DE1100152B - Arrangement for the selective measurement and disconnection of earth faults in electrical systems, especially in underground mine networks - Google Patents
Arrangement for the selective measurement and disconnection of earth faults in electrical systems, especially in underground mine networksInfo
- Publication number
- DE1100152B DE1100152B DES65832A DES0065832A DE1100152B DE 1100152 B DE1100152 B DE 1100152B DE S65832 A DES65832 A DE S65832A DE S0065832 A DES0065832 A DE S0065832A DE 1100152 B DE1100152 B DE 1100152B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- arrangement
- control
- arrangement according
- toroidal core
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
- H02H3/382—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current involving phase comparison between current and voltage or between values derived from current and voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
Die Sicherheit der elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetze, insbesondere der Netze unter Tage, hängt in weitem Maße von dem Isolationszustand des Netzes ab. Je schneller ein entstehender Isolationsfehler erfaßt werden kann und je enger die darauffolgende Abschaltung auf den gestörten Netzteil beschränkt wird, desto höher ist die erreichbare Betriebssicherheit.The security of electrical energy supply networks, especially underground networks, depends on to a large extent on the insulation status of the network. The faster an insulation fault is detected and the closer the subsequent shutdown is restricted to the faulty power supply unit, the more the achievable operational reliability is higher.
Ein bekanntes Isolationsmeßverfahren von Stromversorgungsnetzen verwendet eine dem Netz überlagerte Gleichspannung, die in einer Meßeinrichtung den über einen Fehler abfließenden Gleichstromanteil eines Netzes festzustellen gestattet. Diesem Verfahren haften zwei grundsätzliche Mangel an. Erstens gestattet die Verwendung von Gleichstrom keine selektive Erfassung des Erdschlusses, da das gesamte Netz eine galvanisch verbundene Einheit bildet, die, sofern man — wie üblich — nur mit sehr kleinen zulässigen Fehlerströmen rechnet, meßtechnisch nicht getrennt werden kann. Ein weiterer Mangel besteht darin, daß ein großer Wechselstromanteil über die Fehlerstelle zusammen mit dem Gleichstrom fließt, und daß die Trennung des Wechselstromanteils von dem zu messenden Gleichstrom zu beträchtlichen Verzögerungen der Vorgänge in der Meßeinrichtung und damit letzten Endes zu Verzögerungen der Abschaltung des fehlerhaften Netzteiles führt.A well-known insulation measurement method for power supply networks uses one that is superimposed on the network Direct voltage, which in a measuring device represents the direct current component flowing off via an error allowed to determine a network. There are two fundamental deficiencies in this process. First, allowed the use of direct current does not provide selective detection of the earth fault, since the entire network is a galvanically connected unit forms which - as usual - only with very small permissible fault currents calculates, cannot be separated metrologically. Another shortcoming is that it is a big one AC component flows through the fault location together with the direct current, and that the separation of the alternating current component of the direct current to be measured leads to considerable delays in the processes in the measuring device and thus ultimately to delays in switching off the faulty power supply unit leads.
Zur Verbesserung wurde z. B. die in der Fig. 1 im Prinzip dargestellte Anordnung vorgeschlagen. Diese addiert vektoriell zwei Spannungen (vgl. Fig. 2), von denen die eine (U si) aus der Verschiebung des Potentials eines künstlichen Sternpunktes gegen das durch den Fehler im Netz »N« unsymmetrische Potential des Schutzleiters entsteht und die andere (CZ1 bzw. U2) aus der Wicklung eines Ringkernwandlers abgenommen wird, durch den die zu überwachende Leitung geführt ist. Die entstehenden Summenspannungen O-A und O-C werden durch Gleichrichter Gl1 und GZ2 gleichgerichtet und durch Kondensatoren und Widerstände geglättet. Die Differenz der beiden Gleichspannungen wird in einem empfindlichen Meßgerät 7? gemessen. Je nach der Lage des Fehlers dreht sich dabei die gemessene Potentialdifferenz um und ermöglicht dadurch das selektive Erfassen eines Fehlers.To improve z. B. proposed the arrangement shown in principle in Fig. 1. This vectorially added two voltages (see. Fig. 2), one of which (U si) resulting from the shift of the potential of an artificial star point against the unbalanced by the fault in the network "N" potential of the protective conductor and the other (CZ 1 or U 2 ) is removed from the winding of a toroidal core transformer through which the line to be monitored is passed. The resulting total voltages OA and OC are rectified by rectifiers Gl 1 and GZ 2 and smoothed by capacitors and resistors. The difference between the two direct voltages is measured in a sensitive measuring device 7? measured. Depending on the location of the fault, the measured potential difference is reversed, thereby enabling the selective detection of a fault.
Diese Anordnung ermöglicht zwar in gewissen Grenzen eine Selektivität der Erdschlußabschaltung. Die Meßgröße setzt sich aber aus Werten zusammen, die nicht nur von der Größe des ohmschen Fehlerwiderstandes, sondern weit stärker von der Größe der im Netz vorhandenen Kapazitäten und von Unsymmetrien im Netz abhängen. Die Umsetzung in einen Gleichstromwert bedeutet außerdem auch bei dieser Ausführung eine beträchtliche und sehr unerwünschte Zeitverzögerung. This arrangement allows a selectivity of the ground fault shutdown within certain limits. The measured variable is made up of values that not only depend on the size of the ohmic fault resistance, but much more on the size of the capacities available in the network and on asymmetries hang out in the network. The conversion to a direct current value also means in this embodiment a considerable and very undesirable time lag.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Anordnung zurThe invention is an arrangement for
Anordnung zur selektiven Messung
und Abschaltung von ErdschlüssenArrangement for selective measurement
and disconnection of earth faults
in elektrischen Anlagen,
insbesondere in Grubennetzen unter Tagein electrical systems,
especially in underground mine networks
Anmelder:Applicant:
Siemens-SchuckertwerkeSiemens-Schuckertwerke
Aktiengesellschaft,Corporation,
Berlin und Erlangen,Berlin and Erlangen,
Erlangen, Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 50Erlangen, Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 50
Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf Streich, Berlin-Zehlendorf,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenDipl.-Ing. Rudolf Streich, Berlin-Zehlendorf,
has been named as the inventor
selektiven Messung und Abschaltung von Erdschlüssen in elektrischen Anlagen, insbesondere in Netzen unter Tage, bei der zwei Steuergrößen verwendet werden, von denen die erste aus der Verschiebung des Schutzleiterpotentials gewonnen und die andere aus der Wicklung eines mit dem Netz in Verbindung stehenden, die zu überwachende Leitung umfassenden Ringkernwandlers abgenommen wird.selective measurement and disconnection of earth faults in electrical systems, especially in networks underground, where two control variables are used, the first of which is derived from the displacement of the Protective conductor potential obtained and the other from the winding of one connected to the network standing toroidal core converter encompassing the line to be monitored is removed.
Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß die beiden Steuergrößen in einer Wechselstromschaltung ausgewertet werden, die in Abhängigkeit von der gegenseitigen Phasenlage der beiden Steuergrößen gesteuert wird.The invention consists in evaluating the two control variables in an alternating current circuit which is controlled as a function of the mutual phase position of the two control variables.
Dabei kann die erste Steuergröße aus der Verschiebung des durch einen Fehler im Netz unsymmetrisch gewordenen Potentials des Schutzleiters gegen einen künstlichen Sternpunkt oder aber auch aus der Verschiebung der durch einen Fehler im Netz unsymmetrisch gewordenen Phasenspannungen gewonnen werden. Diese Größe dient zur Steuerung der Wechselstromschaltung. Über ihre beiden Zweige wird die zweite aus einem Ringkernwandler stammende Steuergröße geführt. Da nun unmittelbar Wechselstromanteile miteinander verglichen werden, ist eine Umwandlung in Gleichstrom und damit eine Glättung nicht mehr notwendig, so daß ein angeschlossener Verstärker außerordentlich schnell arbeiten kann. In Versuchen wurde oszillographisch nachgewiesen, daß zur Erfassung eines Fehlers je nach der Phasenlage des Zeitpunktes, in dem der Fehler auftritt, wenige Millisekunden genügen, um ein Abschaltkommando zu geben.The first control variable can be derived from the shift in the value that has become asymmetrical due to a fault in the network Potential of the protective conductor against an artificial star point or from the shift the phase voltages that have become asymmetrical due to a fault in the network will. This variable is used to control the AC circuit. The second control variable originating from a toroidal core converter. Since now there are direct alternating current components are compared with each other, a conversion into direct current and thus a smoothing is no longer necessary so that a connected amplifier can work extremely quickly. In trials it has been proven by oscillograph that to detect an error, depending on the phase position of the point in time, in which the error occurs, a few milliseconds are sufficient to issue a shutdown command.
Zum Vergleich der Phasenlagen können mechanische Meßgleichrichter vorgesehen und von der erstenTo compare the phase positions, mechanical measuring rectifiers can be provided and from the first
109 527/446109 527/446
Claims (12)
Stromschaltung ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil sie io Da die Anordnung keine beweglichen Kontakte entohne Sch well wert für die durchzulassenden Wechsel- hält, kann sie besonders raumsparend dadurch ausgestromanteile arbeitet. führt werden, daß die einzelnen Elemente, wie z. B.To compare the phase positions, the invention can therefore be used in conjunction with lines, in which a transistor circuit is better used in accordance with, which an internal fault initially leads to grounding, Conductive rubber opposite working direction in series connection sheath around each wire), contains a very important step. Each branch can be blocked or released by the control voltage in improving the safety of electrical networks. These changes - especially those underground.
Current switching is particularly advantageous because it works in a particularly space-saving way. Since the arrangement does not hold any moving contacts without a threshold value for the changes to be allowed through, it can operate in a particularly space-saving manner. leads to the fact that the individual elements, such. B.
Stärkung kann dann schon mit größeren Werten der Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in ausgeschnittenen Wechselstromteile arbeiten. Dadurch den Fig. 3 bis 6 in Form von schematischen Schaltwird eine weitgehende Unabhängigkeit vom Tempera- bildern dargestellt,
turgang der verwendeten Bauelemente erzielt. 20 Gemäß der Fig. 3 ist ein Schalter 1 verwendet, derThe measuring span transistors, resistors, etc. from the toroidal core converter, with the toroidal core, are advantageously first assembled in an AC converter and embedded in cast resin, amplified and then fed to the device. This means that an otherwise required pressure-sensitive function is also compared with the phase positions. The subsequent solid encapsulation of the arrangement is superfluous.
Strengthening can then already with larger values of the Some exemplary embodiments of the invention work in cut-out AC parts. As a result, FIGS. 3 to 6 in the form of schematic circuitry are shown to be largely independent of the temperature.
turgang the components used achieved. 20 According to FIG. 3, a switch 1 is used which
wachenden Abzweig die MeSSUHg1 nur noch unwesent- Die Fig. 5 zeigt ein Schema einer Schutzschaltung, lieh beeinflußt. 35 Das Netz ist mit N und der Ringkernwandler mit W Protective conductor and artificial star point are irrelevant 25 In FIG. 4, a transistor circuit is illustrated. This has the advantage: that the size of the error is visible. In each branch of this circuit, each current component is provided solely as a measure for the response of the two transistors 5 and 6 or 7 and 8. Device can be used, and that the voltages which are supplied to this transistor circuit are significantly more independent of the size of the are supplied with U s t and U. The capacities available in the network and up to one of the two transformers U 1 and U 2 are used to divide up to a certain extent the asymmetry of the two control variables into two equal ones, by 180 °. It is particularly advantageous that the opposite parts. With 2 the relay asymmetry of the network capacity is again referred to in front of the over or measuring device or its coil,
monitoring branch the measurement 1 only insignificant- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a protective circuit, borrowed influenced. 35 The network is marked with N and the toroidal core converter with W
toren definierter Impulsbreite verwendet werden. Durch Die eventuell verwendete Kurzschließereinrichtung diese Maßnahme läßt sich eine noch weitergehende ist bei 16 angedeutet.It is particularly advantageous in accordance with the following. An alternating invention is connected to the toroidal core converter when the current amplifier 10 is connected from the potential shift. The device 11 of the protective conductor and the control variable coming from the toroidal core converter for comparing the phase position is initially connected to the neutral point 12 in square pulses of the network N and also to the AC amplifier of a defined width in a known manner. Furthermore, it is to be converted with the protective conductor. For this purpose z. B. with. 13 connected. The required multivibra amplifier equipped with direct current tubes or transistors is denoted by 14 and a relay coil is denoted by 15,
gates with a defined pulse width can be used. The short-circuiting device that may be used, this measure, an even more extensive one is indicated at 16.
haft dadurch ausgenutzt werden, daß die entsprechend
zu schützenden Leitungsabschnitte nicht über normalecan according to the further invention particularly advantageous circuit correspond to those of FIG. 5.
liable to be exploited by the fact that the corresponding
the line sections to be protected do not have normal
modernsten Mitteln immer Schaltzeiten von einigen 60Switching devices are switched off, which also applies to patent claims:
most modern means always switching times of some 60
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES65832A DE1100152B (en) | 1959-11-13 | 1959-11-13 | Arrangement for the selective measurement and disconnection of earth faults in electrical systems, especially in underground mine networks |
BE596965A BE596965A (en) | 1959-11-13 | 1960-11-10 | Device for the selective measurement and breaking of earth faults in electrical installations, in particular in underground mining networks |
GB39113/60A GB923292A (en) | 1959-11-13 | 1960-11-14 | Apparatus for detecting earth faults in electric current supply systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES65832A DE1100152B (en) | 1959-11-13 | 1959-11-13 | Arrangement for the selective measurement and disconnection of earth faults in electrical systems, especially in underground mine networks |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1100152B true DE1100152B (en) | 1961-02-23 |
Family
ID=7498341
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DES65832A Pending DE1100152B (en) | 1959-11-13 | 1959-11-13 | Arrangement for the selective measurement and disconnection of earth faults in electrical systems, especially in underground mine networks |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE596965A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1100152B (en) |
GB (1) | GB923292A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0041374A1 (en) * | 1980-06-04 | 1981-12-09 | Jacob Donald Evans | A device for detecting a fault in an n-phase system |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3343080A (en) * | 1963-10-07 | 1967-09-19 | Gen Electric | Pulsing ground fault detector apparatus |
US3356939A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1967-12-05 | Fed Pacific Electric Co | Ground leakage detection apparatus for ungrounded systems including toroidal core detector means |
US3735250A (en) * | 1970-07-08 | 1973-05-22 | Shibaura Electric Comp | Fault detecting apparatus for a capacitor type potential divider having an amplifier |
US4054832A (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1977-10-18 | James G. Biddle Company | System and method of measurement of insulation qualities of three-phase power equipment |
DE102011076877A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Adaptive line filter |
-
1959
- 1959-11-13 DE DES65832A patent/DE1100152B/en active Pending
-
1960
- 1960-11-10 BE BE596965A patent/BE596965A/en unknown
- 1960-11-14 GB GB39113/60A patent/GB923292A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0041374A1 (en) * | 1980-06-04 | 1981-12-09 | Jacob Donald Evans | A device for detecting a fault in an n-phase system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB923292A (en) | 1963-04-10 |
BE596965A (en) | 1961-03-01 |
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