DE1094560B - Process for the production of a cellulose-containing casing for sausage and meat products - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the manufacture of a Cellulose-containing casing for sausage products, in particular for sausages, which can be obtained by filling in a sausage mixture in an envelope and further processing this filled product, e.g. B. smoking or cooking, fabricated, after removing the casing, the sausage is cut into slices and packaged.

Pre-cut sausages such as "Bologna", a salami-like type known from Italy, are popular among consumers Sausage, which is sold in the form of relatively small, conveniently packaged potions, has met with great approval. Each pack contains, for example, about 115g sausage or one certain number of cuts. However, there is strong demand for sausage products packaged in this way led to a number of packaging difficulties. So it is z. B. when packing a certain Number of cuts of a sausage in a 230 g pack is essential for the "pretreatment" This sausage is such that you get density, diameter and other properties as well as the appearance of the sausage Sausage can carefully control.

The reason for this is that the cutting is done by machine and that it is done for a quick Packaging is absolutely essential to keep the dimensional deviations of the sausage as low as possible. A very frequently used material for sausage casings are the fibrous casings. They usually exist made of cellulosic fibers containing regenerated cellulose. A major disadvantage of such fibrous Casing, but also other types of casings, consists in that the sausage mass likes to be on the inside sticks.

It is known that the sausage skin - before it was filled with the sausage mixture - on the inside with To treat glues, gelatin or any greasy or waxy material. This measure but brought only a slight improvement, as the meat still clings too tightly to the casing. In addition, some of the known substances may even have been or may have been toxic the meat product or its coating has an undesirable smell, taste or Color granted. Furthermore, the use of wax or wax-like substances has on the permeability of the Shell for moisture, steam, smoke, dyes, etc. have an unfavorable influence. Also the use of compounds that are able to attach OH groups to the cellulose molecules of the sausage skin, is known; However, as will be shown below, even these measures did not lead to the desired result Success.

Because of the sticking to the sausage skin, significant losses of food occur, since z. B. the method of production withdrawn from a »Bologna« before cutting
a cellulose-containing casing
for sausage and meat products

Applicant:
Tee-Pak, Inc., Chicago, 111. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr.-Ing. F. Wuesthoff, Dipl.-Ing. G. Pulse

and Dipl.-Chem. Dr. rer. nat. E. Frhr. v. Bad luck man,

Patent Attorneys, Munich 9, Schweigerstr. 2

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America 11 February 1957

and January 24, 1958

John William Firth, Chicago, 111. (V. St. Α.),
has been named as the inventor

Sausage skin contains a substantial proportion of the sausage mass and is thrown away with the sausage skin as waste will. Another disadvantage is that the surface of the peeled sausage is torn, if the sausage gets stuck on the casing. It is then often necessary to add this sausage to the sausage mass to return and to process again, which causes additional costs and also to one inferior end product. It has now been shown that these disadvantages in the manufacture of a cellulose-containing casing for sausage and meat products by impregnation with chemical compounds, which contain groups attaching to the O Η groups of the cellulose are switched off. According to the invention For this purpose, at least the surfaces of the casing that come into contact with the sausage content graze, treated with a dimeric organic ketene. If the envelope is produced in that If you shape foils into tubes, you bring the surface of the foil that will be the inside of the sausage skin should, with this substance or an aqueous emulsion in contact, which is a dimer of a contains higher ketene. This keren can e.g. B. 6 to 20 carbon atoms and to the ^ C = C = O group Contain bonded hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals. Preference is given to products that are normal Temperatures are fixed. Such compounds are e.g. B. in U.S. Patent 2,762,270. Examples are dimeric hexyl ketene, dimeric decyl ketene, dimeric hexadecyl ketene,

009 677/284

dimeric dodecyl ketene, dimeric tetradecyl ketene, dimeric octadecyl ketene, dimers of mixtures of ketenes, which can be obtained from fats, oils, etc., as well as dimers of monomeric monoalkyl and monoaryl ketenes, dialkyl ketenes, diaryl ketenes, aryl alkyl ketene cyclic ketene, etc., including mono- and dialyne cyclics z. B. phenyl ketene, dioctyl ketene, decyl phenyl ketene and cyclohexyl ketene and their dimers. A commercial product of the aforementioned type contains dimeric alkyl ketenes to which a small amount of a water-miscible emulsifying agent has been added. It is commercially available as a fluffy, solid white mass with an alleged molecular weight of about 530, a melting point of 43 ° C and a bulk density of about 0.4 g / cm ³ ; it contains about 17 carbon atoms in the monomeric ketene. The compound is made from saturated higher fatty acids. It is referred to as Keten A in the following.

When used, the dimeric ketene is preferably applied as an aqueous emulsion to the sausage contacting surface of the sausage or on the film material from which this casing is made should, applied. Bring about 0.01 to 0.2% of the dimeric ketene, calculated on the weight of the Shell, on. Larger or smaller amounts generally do not increase the effectiveness of the treatment essential. After the coating has been applied, the envelope is heated to remove the water and around it to accelerate the reaction between the coating and the surface of the casing. The drying is to be considered sufficient if the moisture content of the casing is reduced to 10%, preferably to 5% is.

The coating of the dimeric ketene can be applied to the surface of the shell in any desired manner will. For the wetting of the inside, a technique has proven itself in which you get a "Bubble" of an aqueous solution, emulsion or suspension of the dimeric ketene served. Moved the tube, while the liquid bubble remains immobile; thereby the surfaces of the The hose around them. The wetted areas are dried after passing through the bladder.

This method is explained in more detail in the drawings.

According to Fig. 1, a casing 1 made of wet fiber material or of regenerated cellulose in a collapsed flat shape of a bath (not shown here) in which the shell after being covered with viscose impregnated, regenerated and then washed, or in the case of casings made from regenerated Cellulose after its regeneration (the processes for the production of such fiber casings or such methods of regenerated cellulose are known per se) into a loop container 3 over the driver rollers 2 introduced. An aqueous emulsion is formed between the rollers 2 and the loop container 3 with a content of 0.01 to 1.0%, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% ketene A and about 0.5% Sodium bicarbonate is brought into the casing 1. The emulsion is through a slot 5 in the envelope filled in before the "rubber couplers" 6 have been attached to shell 1. You can make the emulsion by heating water to about 60 ° C, at least above the melting temperature of the dimeric organic ketene, which is then added with stirring. The water temperature will then be up below of the melting point of the dimeric ketene, namely to about 35 to 40 ° C, and then about 0.5% sodium bicarbonate based on the total weight of water plus dimeric ketene was added.

The bubble 4 of the emulsion lies at the bottom of the loop container 3. To the extent that the casing 1 moved further, the interior of the envelope 1 progressively comes into contact with the bladder 4 and is forced to to expand to the shape of the bladder 4. The

Ao shell 1 then continues over the rollers 7, which are in a drying atmosphere, with air holds in shell 1 to control the shape. The casing 1 then runs between the roller 8 and the disk 9 a drying device 11 (not shown) where they

As at a temperature of about 93 ° C about more 5 minutes to complete the reaction of the ketene with the material of the shell.

Instead of sodium bicarbonate, the amount of which is not decisive, you can also use alkaline substances to obtain a dried casing that is neutral or slightly alkaline. Any alkaline substances, with which one of the emulsion of ketene dimer can bring about 7.7 to 8.0 the _pH value, are usable. These p _H values, the reaction between ketene dimer and shell works best on.

A wet shell made of regenerated cellulose, as it comes directly from the production, can, for. As a result of the residual acid have a _pH value of 6.8 to 7.2. Together with the _pH value of the solution of the dimeric ketene 7.8 to 8.0 is obtained after drying for the sheath, a _pH value of about 7.6 to 8.2.

The drying time and temperature should be chosen in such a way that the casing is weakened, discolored, Fragility, etc. is not damaged. A temperature of about 80 ° C has proven to be useful proven.

example 1

Casings of various dimensions were coated on their inside using the application technique described above. The liquid In addition to sodium bicarbonate, it contained various amounts of ket ^ ti A, monoglyceride stearate and one edible acetylated monoglyceride compound. The last two substances mentioned are in the hereinafter referred to as MGS or AMG.

Table 1

Manufactured
Uppers

kg

Used
Emulsions

Used
Solid matter

mg of solid
per dm ² shell

Solid
Vo

Fibrous casing, size 5 [casing weight 7.05 mg / dm ² ]

A. 3% MGS

B. 2% AMG
1% MGS

C. 0.5% ketene A

9.16 800 10.43 800 9.98 600

24.0 2.39 0.2617 16.0 1.40 0.1532 8.0 0.71 0.0766 3.0 0.27 0.0300

1 094 5tJ0

Table 1 (continued)

Manufactured coatings used

Emulsions

cm ³

Used
Solid matter

mg of solid per dm ^{2 of} envelope

Solid o / o

A. 3 Vo MGS

B. 2% AMG

MGS

Fibrous casing, size 6 [casing weight 8.65 mg / dm ² ] 19.68 2000 60.0

C. l / »KetenA

18.14
19.77

2000
1500

40.0
20.0

15.0

A. 3% MGS

2% AMG
1% MGS

Fibrous casing, size 7 [casing weight 9.72 mg / dm ² ] 12.20 1900 57.0

C. 0.5% Keren A

16.60 15.60 2230
1700

44.6
22.3

8.5

2.84

2.05 1.02

0.71

3.23

2.54 1.27

0.52

0.304

0.222 0.1107

0.0758

0.340

0.2684 0.1342

0.05507

The casings described in Table 1 were filled in and treated further, correspondingly the sausage mass "Luncheon Loaf", "Cotto" and "Bologna" received.

The effect of the coatings was assessed using comparative figures on the removability; the adhesion of the sausage casing to the finished sausage wrapped by it was measured using a "Model-Ser.-No.325-Dillon" testing apparatus. The following numbers in Table 2 indicate, in grams, the force required to pull a strip of casing 1.27 cm wide from the surface of the finished sausage.

Tabel 2 A. Bologna Spicy luncheon loaf B. Size no.5
G Size no.5
G C. 226 A. 340 to 454 D. 226 B. 227 to 340 Obis 56.7 * C. Obis 56.7 * - D. 454 Bologna Cotto A. Size no.7 Size no.7 B. G G C. 113 to 226 A. 56.7 113 to 226 B. 113.4 113 * (cover with C. Obis 56.7 * D. processing cracked) - D. 113 to 226 Bologna Bologna A. Size no.7 Size no.6 B. G G C. 113 to 226 A. 113.4 D. 113 B. 113.4 Obis 56.7 * C. Obis 56.7 ** 113 to 226 D. 113 to 226 Bologna Bologna A. Size no.7 Size no.6 B. S. G C. 56.7 to 113.4 A. 56.7 to 113.4 D. 113.4 B. 56.7 to 113.4 0 to 56.7 * C. 0 to 56.7 ** 113.4 D. 113.4

In the table according to A, B and C with the covers from Table 1 identified in the same way; D was a standard sheath made of fiber material.

In the tests with sausage C, the edges of the casing curled up as soon as the slits were made would have. It was then possible to easily peel off the casing without sausage sticking to it. this was not possible with any of the other products tested.

To the peelability of sausage skins as well as the appearance of sausages in sausage skins that are with Diketene, stearyl isocyanate and stearylethyleneimine were treated to compare the following experiments carried out:

Test series I

Sausage skins made from the usual regenerated cellulose and fibrous sausage casings, filled with bologna sausage

Upholstery

2% diketene

1% diketene

0.5% diketene

2% stearyl isocyanate ...
1% stearyl isocyanate ...
0.5% stearyl isocyanate.
2% stearylethyleneimine.
1% stearylethyleneimine.
0.5% stearylethyleneimine
No coating agent

"Degreasing" at nothing Sausage skins nothing from usual fibrous nothing regenerated cellulose nothing little strong nothing strong nothing nothing strong nothing strong nothing strong nothing nothing nothing nothing nothing

The expression "greasing out" means the unwanted accumulation of fat in some areas of the Sausage surface.

Test series II Fibrous sausage skins, filled with Bologna sausage

* 0.5% solution of Keren A.
** 1.0% solution of the ketene A.

Coating agents Tear
strength
g / 12.7 mm
Stripes Dillon experiment
g / 25.4 mm
Stripes 0.5 per cent. Diketene
1% stearyl isocyanate
1% stearylethyleneimine ....
Control attempt
70 (no coating agent) 34
45.3
68
45.3 34
45.3
58
45.3

Test series III

Fibrous sausage casing, processed in the laboratory, filled with bologna sausage

Coating agents Tensile strength
g / 12.7 mm strips Dillon trial
"Degreasing" 0.5% diketene no reading little 1% stearyl isocyanate no reading strong 1% stearyl ethylene imin 90.6 (sausage stayed nothing hang) Control attempt 90.6 (sausage remained nothing (no coating hang) middle)

Coating agents 22.7 Tensile strength
g / l 2.7 mm strips 0.5% diketene to 34 1% stearyl isocyanate ¹ ) .. 45.3 Sausage got stuck 1% stearyl isocyanate ² ) .. 45.3 1% stearyl isocyanate ³ ) .. 1% stearyl isocyanate ⁴ ) .. 45.3 Sausage got stuck Control attempt (0.1) Sausage stayed (no coating agent) hang

A. Peelability

IO

Test series IV

Fibrous sausage casing, processed in the laboratory,

filled with bologna sausage _ao

*) Upper layer of a preparation of stearyl isocyanate, which with

distilled ^ water was mixed, decanted off.
² ) The same preparation as for *) using

Tap water.
^s ) The preparation is weighed after stirring, then with distilled "

^ Ä ^ sser mixed.
⁴ ) Fresh stearyl isocyanate preparation, weighed after stirring,

then mixed with distilled water.
The coating agents used in the tests were:
Diketene A, stearyl isocyanate (octadecyl isocyanate), stearylethyleneimine (monomer).

The above tests showed the following unexpected results:

45

The peeling of the sausage skin treated with diketene was uniformly good; minimal "greasing out". The peeling of the stearyl isocyanate treated sausage skin was less uniform, and in some Cases required 50% more effort (test series II and IV) than the one treated with diketene Sausage skin. The peeling of the stearylethyleneimine monomer treated sausage skins was generally inferior to the sausage skins treated with stearyl isocyanate and significantly worse compared to the sausage skins treated with diketes. In two separately examined cases 100% more effort was required to remove sausage skins treated with stearylethyleneimine than with the sausage skins treated with diketes (test series II and III).

B. Appearance

In no case did the meat stick to the surface of the diketene treated sausage casings. In In test series III, the meat adhered to the surface of the sausage casing treated with stearylethyleneimine. In test series IV, the meat adhered to the surface of two sausage casings that were made with stearyl isocyanate were treated.

The accumulation of fat, which occurs particularly during smoking, does not allow the smoke to enter so easily Penetrate meat. In these places the sausage is quite pale compared to the places that are caused by normal Ingress of smoke were treated. This, in turn, is a serious disadvantage with the Sausage casings treated with stearyl isocyanate stood out more than any of the other sausage casings. The sausage casings treated with stearyl isocyanate had a pronounced appearance Tendency to "grease out" (cf. test series I and III). There was only a slight "degreasing" in observed a sausage casing in test series I and a fibrous sausage casing in test series III, in which diketene was used as a coating agent. Another application technique for a dimer Keten on the inside of a shell consists in that you put the Ketenüberzug on the inside of a applies fibrous shell, which was produced by known methods. Such a fibrous shell is made by putting a strip of paper around a mandrel to form a tube forms. The viscose is then placed on the outer surface of this paper tube and also between its overlapping parts and thus receives a seam. Now pull this hose downwards an acidic coagulation bath, in which the viscose is regenerated, washes and dries then this hose after the z. Described in U.S. Patents 1,937,225 and 2,045,349 Procedure.

Referring to Fig. 2, a strip of paper 11 of the type described in U.S. Patent 2,045,349 runs is, preferably made of long-fiber hemp paper (weight: 5.670kg / ream), from roll 12 over the Rollers 13 and 14 and around the formers 15 and 16, which bring the paper into a tube shape, finally downwards over the mandrel 17, which is a steel tube with an outer diameter of about 50.8 to It can be 177.8 mm, can be any length, conveniently about 9.144 m Double I-beam 18 suspended. The paper 11, now in In the form of a hose, it continues downwards via the mandrel 17 through a shaped ring 19 made of metal an inside diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the paper tube that runs through it. The purpose of this ring is to keep the paper in a tubular shape until it reaches the Reached hollow nozzle ring 21, which has an annular opening 22. Viscose, which is under overpressure in the chamber of the nozzle ring 21, on the outer surfaces of the downward applied moving paper tube, so that a uniform coating of viscose is formed there. A Guide body 33, which is pressed onto the mandrel 17, has the task of a more even distribution to achieve the viscose supplied through the opening 22.

A number of sliding rings 22 a can be pressed onto the mandrel 17 at a distance of about 91.4 cm be; they serve to prevent the inner wall of the viscose-impregnated paper tube from rubbing against the outer wall of mandrel 17 as the hose moves downward.

As the downward movement continues, the viscose-impregnated paper tube enters a coagulation bath 23 containing 5% sulfuric acid contained in a vessel 24. As soon as the hose comes into contact with the acid, the conversion of the viscose to regenerated cellulose begins.

This regeneration continues as the hose moves around roller 25 and above and below strippers 26 and 21, roller 28, and then through the wash baths and drying tunnels, not shown, described in U.S. Patent 1,937,225.

The acid for bath 23 is supplied through pipe 29. Acidity of the same type and concentration is inserted through the inside of the mandrel 17 through a tube 31; the used acid is through Tube 32 withdrawn, at a rate that corresponds to the amount of acid supplied. the Sheath descends at a speed of about 6 m / min and remains for about 50 seconds with the bath 23 in contact.

The dimeric ketene is introduced and applied to the inside of the shell as described above wants, along with the acid at 31 too. The ketene A is preferably used in one Concentration from about 0.1 to 1.0%, calculated on the acid solution.

The dimeric ketene can also be applied to the surface of cellulosic webs before they be formed into hoses. So z. B. webs of cellulose-impregnated, fibrous material be treated in such a way that the dimeric ketene from a solution or suspension is applied to its surface or emulsion applies in a sufficient for the even coating of the surface Lot. After this treatment, the web can be deformed into a tube by methods known per se will. Such a coating method is particularly applicable to hoses that are after a Processes are made in which the dimeric ketene coating is applied to the web after it had been impregnated with cellulose. The covering material can conveniently be placed in a bath that the web goes through before it is dried. You can of course also apply the coating, after the web has been washed and dried. The procedure is easy to carry out and can very easily be adapted to the production of fibrous coverings, which is known per se. With the method according to the invention increases the permeability of the casings for water vapor, smoke and dyes etc. not adversely affected.

Claims (5)

Patent claims: 1. A process for the production of a cellulose-containing casing for sausage and meat products with impregnation with chemical compounds which contain groups attaching to the OH group of the cellulose, characterized in that at least the surfaces of the casing which come into contact with the contents, treated with a dimeric organic ketene. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that about 0.01 is used for the impregnation up to 0.2% ketene, calculated on the weight of the shell, is used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one is a dimeric organic Ketene is used, which has at least 6 carbon atoms and in which only hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon radicals are bonded to the ^ C = C = O group. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that there is a dimeric higher Alkyl ketene with 6 to 20 carbon atoms used, which has a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or contains two alkyl groups bonded to the ketene group H = C = C = O. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the dimeric organic Applying ketene in the form of an aqueous suspension to the shell. Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 609 129, 649 983,
194. 1 sheet of drawings © 009 677/284 11.60