DE1102920B - Gas-cooled nuclear reactor with a core made of brake fluid - Google Patents
Gas-cooled nuclear reactor with a core made of brake fluidInfo
- Publication number
- DE1102920B DE1102920B DEG23022A DEG0023022A DE1102920B DE 1102920 B DE1102920 B DE 1102920B DE G23022 A DEG23022 A DE G23022A DE G0023022 A DEG0023022 A DE G0023022A DE 1102920 B DE1102920 B DE 1102920B
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- shield
- nuclear reactor
- cooled nuclear
- cooled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5383—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M7/53846—Control circuits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/08—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor
- G21C1/10—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor moderator and coolant being different or separated
- G21C1/12—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor moderator and coolant being different or separated moderator being solid, e.g. Magnox reactor or gas-graphite reactor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
- G21C11/02—Biological shielding ; Neutron or gamma shielding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
- G21C11/02—Biological shielding ; Neutron or gamma shielding
- G21C11/022—Biological shielding ; Neutron or gamma shielding inside the reactor vessel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
- G21C13/087—Metallic vessels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/538—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration
- H02M7/53803—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53806—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current in a push-pull configuration of the parallel type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5383—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M7/53832—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement
- H02M7/53835—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement of the parallel type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
- H05B41/2821—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a single-switch converter or a parallel push-pull converter in the final stage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
Die Erfindung betrifft einen gasgekühlten Kernreaktor mit einem Kern aus Bremsstoff, der in einem umschließenden Druckbehälter angeordnet ist und senkrechte Kanäle zur Aufnahme von Brennstoffelementen hat, die so angeordnet sind, daß sie von der Aufwärtsströmung des Kühlgases durch die Kanäle gekühlt werden.The invention relates to a gas-cooled nuclear reactor with a core of brake material, which is in a surrounding pressure vessel is arranged and vertical channels for receiving fuel elements which are arranged to be protected from the upward flow of the cooling gas through the channels be cooled.
Der umschließende Druckbehälter eines solchen Reaktors ist notwendigerweise harten Betriebsbedingungen, beispielsweise infolge hoher Betriebstemperatüren und infolge des Neutronenbeschusses, unterworfen. Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, den Druckbehälter eines thermischen Reaktors in Form von zwei ineinanderliegenden Mänteln auszubilden, wobei der innere Mantel gegebenenfalls ein hitzefestes Futter in Abstand von dem äußeren Mantel bildet und anordnungsgemäß Kühlgas zwischen den beiden Mänteln strömt.The surrounding pressure vessel of such a reactor is necessarily harsh operating conditions, for example as a result of high operating temperatures and as a result of neutron bombardment. It has already been proposed that the pressure vessel of a thermal reactor in the form of two Form nested coats, the inner coat optionally a heat-resistant lining at a distance from the outer jacket and, as directed, forms cooling gas between the two jackets flows.
Bei Reaktoren der obigen Art ist es bekannt, eine sogenannte Wärmeabschirmung zu verwenden, welche den umschließenden Behälter eines Reaktors gegen direkte Wärmestrahlung von dem Kern schützen soll, wobei die Wärmeabschirmung aus Stahl besteht, der einen großen Neutroneneinfangquerschnitt hat. Weiter ist bekannt, daß Stahl verwendet wird, um Brenn-Stoffelemente gegen den Angriff von Kühlgasen in einem Brennstoffkanal in einem Reaktorkern zu schützen.In reactors of the above type, it is known to use a so-called heat shield, which to protect the surrounding container of a reactor against direct thermal radiation from the core, wherein the heat shield is made of steel, which has a large neutron capture cross-section. Further it is known that steel is used to protect fuel elements against the attack of cooling gases in to protect a fuel channel in a reactor core.
In großen Reaktoren kann der Neutronenbeschuß der Oberseite des umschließenden Mantels und einer möglicherweise vorhandenen Wärmeabschirmung infolge der hohen Temperaturen, die durch die Wärme von heißen zirkulierenden Gasen an diesem Teil des Reaktors erreicht werden, sehr schwerwiegend sein, zu Beschädigungen führen und das Bedienungspersonal gefährden.In large reactors, neutron bombardment can occur on the top of the enclosing jacket and one possibly existing heat shielding as a result of the high temperatures caused by the heat reached by hot circulating gases at this part of the reactor can be very serious, lead to damage and endanger the operating personnel.
Es ist auch bei Reaktoren des natriumgekühlten Typs, bei denen der Druckbehälter keiner Beschädigung durch heiße Gasströmung unterworfen ist, bekannt, eine thermische Abschirmung aus Metallplatten zu verwenden, die gegen die Innenwand des Behälters liegend angeordnet sind und keinen hohen Neutroneneinfangquerschnitt bilden. Eine solche Abschirmung bietet keinen guten Schutz für das obere Ende des Behälters.It is also used in reactors of the sodium-cooled type, in which the pressure vessel does not damage the pressure vessel is subjected to hot gas flow, a thermal shield made of metal plates is known to use, which are arranged lying against the inner wall of the container and not a high one Form neutron capture cross-section. Such a shield does not provide good protection for the upper one End of the container.
Bei einem bekannten Kochwasserreaktor, der keinen aus Bremsstoff bestehenden Kern in einem Druckbehälter aufweist, kann der verwendete Neutronenfangstoff, z. B. Borkarbid in Praraffin, nicht als Wärmeabschirmung wirken.In a known boiling water reactor which does not have a core made of brake material in a pressure vessel has, the neutron capture material used, e.g. B. Boron carbide in praraffin, not as a heat shield works.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines verbesserten gasgekühlten Kernreaktors der obigen Art,
bei dem der Teil des Druckbehälters, der dem Beschüß schneller Neutronen von den BrennstoffelemenGasgekühlter
Kernreaktor
mit einem Kern aus BremsstoffThe object of the invention is to provide an improved gas-cooled nuclear reactor of the above character, in which the part of the pressure vessel which is exposed to the bombardment of fast neutrons from the fuel elements is a gas-cooled nuclear reactor
with a core made of brake fluid
Anmelder:Applicant:
The General Electric Company Limited,
LondonThe General Electric Company Limited,
London
Vertreter:Representative:
Dr.-Ing. H. Ruschke, Berlin-Friedenau, Lauterstr. 37,
und Dipl.-Ing. K. Grentzenberg, München 27,
PatentanwälteDr.-Ing. H. Ruschke, Berlin-Friedenau, Lauterstr. 37, and Dipl.-Ing. K. Grentzenberg, Munich 27,
Patent attorneys
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Großbritannien vom 27. September 1956Claimed priority:
Great Britain September 27, 1956
Geoffrey Herbert Haines und Peter John Grant,Geoffrey Herbert Haines and Peter John Grant,
Erith, Kent (Großbritannien),
sind als Erfinder genannt wordenErith, Kent (UK),
have been named as inventors
ten her und heißen Gasströmungen ausgesetzt ist, gegen diese schädlichen Beeinflussungen geschützt ist.exposed to hot gas flows, is protected against these harmful influences.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß eine an sich bekannte, Werkstoff mit großem Neutroneneinfangquerschnitt enthaltende Abschirmung oberhalb des Kernes und in Abstand von der Innenwand des Behälters angeordnet ist, so daß ein Raum entsteht, wodurch der Behälter vor dem Auftreffen sowohl des aus den Kanälen austretenden Kühlgases als auch der Neutronen geschützt ist. Die Abschirmung kann aus einer Anzahl sich überdeckender plattenförmiger Elemente bestehen, die mit Öffnungen für den Durchgang von Teilen des Reaktors versehen sind. Jedes plattenförmige Element kann geschichtet aufgebaut sein, wobei sich der Werkstoff mit großem Neutroneneinfangquerschnitt zwischen Platten aus einem anderen Werkstoff, z. B. weichem Stahl oder Flußeisen, befindet. Die Abschirmung kann von den unteren Enden der Standrohre der Regulierstabmechanismen getragen werden. In diesem Fall kann die Abschirmung an den Enden der mit Außengewinden versehenen Standrohre angeschraubt und gehalten sein.This is achieved according to the invention in that a material known per se with a large neutron capture cross section containing shield above the core and at a distance from the inner wall of the container is arranged so that a space is created whereby the container from impacting both the cooling gas emerging from the channels and the neutrons is protected. The shield can consist of a number of overlapping plate-shaped elements with openings for the passage of parts of the reactor are provided. Each plate-shaped element can be built up in layers be, the material with a large neutron capture cross-section between plates another material, e.g. B. soft steel or fluke is located. The shield can be used by the lower ends of the standpipes of the regulating rod mechanisms. In this case, the Shield screwed and held at the ends of the male threaded standpipes be.
Zum deutlichen Verständnis der Erfindung wird nun eine Anordnung eines gasgekühlten. Kernreaktors, der einen zusammengesetzten Druckbehälter und eine Abschirmung nach der Erfindung aufweist, als Bei-For a clear understanding of the invention, an arrangement of a gas-cooled. Nuclear reactor, which has a composite pressure vessel and a shield according to the invention, as an accessory
109 537/450109 537/450
spiel an Hand der Zeichnung beschrieben, in dergame described on the basis of the drawing in the
Fig. 1 eine teilweise als Schnitt dargestellte Seitenansicht des Druckbehälters und seines Inhalts ist undFigure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of the pressure vessel and its contents and
Fig. 2 ein einzelnes typisches Element der Abschirmung veranschaulicht.Figure 2 shows a single typical element of the shield illustrated.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Druckbehälter der obenerwähnten Bauart, der im wesentlichen einen äußeren Mantel 1 und einen inneren Mantel 2 umfaßt, der ein hitzefestes Futter in Abstand von dem äußeren. Mantel bildet. Der Reaktorkern 3 ruht auf einem Traggitter 4, und das Betriebsgas des Reaktors wird dem Kern durch Einlaßrohre 5 zugeführt und verläßt den inneren Mantel 2 durch Auslaßrohre 6 zu nicht dargestellten Wärmeaustauschern. Das Kühlgas strömt von den Gaseinlaßrohren 5 zuerst nach unten und dann durch den Reaktorkern 3 nach oben und wird schließlich von der Oberseite des Kernes aus durch die Auslaßrohre 6 ausgestoßen. Für Brennstoffelemente sind in dem Kern 3 Bohrungen 7 vorgesehen, die durch den Boden des äußeren Mantels 1 verlaufen.Fig. 1 shows a pressure vessel of the type mentioned above, which essentially has an outer jacket 1 and an inner jacket 2 which has a refractory lining spaced from the outer. a coat forms. The reactor core 3 rests on a support grid 4, and the operating gas of the reactor is attached to the core fed through inlet pipes 5 and leaves the inner jacket 2 through outlet pipes 6 to not shown Heat exchangers. The cooling gas flows down from the gas inlet pipes 5 first and then up through the reactor core 3 and finally is from the top of the core through the outlet pipes 6 ejected. For fuel elements 3 holes 7 are provided in the core through the Run the bottom of the outer shell 1.
Wie man aus der Zeichnung erkennt, bildet der innere Mantel 2 keine vollständige Umhüllung wie der äußere Mantel 1, sondern besteht aus einem senkrechten zylindrischen Teil und einem mehr oder weniger halbkugelförmigen Teil, der sich an dem zylindrischen Teil befindet. Der obere Teil des zusammengesetzten Druckbehälters des Reaktors ist im Betrieb naturgemäß einem beträchtlichen Neutronenbeschuß von den Brennstoffelementen in dem Kern ausgesetzt, und weiterhin ist ein Temperaturanstieg von dem Boden zu dem oberen Teil des Behälters vorhanden, so daß an der Behälteroberseite beträchtlich höhere Temperaturen als am Behälterboden herrschen. Um die obere Seite des Druckbehälters gegen Neutronenbeschuß und auf treffende heiße Gase zu schützen, ist eine Schutzabschirmung 8 oberhalb des Kernes 3 angeordnet, wobei diese Abschirmung derart ausgebildet ist, daß sie den Neutronenstrom nach oben von den Brennstoffelementen her zum oberen Teil des Druckbehälters verringert.As can be seen from the drawing, the inner jacket 2 does not form a complete envelope like that outer jacket 1, but consists of a vertical cylindrical part and a more or less hemispherical part, which is located on the cylindrical part. The upper part of the compound The pressure vessel of the reactor is naturally a considerable neutron bombardment from the operation Exposed to fuel elements in the core and a temperature rise from the bottom continues the upper part of the container, so that considerably higher temperatures at the top of the container than prevail at the bottom of the container. Around the upper side of the pressure vessel against neutron bombardment and Protecting against hot gases is a protective shield 8 arranged above the core 3, this shield being designed such that it the neutron flow upwards from the fuel elements to the upper part of the pressure vessel decreased.
Die Abschirmung 8 ist in der Zeichnung als eine waagerechte Trennwand dargestellt, die zwischen sich und dem oberen Teil des inneren Mantels 2 einen Gasraum 9 begrenzt. Ein kleiner Spalt 10 ist zwischen dem Umfang der Abschirmung 8 und der Innenfläche des inneren Mantels 2 vorgesehen. Eine Abschirmung 11 aus Weichstahl- oder Flußeisenplatten schützt die Innenseite des gewölbten oberen Teiles des inneren Mantels in der Höhe, wo die Auslaßrohre 6 aus dem Druckbehälter heraustreten, und erstreckt sich für ein kurzes Stück durch den Spalt 10.The shield 8 is shown in the drawing as a horizontal partition between them and the upper part of the inner casing 2 delimits a gas space 9. A small gap 10 is between the periphery of the shield 8 and the inner surface of the inner shell 2 is provided. A shield 11 made of mild steel or fluoro iron plates protects the inside of the arched upper part of the inner one Jacket at the height where the outlet pipes 6 emerge from the pressure vessel, and extends for a short distance through the gap 10.
Die Abschirmung 8 kann in verschiedener Weise gelagert sein. In der dargestellten Anordnung wird sie von Standrohren 12 für nicht dargestellte Regulierstabmechanismen getragen. DieStandrohre 12 treten nach unten durch die obere biologische Betonabschirmung des Reaktors hindurch und sind durch Kappen 13 in dem äußeren Mantel 1 des Druckbehälters geeignet abgedichtet. Wo die Standrohre 12 durch den inneren Mantel 2 verlaufen, sind Elemente 14 vorhanden, die eine Relativbewegung zwischen den Standrohren und dem inneren Mantel 2 zulassen, und weiterhin kann Gas von dem Raum 15 zwischen den beiden Mänteln in den Raum 9 oberhalb der Abschirmung 8 strömen. Kühlgas strömt von einer Ringhauptleitung 16 durch Rohre 17 eines inneren Gasverteilungssystems, wobei die Rohre 17 mit Düsen versehen sind, die auf die Innenfläche des äußeren Mantels 1 gerichtet sind.The shield 8 can be mounted in various ways. In the arrangement shown, they are carried by standpipes 12 for regulating rod mechanisms, not shown. Step on the standing tubes 12 down through the upper biological concrete shield of the reactor and are through caps 13 suitably sealed in the outer jacket 1 of the pressure vessel. Where the standpipes 12 through the run inner jacket 2, elements 14 are present, which allow a relative movement between the standpipes and the inner jacket 2, and gas can continue to flow from the space 15 between the two Coats flow into the space 9 above the shield 8. Cooling gas flows from one Main ring line 16 through pipes 17 of an internal gas distribution system, the pipes 17 with nozzles which are directed towards the inner surface of the outer shell 1.
Um die Abschirmung 8 an den unteren Enden der Standrohre 12 zu lagern, sind die Enden der Standrohre mit Außengewinde versehen, und die Abschirmung 8, die aus einer Anzahl plattenförmiger Elemente besteht, hat öffnungen, die über die Enden der Standrohre 12 geschraubt sind und an ihrem Platz zwischen verschraubten Ringen 18 an den Standrohren gehalten werden. Aus der Zeichnung erkennt man, daß sich die Abschirmung 8 nicht soweit wie das äußerste Regulierstabstandrohr 12 radial nach außen erstreckt, sondern daß sie in wirksamer Weise alle Brennstoffelemente innerhalb des Kerns 3 überdeckt.To store the shield 8 at the lower ends of the standpipes 12, the ends of the standpipes are externally threaded, and the shield 8, which consists of a number of plate-shaped elements exists, has openings that are screwed over the ends of the standpipes 12 and in place be held between screwed rings 18 on the standpipes. From the drawing you can see that the shield 8 is not as far as the outermost regulating rod standpipe 12 radially outward but that it effectively covers all of the fuel elements within the core 3.
Wie oben erwähnt wurde, besteht die Abschirmung 8 aus einer Anzahl plattenförmiger Elemente. Fig. 2 zeigt ein solches Element 19, das aus einem geschichteten Bauteil mit Unterleg- oder Abdeckstreifen 20 oberhalb bzw. unterhalb ihrer Hauptebene besteht, so daß das Element 19 benachbarte plattenförmige Elemente überdecken kann. Das Element 19 ist mit Öffnungen 21 für die Standrohre versehen, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, und die Zwischenlage besteht aus einer Schicht aus Bor enthaltendem Werkstoff in Abstand zwischen Flußeisenblechen. Das Element 19 ist in der beschriebenen Anordnung angenähert 168 cm lang, 83 cm breit und 1,27 cm dick. Die obere Flußeisenplatte ist 0,32 cm, die untere Flußeisenplatte ist 0,64 cm und die Zwischenschicht des Bor enthaltenden Werkstoffes zwischen den beiden Platten 0,32 cm dick.As mentioned above, the shield 8 consists of a number of plate-shaped elements. Fig. 2 shows such an element 19, which consists of a layered component with underlay or cover strips 20 is above or below its main plane, so that the element 19 is adjacent plate-shaped Can cover elements. The element 19 is provided with openings 21 for the standpipes, as in FIG Fig. 1 is shown, and the liner consists of a layer of boron-containing material in Distance between fluoro iron sheets. The element 19 is approximated in the arrangement described 168 cm long, 83 cm wide and 1.27 cm thick. The upper fluoro iron plate is 0.32 cm, the lower fluoro iron plate is 0.64 cm and the intermediate layer of boron containing material between the two plates 0.32 cm thick.
Wie man erkennt, unterscheiden sich die plattenförmigen Elemente hinsichtlich ihres Umrisses und ihrer Abdeckstreifen 20 von der Abschirmung 8. Jedoch bilden sie zusammen eine wirksame Neutronenabschirmung, die den nach oben gerichteten Neutronenstrom in dem Druckbehälter begrenzt. Dies beschränkt den Temperaturanstieg an der Oberseite des Behälters, und weiterhin vermindert der Gasstrom in dem Raum 9 und dann durch den Ring 10 rings um die Abschirmung 8 ebenfalls die Temperatur an der Oberseite des Druckbehälters.As can be seen, the plate-shaped elements differ in terms of their outline and their cover strips 20 from the screen 8. However, together they form an effective neutron screen, which limits the upward flow of neutrons in the pressure vessel. This is limited the temperature rise at the top of the container, and further the gas flow in decreases the space 9 and then through the ring 10 around the shield 8 also the temperature at the Top of the pressure vessel.
Die Flußeisenabschirmung 11 für den Teil des inneren Mantels 2, der durch die Abschirmung 8 nicht geschützt ist, kann auch aus plattenförmigen Elementen gebildet werden, deren Gestalt durch ihren Anordnungsplatz bestimmt wird, und die Elemente werden an dem inneren Mantelkopf durch abgesetzte Bolzen befestigt, die an die Elemente geschweißt sind und mit geringem Spiel durch die Löcher in dem inneren Mantelkopf verlaufen.The fluoro iron shield 11 for the part of the inner jacket 2 which is not covered by the shield 8 is protected, can also be formed from plate-shaped elements, the shape of their arrangement space is determined, and the elements are attached to the inner jacket head by offset bolts attached, which are welded to the elements and with little play through the holes in the interior Coat head run.
Claims (5)
Zeitschrift: »Proceedings of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy«, Bd. 3, 1955, S. 104 bis 106, 13S, 179, 180, 297, 299;Considered publications:
Journal: "Proceedings of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy", Vol. 3, 1955, pp. 104 to 106, 13S, 179, 180, 297, 299;
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB29609/56A GB818779A (en) | 1956-09-27 | 1956-09-27 | Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1102920B true DE1102920B (en) | 1961-03-23 |
Family
ID=47149035
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEG23022A Pending DE1102920B (en) | 1956-09-27 | 1957-09-26 | Gas-cooled nuclear reactor with a core made of brake fluid |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE561184A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1102920B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1183425A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB818779A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2631408A1 (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-01-19 | Interatom | Top reflector esp. for pebble-bed reactor - has retaining plates directly above graphite blocks to prevent movement |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1220943B (en) * | 1959-06-16 | 1966-07-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Support for the core arrangement of an atomic nuclear reactor |
| NL253698A (en) * | 1959-07-20 |
-
1956
- 1956-09-27 GB GB29609/56A patent/GB818779A/en not_active Expired
-
1957
- 1957-09-26 FR FR1183425D patent/FR1183425A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-09-26 DE DEG23022A patent/DE1102920B/en active Pending
- 1957-09-27 BE BE561184D patent/BE561184A/xx not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2631408A1 (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-01-19 | Interatom | Top reflector esp. for pebble-bed reactor - has retaining plates directly above graphite blocks to prevent movement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE561184A (en) | 1957-10-15 |
| GB818779A (en) | 1959-08-26 |
| FR1183425A (en) | 1959-07-07 |
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