DE1098681B - Method and device for the mass production of glass panes provided with glass-like coatings - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

The invention relates to the treatment of glass panes, and in particular relates to a novel method and a novel device for coating flat glass sheets with colored vitreous, preferably silicate or metallic coatings and the hardening of these discs for use as decorative plates for the glazing of buildings, especially high-rise buildings.

The previous coating and hardening of glass panes consisted of a lengthy treatment. Separate Discs were handled either upright with tongs or peripherally in a horizontal position on trolleys placed, which were provided with a support frame, the outline of which adapted to that of the disc to be coated which was then tempered or hardened.

With the increasing popularity of the decorative panels for glazing high-rise buildings, the disadvantages became the older procedures are becoming more and more serious. When performing operations using pliers to Carrying the panes of glass in an upright position required a large workforce to handle the glass will. The previously used working methods in a horizontal position required the maintenance of one large inventory of trolleys of various sizes to move the panes of glass through the individual treatment courses to drive.

In the method of the present invention for the mass production of coated glass sheets, a Multitude of flat sheets of glass moved forward with their undersides in direct contact with the conveying elements carrying the glass pane stand, while one after the other a liquid dispersion of a finely divided Coating mass is applied to the tops of the moving panes of glass, followed by a gradual Heating the coated moving glass panes to temperatures high enough to keep the To make glass panes glow in their entire thickness. These high temperatures are sufficient to volatilize the carrier liquid of the coating compound and for its melting onto the surfaces of the panes, but not for their softening. In addition, you warm up for a relatively short period of time and then cools the hot coated wafers at a rate sufficient to cure.

In the normal embodiment of the invention, the flat glass panes lie directly on an elongated one horizontal conveyor and are successively through this through a washing device in which Detergents are placed on the surfaces of the panes, then through a dryer in the air to dry the washed surfaces is inflated, further through a zone with side conveyors, the Alternately remove panes of glass or those from other work steps on the horizontal conveyor Method and device

for mass production

with glass-like coatings

provided glass panes

Applicant:

Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company,
Pittsburgh, Pa. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr. W. Beil

and A. Hoeppener, lawyers,

FrankfuTt / M.-Hödist, Antoniterstr. 36

Claimed priority:
V. St. v. America June 5, 1957

William Orlando Lytle, New Kensington, Pa.

(V. St. A.),
has been named as the inventor

through a pair of spray compartments to apply a suspension of a coating composition in a liquid binder to the tops of the panes, the spray compartments can work alternately or one after the other to apply one or more coatings, past brushes to remove the excess coating composition remove the underside of the panes, through an oven, the temperature of which is very precisely regulated so that the liquid solvent evaporates first and the coating mass melts, whereupon the panes are heated vigorously for a short time to their annealing temperature indicated above, through a cooling section, where the Glass panes with the melted coating are hardened and cooled, and finally guided on an outfeed conveyor to the removal point.
Typical devices, as they are required for carrying out the invention, are described below for a more detailed explanation, but represent only exemplary embodiments.

Fig. IA and IB show longitudinal sections of parts of a typical apparatus for performing the present

109 508/174

Invention. The parts are shown broken, and the .Drive roller 60 are stretched, and form upper and Drawing is shown in two parts, spaced around the entire up- lower running strands build on a single side of a drawing sheet in the cable.

the same scale, and certain details _ a. Tensioning roller 63 is with the consoles 61 by the to show its construction in sufficient size; 5 tabs 64 connected and at their other end

Figures 2A and 2B are plan views of the idler pulley drive shaft in Figures 1A and IB. Each tab 64 is seated shown parts of the device; on a compression spring 65, which by the pivotable

3 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the washing tab 64, an elastic carrier for the tensioning roller 63 Department; forms. The lower strand of the cable 62 is on top of this

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cable conveyor 10 along the top surface of the tension pulley 63 in chip form the lines IV-IV in Fig. 2; voltage held, reducing the upper strand of the cable

Fig. 5 is a partially sectional view shown being straightened.
one of the spray compartments; The cable conveyor also has a number of consoles66,

6 is a view, partially in section, between which various cable support rollers 67 are taken the lines VI-VI in Fig. 2 and shows details 15 are brought, which are arranged at a distance from one another the heating device of the annealing furnace; Carriers for the upper and lower cable harnesses

7 is a schematic diagram of a control station. At the front end of the cable conveyor is a Circuit for part of the annealing furnace; driven roller 68 arranged around which the

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged longitudinal view of the different cables running. The driven roller is on Outlet of the furnace and the beginning of the cooling section; 20 attached to a shaft 70, which is in a supporting them 9 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line console 72 rotating.

IX-IX in Fig. 8, with individual parts broken away. A coupling 74 provides optional engagement

are placed; . . between the shaft 70 of the driven roller 68 of the

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a control cable conveyor 16 and the stub shaft 76 on which a Circuit arrangement for the annealing furnace; 25 chain drive wheel78 is attached. This drives a chain,

Fig. 11 is a view similar to that shown in Fig. 8 connecting it to a driven sprocket 82, and shows a different embodiment of the construction of the furnace outlet. benen sprocket 82 rotated to drive another

With particular reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, chain wheel 86, which in turn has further chain wheels 88 2A and 2B illustrate the general arrangement of a typical 30 through an interconnecting drive chain 90 Device explained. Left to right first in drifts. The rollers 92 of the infeed conveyor 12 are on the "A" parts and then the sprockets 88 in the "B" parts of the drawing.

the device consists successively of one. The last roller of the infeed conveyor 12, which sits on the table 10, followed by a drive shaft 84 offset over the entire length, is directly below one of the horizontal conveyors extending the apparatus. 35 pressure roller 96 arranged. Between the rollers 94 this has an infeed conveyor section 12, which extends through and 96 continuous glass plates, a washing station 14, a cable conveyor 16, is pushed forward into the washing station 14 under pressure, since the one extends over a first roller table 18, the spraying distance between the conveyor roller 94 and the pressure compartments 20 and 22 and a second roller table 24, something Heiner is set as the thickness of the glass stretch. Beyond the cable conveyor, the horizontal plate is 40
zontal conveyor back into a roller conveyor

a surface cleaning station 26, an oven 28 washing station

with a series of interconnected tunnel-like parts 29, the last of which is a special one. The scrubber 14 has an entrance slot 101 (Fig. 3) Has heating zone 30. A hardening station 32 and an outlet 45 in its front wall 102. Conveyor rollers 103 driven by conveyor part 34 are arranged on the other side of the furnace. a conveyor drive are driven, are used to

Movement of the glass plates through the washing station.

The conveyor and its engine On top of each conveyor roller 103 is a wring

roller 104, which is arranged so that it connects with the conveyor

The various conveyor sections cooperate for movement 50 and roll the glass through the washer the panes of glass moved through the various stations of the.

Device are directly or indirectly through a The first part of the washing station has a housing for

Motor 40 driven. This rotates a drive chain dispensing the detergent, the upper and lower wheel 41, which rotates a sprocket 43 through a chain 42. perforated tubes 105 contains a clean-this to exit is attached to a main drive shaft 44, which is 55 fluid solution, such as a solution of a hochin Offset. The main drive shaft is at 45 with sulfonated fatty acid, on the top and bottom geared to the conveyor rollers 46 of the furnace. Brushes 106 mounted on brush spindles.

- Sitting at the end of the main drive shaft 44 of the oven rollers. The brushes 106 carry the detergent solution from the intermeshing gears 47, which rotate with a coupling tube and wiping against the upper and ment 48 are coupled. This in turn drives a 60 lower surfaces of the continuous glass chain and sprocket system 50 that controls the rotation of the pulleys. The detergent feeder tapers off Controls rollers 52 of the outfeed conveyor. down into a drain pipe 107 through which the detergent

The 10 horsepower variable speed motor 40 circulates the solution back into the hollow perforated tubes 105 has a speed ratio of 3: 1, can be sufficient or drained into a sewer to drive the remaining parts of the oven conveyor 65, while fresh detergent passes through the hollow tubes leading system. The main drive shaft 44 is fed through.

a coupling 56 coupled to a side shaft 58, the second division of the washing station 14 is a

on the one drive shaft 60 for the cable conveyor 16 flushing housing. Spray nozzles 109 are in this housing is attached. Brackets 61 are used to support the diagonally transverse to the direction of movement of the glass panes Shaft 58. The cable conveyor has cables 62, which are arranged around 70 to face them backwards for up-

5 6

applying a washing-off solution, such as water, to the surface of the table 146 supports a number of

surfaces of the glass pane on both sides in a roller bracket 148 obliquely evenly distributed at intervals. and backwards to the direction of movement of the discs. An inverted roller 150, which is wrapped around a stub axle 52 direction lying through the washing station. DieDüsenl09 is rotatable, is supported by one of these brackets 148 are connected to feed pipes 110 carried by pumps 5. The stub axes are parallel to the and mixers (not shown) are connected and axis of travel determined by the conveyor. pump the water. Waste removal tubes 111 are The roller tables 18 and 24 are sized and are

attached to the removal of the dirty water. "in such a position with respect to the cable conveyor 16 Since the spray is arranged obliquely backwards on the loading, that its lower part 130 straddles the the path of the glass is directed, the ent- io lower strands of the cable conveyor stands while The upper table 146 between the cable harnesses 62 remains at a distance approximately on the glass plate surfaces bener detergent solution supported. The rollers 150 are arranged so that they lie between

A third division of the washing station 14 consists of the individual cables 62 of the upper strands of the Föraus Mopping brushes 112 arranged in groups. which can be moved vertically. As a result, These cleaning brushes are installed so that when the piston 139 is moved, they will move downwards at 15 Rotating against the upper and lower glass surfaces extending arm 137 and the lever arm 136 like a to press. The wiping brushes are preferably rotated around the bearing rod 134 in a toggle lever and built so that they lift in opposite directions the thrust bearing rod 144, causing the lifting rotation, so that the running speed of the glass posts 145 pushes the upper table upwards so that along the conveyor. 20 the rollers 150 over those of the upper cable strands 62 Below the mopping brushes there is a drain 113 in front of the cable conveyor 16, rising to a certain height, seen through all the debris and accumulating when the piston cylinder 140 is on the opposite Water being drained into a sump (not shown) is controlled movement, the upper table 140 descends, will. until the rollers 150 below the upper cable strands 62

The end part of the washing department is an air drying 25 of the piston conveyor 16,
voltage device. To ensure that the roller tables are exactly lowered

Blowers are in this last section behind which are lifted right and not at an angle, Wiping brushes 112 arranged. These fans end in pistons 139 in pairs at opposite ends flat elongated nozzle slots 115 that move across sides near one end of each roller table become the conveyor above and below the movement path 30. Additional knee levers from the downwards extend. The slots 115 are arranged so that directed arms 137 and the lever arms 136 dry Air forms in an oblique direction on the glass surfaces are sitting on the bearing rods 134, which is blown. The slots 115 are connected to one another with a wing, the brackets 132, which are of the Fan 116 (Fig. 1) connected by lines 114. other ends of the table. One

An outlet slot 117 is from the rear wall 118 35 further thrust bearing rod 144 is from one end of the cut so that the washed, brushed and lever arms 136 are carried and extends through the Dried glass panes from the cable conveyor 16 perforated lifting post 145. A pivot rod 154 can be taken. connects piston 139 to the second downward

Immediately in front of the washing station 14, a straightened rod 137, with it all the lifting posts Activation switch can be attached, which lifts or lowers the individual 40 145 evenly at the same time Sets the station's feeder parts in motion. The actuation can be.

The switch is activated when it comes into contact with the front edge of a. The glass plates G can be reversed

Glass plate pressed down, which are moved to the washing station on rollers 150 across the cable conveyor 16 is moved, and remains on until the drain to align or move either forward or edge of the plate has released the switch. 45 behind the spray compartments, without interrupting the operation

the cable conveyance is influenced. As a result, it is also possible to have panels with hidden decorations

Roller tables on their surfaces to the treatment line

to bring further treatment without these plates

Each roller table 18 or 24 has, as in Fig. 1A and 4 so go through the washer,
is shown a lower part 10 with legs 131, the

Support brackets 132, and a rigid support frame 133. Spray booths

A bearing rod 134 connects the consoles 132 to one another. Each spray compartment 20 or 22 has a ceiling

A counterweight 135 is attached to one end of a lever bracket 160 that extends across the conveyor and arms 136 and pivots about the bearing supporting a drive chain 161 between a pair of rods 134. A lever arm 136 is on a downwardly sprocket 162. A carriage 163 is attached to the reciprocating arm 137, the lower end of the reciprocating end of which is attached to the ceiling beam 160 by connection to a crosshead 138. This moves manure with a shoulder 164 displaceable in a vertisich horizontally with a piston 139 within a 60 cal slot of the carriage 163 arranged. When the cylinders 140. Hoses 141 and 142 are attached to the ZyUn sprockets 162 rotate, they move the drive chain 161 of the 140 on opposite sides of the piston 139 and the extension 164 and move the carriage 163 towards it. These connect the opposite sides and forth carried by the carrier 160.
The piston is connected to a source of compressed air by a switch- Each carriage 163 is provided with a downward facing

valve (not shown). 65 console 166 and carries a group of four

A pressure bearing rod 144 is on the lever arm 130 spray guns 167 of known type. These spray guns mounted opposite the support rod 134 and extending are valved, and the valve actuators are through openings in the vertical lifting postl45. by a crossbar 169 (Fig. 1 A) ver-Die upper ends of these posts carry an upper bound. Flexible feed tubes 170, which are carried by a vertically sliding table 146. 70 hooks 171 are supported on an overhead

7 8

Carrier is attached, are used to supply the spray gun 180 attached in the form of an inverted hood, the guns with the necessary fillers, · with a (not shown) suction pump by means of a

A sub-outlet pipe 184 located on one side of the spray compartments is coupled, whereby a Umgedruckabsaugkammer 172 is formed for sucking off all non-inverted vacuum suction device is formed, the frit used from the atmosphere of the spray 5 serves to remove all coating material, which is divided by compartments. wiped the brushes off the bottom of the glass

Water becomes a sloping sidewall 173 that has been. The surface cleaning station 26 is sprayed downwardly along chamber 172 and, immediately beyond the end of the cable conveyor 16, aids in the precipitation of unused coating mass. and arranged directly in front of the furnace 28 . The conveying the entrained by water or by extraction io roll 186, with the cable conveyor 16 removed by the chamber unused frit may re-chain are connected 187, move the glass from the cable Recovered and by a conventional Wiedergewinmings- conveyor to the conveyor rolls 46 of the oven 28. The wiping system can be made reusable (not shown), brushes 180 are secured by a chain 188 (Fig. 2B)

The spray guns are rotated back and forth faster, which is driven by a motor 189 at a rate that is more variable than the linear speed of the conveyor, 15 rotational speed. The mopping brushes 180 are associated with a uniform deposition of the coating of the drive chain in such a way that the material on the upper surface of the glass panes is secured. Brushes rotate in opposite directions. Two spray booths are used to reduce their inclination to the movement of the panels. either to disrupt a replacement in the event of difficulties, to be reduced to the smallest degree,
or some customization if the outlet is carried through the chimney 182 and the production changed from one color to another outlet pipe 184 of the inverted aspirator. Also, it is sometimes desirable to apply two coats to the various coatings, such as a colored roller, to increase the pulling force of the plates, thereby preventing the brush 180 from having a frit which is covered by an aluminum coating. hinder the forward movement of the glass.

Freely rotating brushes. 174 are vertical 25
Rods 175 are carried, which are installed near one side of each ceiling bridge adjacent to the air extraction chamber 172 . The brushes 174 are directed towards the The furnace 28 has a series of interconnected paths of each orifice of the spray guns from the tunnel chambers 29, beginning with an inlet. As the openings approach the end of their slot 200 and ending with an outlet slot 201. reciprocating movement, they come into contact with four oven chambers, each 305 cm long, with the brushes 174, all of which have excess frit are far from being suitable for factory production. Which is proven by contact with the spray gun. A special zone 30 in which the temperature estuaries induced vibrations of the brush _se hr is rapidly increased, bristles near the outlet slot cause splashing of the frit. Arranged by the 35 of the last furnace compartment 29 .
Suctioning the vacuum suction chamber 172 removes the spray booth from the spray booth. The conveyor rollers 46 extend transversely through the sprayed frit. If the oven and brushes are left at a relatively large distance from each other, the mouths tend to be close to the outlet slot. The rollers are openings of the spray guns to be then purified by frit made of refractory material, for example stainless crusting, and need to provide a 40 steel, the distance between the rollers 46 in the furnace to prevent deterioration of jetting. can be wider in the first three compartments of the oven

A cam 176 will be laterally displaceable than in the last compartment closest to the one along each lateral end of a flange of the outlet. Further, the diameters of the rollers of the upper beam 160 are supported. A cam follower 177 in special zone 30 of department 29 is considerably smaller. (Fig. 1A) in the form of a lever arm, which is pivoted to a pin 178 carried by 45 A distance of 305 mm is carried in the first three sections of the console 166, is carried by the carriage 163 hung between the centers of the 152 mm thick rollers. On the cam, while the rollers 202 of the last runner 177 opposite side of the pin 178 carries department have a diameter of 76 mm and in the lever arm a vertical rod 179, the lower first part of which is at a distance of 127 mm apart with the end the crossbar 169 is connected. When go and only 89 mm in the zone adjoining the outlet, the cam follower 177 in contact with the cam. Electric radiant heaters 204 are above the conveying

176 comes, it pivots around the pin 178 attached to the lowering valve and further heaters 206 below push the vertical rod 179 and the cross rod of the conveyor rollers to heat the moving glass panes onto a 169, which closes the spray nozzle valves, heating a temperature that is high enough to Schmeldie are normally open when the discs 55 Nockennach- _ze n of the coating composition without deforming the glass runner 177 during the sweep, the carriage and subsequent rapid increase in the release cam 176th The cams 176 are adjustable with respect to the temperature of the glass panes immediately before they leave the furnace for adjustment to suit glasses.

different width and thereby ensure that only one temperature-responsive control element 208

small amount of the spray jet from precipitation 60 is lost on an area of the moving glass sheets in the beyond the ends of the glass sheets. Zone 13 set to display the temperature which

those at the focal point of those responsive to temperature

Surface cleaning station elements reach passing glass panes. the

Movement speed of the conveyor can

The surface cleaning station 65 shown in Figure IB can be adjusted so that the has a pair of brushes 180 which rotate in opposing glass in oven 28 heated to its appropriate temperature and against the lower surface of the will.

Press the glass to remove any coating material. The electric heaters in each of the oven compartments

that are accidentally sprayed on them in the spray booths individually controlled by the temperature. A chimney 182 is below the brushes 70 speaking elements 210 which extend through the furnace walls

I 098 681

9 10

extend and on part of the coils and the fire- tunden, which feeds two parallel branches, of permanent roof of the glass furnace are set, as in which one contains a variable inductance 231, Fig. 6 is shown. The temperature responsive ones are in series with a group of parallel reverse control devices ensure a locally limited stand elements 2C6 is switched. This part of the Coordinating heat control for the individual beam 5 circuit consists of a heating circuit for heating heaters. the upper and lower heating elements of a compartment 29

As the glass passes through the outlet slot 201 of the furnace 28.

it must be brought to its maximum temperature. The circuit also has a control circuit with the This requires additional heat for zone 30, on Wäime-responsive element 210, a relay 222, supplied by additional auxiliary heating coils 212 (Fig. 8) io a direct current source 224 which is used in the form of a tracking, which is shown mounted in the outlet wall 214 of the furnace, but also be a rectifier are. In a small distance from each other lieger.de metal- can, a manually controlled rheostat 226 Lical rear cooling plates 216 are sn the outlet walls and a straightening coil 228.

attached to the stove in order to improve the insulation - the element 210 responsive to Wäime is built,

outlet 2Cl. Tcnblocks are also used for the 15 um to a predetermined temperature level of the

ergr.r.g of the outlet slot 2Cl. Area of the coils and fire-resistant materials.

Excellent results are on the promises it is made to make. If the tempehirdeiurg of the Gleszpringens are achieved by temperature exceeds this level, the control circuit current-heating the conveyor rollers 2C 2 with 50 ^c / ₀ higher energy, lcs. In this case the alternating current passing through the heating elements for the last 40 cm of the furnace ver 20 the heating coils 2C4 and 2C6 is weakest because it is fed along its outlet than the other the choke coil 220 is dimensioned to be one Sections in conjunction with the auxiliary heating coils 212.-Delivers the desired maximum voltage against that of to which the temperature required on the glass surface is heated. 25 Wäime responsive Element210 is set under

As the additional heating shown in Fig. 8 decreases a predetermined amount, a relay pulse becomes 212 mounted in the outlet wall 214 of the furnace switch 222 is actuated, which has the consequence that the controls are, Do you also know from horizontal ledges that are supplied with electricity.

The current flow in the control circuit shifts the heating glass panes through the outlet slot 210 of the oven 30 circuit and reduces the effect of the throttle beds, as shown in FIG. 11. With this last coil 230 on the voltage that the heating circuit The heating element 212 is fed as a result of it being supplied from the source 220. This creates Horizontal horizontal spacing at short intervals an increased voltage across the heating elements 2C4 and Layers placed much closer to the glass than the top 2C6 up to a point where those from the heating elements and lower furnace heating elements 2C0 and 2C6 for control 35 causes the temperature in the tion of the heating of the panes of glass close to the effective area of the EIelass, which responds to Wäime 201. Mentes rises above the desired height. If this

is the case, the relay is disabled, and

Electrical control of the furnace the control circuit is de-energized, whereby the front of the

40 Activation of relay 222 existing state of the

The control circuits for the electrical heating elements 204 heating circuit is restored,

The setting of the variable resistor 226 is determined with regard to their power supply

depending on the tax responsive to heat, the change in the amount of heat that both

elements 210. Elements of this type are commercially available branches of the heating circuit via the resistors 204

available; they have e.g. a mirror, a Theimo 45 and 2C6 after the activation of the control circuits

pillar at the focal point of this mirror and one through is fed as the one through the control circuit

Responding to the thermopile excited circuit. outgoing current given to the heating circuit

The structural details of such devices are determined by imbalance. The relative attitude

not part of the present invention. of the regulating induction coils 231 and 232 determines the

The heat-sensitive element 2C8 is characterized by 5 ° relative temperatures of the upper and lower heating

the roof of zone 30 of the high temperature zone 30 of the elements.

last furnace chamber 29 used and on the upper The arrangement of the control flow area described above of the glass part set so that it has been found suitable for use on those in this circle Zone can address the prevailing temperature. The one with resistance heaters 2C4 and 2C6, which are transverse Element 2C8 has a temperature registration device 55 extending all over the furnace when handling connected, the temperature in the lower and delnding glass panes have the same width. Are common records the upper level of the furnace. in the case of mass production, the sizes of the glass panes of

Element 2C8, responsive to Wäime, is post to post and sometimes from pane to pane a band diffusion filter between the mirror and various. This requires more accurate local control Theimo column provided for filtering through the thermometer 60 of the temperature of the individual compartments 29 of the päuleneneigie only in the infrared waveband, in the heating furnace 28. This is achieved by arrangement the glass is essentially opaque. The Fyro- a number of groups of upper and lower heating meters measures only the emissivity of the glass surface and body in the middle and flanking groups is unaffected by the emanation of the electrical are arranged, with each group by its own Heating elements beyond the glass. 65 temperature-sensitive element in each

Fig. 7 shows the details of a typical flow-controlled individual section of the furnace,

circle to maintain the radiation level of each The boundaries between each group should

Division 29 of the furnace on a predetermined one may differ from furnace section to furnace section,

Level. The circuit includes an AC circuit as shown in Fig. 10 which is a typical arrangement

source 220, which is connected directly to a choke coil 230. Each of the vein furnace sections 29 is provided with left,

11 12

middle and right groups of heaters provided, arranged. The nozzles in row 257 are across

LA, MA and RA for the first section, LB, MB the movement path of the glass aligned as well as the

and RB for the second section, etc. each control nozzles in row 258. The latter row has its

section is represented by a block whose nozzles are offset across the path of movement. Every part

Range is proportional to the range defined by a 5 of the. Glass panes are therefore blown out of local air.

Control circuit is supplied. It should be noted that, before the entire discs have hardened,

the longitudinally extending boundaries that air is drawn through the upper and lower nozzles 254

the areas of the central and flanking heaters are blown for the purpose of cooling the

Separate glass plates moved in adjacent furnace sections to avoid heat cracks

are offset from one another. These dislocations io and the desired partial hardening each

every possibility of the formation of cold plate currents is achieved. It can be close to the glass surfaces

Prevents outside air, which uses water-cooled radiant coolers lying through the entire length

of the furnace extend in vertical planes that will be with; to produce a low degree of hardness in

aligned with such boundaries. The glass plates are preferred, blown air to the

By maintaining three different 15 partial hardnesses to use as they are easier to use

upper and three different lower heating current controls and also faster effect with regard to

circling 29, each of them having independent of that of a partial hardening.

other due to the surface temperature of the various six centrifugal fans have been used for those parts of the roof to which the heat-supplying cooling air for the three upper nozzle-speaking control elements are directed, controlled 20 groups and the three lower nozzle groups, which and adjusting the individual to heat to flank the path of movement of the glass plates. Each Talking elements that blow each heating circuit so can be used to deliver the desired air pressure control that it responds to the same temperature. The air pressure is usually quite is the temperature of the middle section and each low and is flanking with pressure gauges or U-tube water Section of the furnace measured essentially 25 column pressure gauges. For example, was at kept uniform. the movement of 6.35 mm thick glass plates

The number of individually controlled sections can be conveyed along-at a speed of 188 mm /

if necessary, be enlarged to reduce the min. the pressure of the. going through the first group of nozzles

The air fit of the present device is 3 mm WS for the upper nozzles and 3.8 mm WS

Treatment of glass plates of various sizes. to 39 at the lower nozzles, with air through the following

to back up. Meanwhile, the number of control circuits increased nozzle groups with 5.1 and 12.7 mm water column was blown,

The operating costs are disproportionate to that of the conveyor rollers 260 between the top and bottom

achieved improvement. Six heating element groups for the lower blow hoods of the cooling device are included

each furnace section, three upper and three lower, are provided with circumferential grooves 262 to; the movement of the

mostly sufficient. 35 To facilitate forced air from near the glass panes

as well as for more effective cooling of the glass pane. the

Hardening section grooves of the adjacent rollers 260 are related to

the others staggered, making different

The hardening section 32 consists of a number of parts of the sheet of glass which have beneficial effects

upper blowing hoods 250 and a row of lower blowing 4 *> distribution.

hoods 251, which are connected to fans (not shown). The rollers 52 of the discharge conveyor 34 are also connected to the pipes 252 and 253 , respectively. Each blown grooved. This grooving makes rapid cooling of the hood 250 terminating in a series of nozzles 254 made in glass plates while spaced from one another and moved in a chess-pattern, making their handling board-like pattern according to the outfeed conveyor. Movement path 4S is facilitated by the operator, which form the one glass panes on the conveyor. The upper individual decorative panels at the unloading station at and lower nozzles 254 are located directly opposite the end of the discharge conveyor. The grooves are preferably made by wrapping the effects on the moving glass rolls 260 and 52 with asbestos tapes 264 on which washers to achieve equal and opposed to each other. The spaces between the nozzles are out- 5? the glass plates are carried,
sufficient to vent the air after the glass surfaces have been hardened by contact with it. Fry composition

The closest to the outlet opening 201 of the furnace

lying nozzles 254 are provided with ends which are curved in the direction of the glass movement, ie glass-like, in particular silicate coatings on a Venturi effect for straightening the glass from the nozzles 254. They become suspension in an incoming air away from the outlet slot 201 of the oven, the water, diethylene glycol (as a thickener to produce a medium at the outlet end of the oven), sodium nitrite (as a suspending medium) and a relatively high temperature level. Contains trium pyrophosphate (as a dispersant) on-This venturi effect also causes hot air 60 brought up. Smaller amounts of octyl alcohol can be added drawn from the oven 28 through the outlet port 201 to reduce foaming in order to maintain the high temperature of the mixture. Citric acid is another possible one of the glass plates G until exposed to the viscosity reducing additives and the cool air blown onto their surfaces. prevents the vitreous coatings from pores or gaps

The position of the nozzles to one another is best shown in Fig. 8 65 in the coating form, while methyl cellulose is required

and 9 shown. In these drawings the upper ones can be used in order to increase the viscosity of the liquid

and lower nozzles opposite to each other.

arrange shown and blow air on the opposite typical suspensions that are in liquid solvent

Surfaces of the glass pane. The nozzles beyond the dispersed solids are shown in Table I.

Curved nozzles 256 are listed in rows 257, 258 , etc. 70. :

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Table I.

Components part
II II 70 ecm
28 ecm
2.5 ecm
0.1 ecm
0.1 ecm
130 g Permitted area Water -
Methyl alcohol
Diethylene glycol
Sodium nitrite
Sodium pyrophosphate
Solids (coloring frits) 70 ecm
30 ecm
1 ecm
0.2 g
0.1g
200 g 30 to 70 ecm
70 to 27 ecm
2 to 10% volume alcohol
Solid weight 0.09 to 0.12%
Solid weight 0.05 to 0.11%
150 to 250 g

Various colored enamel-like coatings are obtained by grinding the appropriate frits of known type dispersed in a ball mill in the above solvent in a particle size below 0.074 mm mesh size and Placing the particles in a liquid solvent.

At a conveyor speed of 1.4 m / min, coatings with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.1 mm, depending on the type of paint, are applied to produce 162 to 324 g of dry-fired coating per square meter of surface using a group of four spray guns, which are equipped with a speed of 25 reciprocating movements per minute (50 turns over the moving glass plates). The dispersions are applied in an amount of 0.9 kg per minute dry weight of frit, with a pressure of 0.7 to 1.05 kg / cm ² depending on the atmospheric conditions being exerted on the container. On hot, dry days, water must be added to dilute the solution. The dry weight of the applied frit must, however, be kept constant by applying higher pressure to increase the flow rate of the liquid dispersion. The atomization pressure was 2.11 to 3.16 kg / cm ² and varied in direct proportion to the air humidity. The spray guns were mounted 305 mm from the glass plate.

Mixtures for aluminum coatings

When decorative glass plates are coated with a colored pigment, that with an aluminum coating is provided, the base nut can preferably be in the context of the compositions listed in Table II lie.

Table II

Components Parts by weight PbO .. 55 to 65%
15 to 25%
2 to 5%
0 to 6%
5 to 15%
0 to 5% ²⁵ SiO ₂ .. B ₂ O, .. ZrO ₂ .. Well "O .. 30 CdO ..

Coloring pigments: 5 to 20 percent by weight above that above mixture.

The coloring pigments used are cadmium sulfoselenide for red, cadmium sulfide for yellow, and cobalt oxide for blue, chromium oxide and iron oxide for black and titanium dioxide for white.

The composition of the aluminum coatings that

were mounted on the above-described coatings is based on the basis of 100 cm ³ of the liquid binder set forth in Table III.

Table III

Composition ClDIE

Liquid solvent (cm ³ )

Distilled water

Wetting agent (non-ionic, consisting of a poly-

ethylene sorbitan monolaurate)

Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether

Butyl alcohol

Methyl alcohol

Normal propyl alcohol

Total liquid solvent

Solid solvent (grams)

A silicone resin emulsion in water with 25% silicone content (GE No. 81 529 - 25% solids)

Sodium pyrophosphate (Na ₄ P ₃ 07 · 10 H ₂ O)

Aluminum powder

Cryolite

Bentonite

Boric acid

Na ₂ SiO ₃ · 9 H ₂ O

89
1.0

10

100

87.5
1.5

11

85

100 100

1.0

3
8th

86

1.0

4 9

75

10 15

100 100 100 100

7th 7th 7th 7th 7th 7th 0.04 0.04 - - - 0.1 11 11 12.5 12.5 12.5 10 - - - - 0.8 - -. 1.2 - - - - - 0.3

Claims (15)

15 16 Sodium pyrophosphate (as a buffered alkaline salt) Typical economic operation
was used to disperse the pigment as well also for balancing the pH of the emulsion in the case of an operating process for the production of a medium composition A. It can be omitted, blue aluminized composition were three if instead of propyl alcohol wholly or partly methyl spray guns 5 18 cm apart for alcohol is used. bring fries mixes used and a single The wetting agent forms in the water-alcohol-solution spray gun 25 cm beyond the last frit spray gun means of the composition A a colloid, whereby the used for spraying aluminum mixtures. Stability of the emulsion can be increased. This too The spray guns made 26 turns per minute has been omitted if methanol partially io the glass plates. The oven conveyor was set to was replaced by fropanol. The shelf life of the conveyance of 6.35 mm thick panels through the Compositions without wetting agents is higher than the spray booth with a speed of 114 cm the with the same. Minute. The spray guns were on a 38 1 The aluminum particles are attached in the form of small pressure vessels containing the dispersion. Scroll supplied. The buoyancy of the 15 The container pressure was 0.14 kg / cm ³ ; the pressure of the air-sprayed mixture is improved if between 1.9 and 2.11 kg / cm ^{3 of} alcohols propanol is used instead of other atomizer guns. But it can also be set. The amount of feed of the aluminum other alcohols used in mixtures, the mixture was 160 cm ³ per minute. The openings contain heavier alcohols such as glycerine, glycol, etc. Spray guns placed 30 cm away from the sprayed butyl alcohol improved sheet formation and gave 20 plate and formed a frond about 20 cm wide, smoother coatings. on the sprayed area. Other silicones can be used as binders to adhere to. The heating elements in the various zones of the furnace of the aluminum powder and other aluminum particles were adjusted to use those thermally responsive to the glass. On the other hand, controls 120 from temperatures of 638 and 654, respectively, dries an emulsified resin, e.g. B. a silicone resin emulsion 25 677 and 704 ⁰ C addressed. The highest temperatures with 25 ° / ₀ silicone content, resulting in a non-sticky film. for the glass plates were kept at 663 and 671 ° C. This property is advantageous on the production line, the heated and coated panels were air pressure because a non-sticky film can be easily brushed off by 0.3 cm of water from the upper nozzles and air can, if too much gunning material hit the lower surface, the pressure of 0.38 cm of water glass has been sprayed from the lower nozzles, and removed 30 exposed at the first nozzles. Subsequent nozzle groups delivered blown air at pressures of 1.27 cm The amount of resin that can be used is head up and down. The last restricts. Too much silicone resin causes cracks in the over- Cooling nozzle groups blew air with pressures of 1.27 cm. The weather resistance of the coating, on the other hand, is water column up and down,
increased by increased concentration of silicone. In the typical mass-produced silicone alkyl resin described above, such as a silicone-alkyd mixture, the glass temperature was gradually reduced to its polymeric, dissolved in xylene, with a solids content, the temperature range through the entire thickness of the glass plates made of 25% silicone and 25% alkyd resin is increased through it. The temperature of the glass surface was less likely to crack the aluminum - high enough to melt the frit, but not as high as a silicone resin; so there can be 40 enough to soften the plates. Nearly large amounts of it can be used at section 30 without the outlet of furnace 28 causing sudden heat cracking to occur. wave a sharp temperature gradient through the whole The aluminum powder used should have such a thickness as the glass plate, a condition that is necessary to achieve a Particle size that is less than 0.5% of the desired hardening within the glass as well not a momentary softening of the glass surface to go through a sieve with 0.149 mm clear mesh size 45, while 92% through a sieve with 0.044 mm light relief of the melting of the coating mixture Go mesh size. Fine varieties of Fulver do not heat them up. It is extremely important that the panels are immediately after so well cooled at the temperatures used for burning, the impact of the sudden heat wave even if they are put on a smoother, damp coating and that the dwell time of this wave is as short as be injected. Finer particles tend but more to 50 is possible and does not exceed 20 to 30 seconds, Oxidize and create a burnt out and coked thing of the intensity of the additional heat and the Appearance of the surface. A mixture depends on the particle temperature of the glass, which is in the intense sizes has been used to make the advantageous heated section 30 enters. Results of each of the different particle sizes of a The tempering hardening of the plates, measured in com- To achieve mixture. 55 pressure on the surfaces, was 315 to 392 millimy A slightly longer burn guide is required for each centimeter. Smoother aluminum surfaces will burn in the enamel-like coating, if one aims when the aluminum mixture is sprayed on as soon as possible, aluminum composition is also sprayed over the damp enamel-like coating, to compensate for the reflective properties. The coatings are smoother and tougher if they are not too Aluminum. This is achieved by 60 are thick. The best coatings are produced when slowing down the conveyor speed. Furthermore, 4.7 g of aluminum powder can be used to break down the glass panes using a method
the aspects described above with aluminum are covered by omitting the application of claims.
a colored, enamel-like coating or by 65 1. Process for mass production with vitreous replacement of the same by a colorless or transparent coating provided with glass panes, thereby lower layer. Each of the above-mentioned emails indicates that a number of flat-like coatings, in which the colored constituent glass panes with their undersides are left out in immediate parts, can serve as a replacement coating for this contact on a forward movement of the glass type. 70 disk serving conveyor moves and one after the other a liquid dispersion of a finely divided coating mass on the top of the glass panes brings the so coated moving glass panes gradually to elevated temperatures heated, which are sufficient to apply the entire thickness of the glass panes to the annealing hardening area of the glass to bring and to volatilize the carrier liquid of the coating mass and this mass on the top to melt the panes of glass, which are not so high that the panes of glass become soft, that one continues to heat the glass panes for a short time and then immediately cools it down as quickly as it does is required to harden the panes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a coating composition consisting of a liquid dispersion of a finely divided glass-like, in particular silicate, frit. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a liquid dispersion of a metal powder placed on the glass panes covered with the liquid dispersion of enamel-like coating will. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a finely divided metal powder as a coating material. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a clear frit is applied before the metal powder is applied. 6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized by the use of aluminum as Metal. 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that about inadvertent contact Removed coating material coming with the lower surface of the moving glass sheets before the coated panes are exposed to higher temperatures. 8. The method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the coating mass by spraying is applied. 9. Device for the production of coated flat glass panes, such as decorative panels, consisting of horizontally arranged conveying means (12, 16, 24, 46, 202, 260), which extend lengthwise extend for the transport of flat glass sheets, these means of transport one after the other Go through washing station (14); a drying station (115), a spraying station (20, 22) with spray guns, which are arranged above the conveying means for applying a coating mixture to the top from flat panes of glass; a tunnel furnace (28) having an inlet (200), an outlet (201), temperature control means (208, 210) to control the heating mode throughout the furnace, and a zone immediately before the outlet (to 212) for loading acceleration of the heating process, and a hardening station (32) with upper and lower cooling elements (250, 251) that are on opposite sides of the horizontal conveyors beyond the mentioned outlet (201) are arranged certain horizontal support plane. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized by a surface cleaning station for removal all coating material from the underside of the glass panes with a rotatable brush (174), extending across the head end of an inverted vacuum suction device (172), wherein this brush is arranged so that its bristles brush against the underside of the glass panes that the be moved along the horizontal conveyor. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that the horizontal conveying means consists of a cable conveyor section (16) for the horizontal conveyor, which is spaced from each other contains lying, glass-bearing cables (62) and vertically adjustable tables (18, 24) on which reversely arranged rollers (150) sit on the spaces between the cables below the glass-bearing Cables are aligned, these tables are movable in the vertical, so that the rollers Can be lifted above the supporting plane by the glass-bearing cables for lateral movement of the glass panes are determined relative to the cable conveyor, and pressed under the supporting plane so that they do not interfere with the normal longitudinal movement of the glass panes along the cable conveyor. 12. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 11, characterized in that the furnace has a plurality of individual sections (29) has central and flanking heating elements (204, 206) for each section, where laterally offset the boundaries between the adjacent heating elements in adjacent sections are arranged to each other. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that for each heating element in each Section a temperature controlling element (210) is present. 14. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 13, characterized in that the furnace has an outlet wall (214) with an outlet slot (201) and auxiliary heater (212), which are arranged immediately in front of the outlet slot and flank it above and below. 15. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 14, characterized in that the passing through the furnace Part (46) of the conveyor is a roller conveyor with relatively large rollers that are used in relatively cold regions of the Oven are relatively far apart, and with subsequent relatively small roles (202), which in a relatively hot region near the outlet are closer to each other. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 109 508/174 1.61