control system includes breathable plugs located at the corners of the oven body 100 , an argon (neon or helium) station 302 , a first pump 303 , a second pump 304 , one the second pump 304 driving electric machine 305 and one the electric machine 305 PLC control module S controlling for intermittent switching on and off, whereby the inlet of the first pump 303 and the inlet of the second pump 304 each with the argon, neon or helium station 302 are continuously connected, the outlet of the first pump 303 via a first pipeline 306 with the breathable plugs located at the corners of the furnace body 100 is connected, the outlet of the second pump 304 via a second pipeline 307 and a third pipeline 308 with the breathable plugs located at the corners of the furnace body 100 is connected, a first pilot valve 309 on the first pipe 306 is arranged, with a second pilot valve 310 and a booster valve 311 (also called pressure booster pump) one after the other on the second pipeline 307 connected in series, with those between the first pump 303 and the first pilot valve 309 existing pipeline via a fourth pipeline 313 with that between the second pilot valve 310 and the booster valve 311 located pipeline is connected, the fourth pipeline 313 with the third pilot valve 312 is connected, the outlet of the second pump 304 also with the pilot end a of the second pilot valve 310 is connected, the outlet of the second pilot valve 310 also with the pilot end c of the first pilot valve 309 or the pre-tax end b of the third pilot valve 312 is connected, the third pipeline 308 furthermore with a first check valve 314 towards the breathable plugs located at the corners of the furnace body 100 opens, is connected. Here is the first pilot valve 309 a normally open 2/2-way valve and are the second pilot valve 310 and the third pilot valve 312 both normally closed 2/2-way valves. The working principle is described below: If with the breathable plugs arranged at the corners 100 no flushing with a large flow rate and high pressure is required, the electric machine becomes 305 controlled by the PLC control module S so that it is switched off. Argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) is only used by the first pump 303 via the first pipe 306 and the first pilot valve 309 into the breathable connector 100 initiated (since the third pilot valve 312 is in the closed position, argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) will not pass through the fourth pipe 313 into the breathable connector 100 initiated). At this time, both the flow rate and the pressure of the argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) introduced are low. If argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) with a large flow rate and high pressure are required for purging, the electrical machine becomes 305 through the PLC control module S controlled so that it is turned on, eliminating the second pump 304 is driven to work. Because the outlet of the second pump 304 with the pilot end a of the second pilot valve 310 is continuously connected, the pilot end is a of the second pilot valve 310 pressurized, causing the second pilot valve 310 the direction is changed to create a continuous connection (ie the normally closed second pilot valve 310 is in the connection position). Because the outlet of the second pilot valve 310 still with the pilot end c of the first pilot valve 309 and with the pre-steering end b of the third pilot valve 312 is connected, the pilot end c of the first pilot valve 309 and the pre-steering end b of the third pilot valve 312 pressurized, causing the first pilot valve 309 the direction is changed so that there is no continuous connection (ie the normally open first pilot valve 309 is in the closed position), and on the third pilot valve 312 the direction is changed to create a continuous connection (ie the third pilot valve normally closed 311 is in the connection position). At this point it flows at the outlet of the first pump 303 any argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) via the first pipe 306 and the fourth pipe 313 with the one at the outlet of the second pump 304 Argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) located together (ie the flow rates of the two pumps flow together and the flow rate increases as a result). After confluence, the argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) enters the booster valve 311 (also called a booster pump), whereby the pressurized argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) via the third pipeline 308 into the breathable connector 100 is initiated. At this time, the flow rate and pressure of the argon gas (neon gas or helium gas) are higher. By doing that the electric machine 305 is intermittently controlled by the PLC control module S to switch it on and off, intermittent rinsing of the breathable plugs arranged at the corners can be carried out 100 can be achieved. It's easy to use. A second check valve serving to prevent backflow is preferably provided 315 and one for controlling the connection of the first pipeline 306 serving solenoid valve 301 at the outlet of the first pump 303 arranged. A third check valve serving to prevent backflow is preferred 316 at the outlet of the second pump 304 arranged. Preferably, all breathable plugs are flushed 100 controlled in such a way that ventilation is carried out separately and offset. As a result, part of the energy consumption can be saved while maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of the microbubble bed used for flotation. In this way, after several cycles of use of the melting furnace, a significant improvement is achieved over the prior art with regard to the phenomenon of slagging of the furnace wall or the furnace floor. The basic operating parameters of a respective breathable connector 100 are obtained as follows: According to the different positions of the breathable plugs 100 must be from the respective breathable connector 100 Argon gas blown out can be adjusted so that bubbles with a height of 20 to 50 mm and a diffusion diameter of 500 mm are blown onto the surface of the metal liquid in the furnace body.

In the above embodiments of the present invention, the structures of the breathable plug 100 and the furnace body 201 of the melting furnace not only for gas flame furnaces, but also for various existing melting furnaces made of aluminum alloy such. B. resistance furnaces and induction furnaces can be used. The breathable connector 100 can each via the high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube 6th , the tube with adjustable diameter 16 etc. both with a liquid argon station F and with an inert gas source, such as. B. a high pressure helium gas source connected. The only difference between the two gas sources is that different inert gases are available to different degrees, allow different adaptations (for example nitrogen cannot be used to refine magnesium-containing alloys) and have different production costs. The specific details are determined according to the properties of the molten metal and the alloy composition in the melting furnace. The fact that in the process according to the invention an inert gas for refining and removal of impurities is continuously and variably fed to the bottom of the furnace body of the metal melting furnace, that the number of times the furnace door is opened is reduced, that the furnace body does not come into contact with cold outside air and thus no exchange between them takes place that continuous stirring is carried out to ensure the uniformity of the metal melt, that regular flushing is carried out for maintenance of the furnace body and that the ventilation parameters of a respective breathable plug are intelligently adjusted and controlled in real time according to the current refining stage related tasks and the associated requirements of the respective levels are fulfilled, thus saving energy.

Claims (10)

A breathable plug (100) which is used to ventilate and stir a furnace floor and which is attached to the floor of the furnace body of the furnace, characterized in that it has a breathable core (2), a high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6), and a first solidified structural body refractory casting material (7) and a second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material (1); wherein the breathable core (2) is made of a high temperature resistant material and has vent holes, the breathable core (2) having an upper end surface (22) and a lower end surface (21), the lower end surface (21) of the breathable core ( 2) is provided with a recess (211), the recess (211) being provided with an insertion hole (212), a first extension disk (61) being arranged at one end of a high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6), the end section the high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6) is inserted into the insertion hole (212) of the breathable core (2), the first extension disk (61) being located within the recess (211); wherein the first solidified structural body of refractory casting material (7) is formed by hardening a highly refractory casting material filled in the recess (211); wherein the second solidified refractory casting material structure (1) is formed by curing a highly refractory casting material surrounding the breathable core (2), the first solidified refractory casting material structure (7) and the outer surface of the seamless pipe (6). Breathable plug (100) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that a flexible high-temperature-resistant fiber felt (3) is wrapped around the outside of the first extension disc (61) and around the upper pipe segment and the lower pipe segment of the high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe (6) adjoining the first extension disc (61); wherein the high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6) further comprises a second extension disk (62), which is located below the first extension disk (61), the outer circumference of the second extension disk (62) being wrapped with high-temperature-resistant sealing cords (5), the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material (1) surrounds the high-temperature-resistant sealing cords (5) located on the outer circumference of the second expansion disk (62). Breathable plug (100) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6) is encompassed by a stainless steel claw (4), the stainless steel claw being located between the first extension disc (61) and the second extension disc (62), the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material (1) surrounds the stainless steel claw (4). Breathable plug (100) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the side wall located between the upper end surface (22) and the lower end surface (21) of the breathable core (2) is provided with notched grooves (23), the second solidified structural body of refractory casting material (1) correspondingly having projections (11) which engage with the notch grooves (23) is provided. Breathable plug (100) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the lower end surface (21) of the breathable core (2) is larger than the upper end surface (22) and has an upwardly tapering truncated cone shape. Breathable plug (100) according to Claim 1 characterized in that the diameter of the upper end face (22) of the breathable core (2) of the breathable plug (100) is in the range of 200 to 300 mm; the second solidified structural body made of refractory casting material (1) having an almost rectangular cross section, the outer wall surface of which is provided with impermeable locking grooves (12). A metal melting furnace, the metal melting furnace having a furnace body (201), wherein breathable plugs (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th are attached to the bottom of the furnace body (201). Metal melting furnace after Claim 7 , characterized in that the breathable plugs (100) are arranged at the corners of the bottom of the furnace body (201), the metal melting furnace further comprising a control system for intermittent purging of the breathable plugs arranged at the corners of the furnace body, the control system for intermittent purging the breathable plug (100) arranged at the corners of the furnace body, an argon, neon or helium station (302), a first pump (303), a second pump (304), an electrical machine driving the second pump (304) ( 305) and a PLC control module (S) which controls the electrical machine (305) for intermittent switching on and off, the inlet of the first pump (303) and the inlet of the second pump (304) each connected to the argon, neon - or helium station (302) are continuously connected, the outlet of the first pump (303) via a first pipeline (306) with the a breathable plugs (100) connected is; the outlet of the second pump (304) being connected via a second pipe (307) and a third pipe (308) to the breathable plugs (100) arranged at the corners of the furnace body, a first pilot valve (309) on the first pipe (306) is arranged, wherein a second pilot valve (310) and a booster valve (311) are successively connected in series on the second pipeline (307); wherein the pipeline located between the first pump (303) and the first pilot control valve (309) is connected via a fourth pipeline (313) to the pipeline located between the second pilot control valve (310) and the booster valve (311), the fourth pipeline ( 313) is connected to the third pilot valve (312), the outlet of the second pump (304) also being connected to the pilot end (a) of the second pilot valve (310), the outlet of the second pilot valve (310) also being connected to the Pilot end (c) of the first pilot valve (309) or the pilot end (b) of the third pilot valve (312) is connected, the third pipeline (308) also having a first check valve (314), which is in the direction of the at the corners of the Furnace body arranged breathable plug (100) opens, is connected. Metal melting furnace after Claim 8 , characterized in that the furnace body (201) of the metal melting furnace has a furnace wall (200), the furnace wall successively from the outside inwards from a furnace housing (13), a diatomite brick layer (12), an impermeable casting material (11) and a Non-stick aluminum casting material (10), a mounting recess (A) having a size larger than the size of a breathable plug (100), arranged in advance in the non-stick aluminum casting material (10) and impermeable casting material (11) is, the kieselguhr brick layer (12) and the furnace housing (13), which are located below the mounting recess (A), are provided in advance with a hole through which a high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe (6) is led out, with a third solidified structural body made of fireproof casting material (9) is formed between the respective breathable plug (100) and the respective mounting recess (A) by filling. Metal melting furnace after Claim 9 , characterized in that a metal plate (14) is welded on the outside of the furnace housing (13) at the point at which the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6) is led out, with a seamless tube (141) having a larger diameter than that of the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe (6), is arranged in the central portion of the metal plate (14), with a portion of the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless pipe (6) protruding from the respective seamless pipe (141), with a flexible refractory Material (15) is filled in the space between the respective seamless tube (141) and the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6), the lower end of the respective seamless tube (141) combined with a tube with an adjustable diameter (16) and the lower end of the respective high-temperature-resistant, seamless tube (6) is inserted into the tube with an adjustable diameter (16).

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