DE1071421B - Combustion chamber for gas turbines or rocket motors - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

421

REGISTRATION DAY:

A 28269 Ia / 46g

NOVEMBER 8, 1957

NOTICE

DE-REGISTRATION '■■ »'

AND ISSUE OF THE

EDITORIAL: DECEMBER 17, 1959

The invention relates to a combustion chamber with liquid fuel and an oxygen carrier is operated, feeds a gas turbine or a rocket motor and with a container for the oxygen carrier is provided, the inner wall of which is concave towards a combustion chamber.

In such combustion chambers it is necessary to intimately connect the two fuel components to mix in order to achieve perfect and even combustion. You also need to take precautions be taken to keep the combustion stable and to cool the combustion chamber wall.

Numerous devices are already known with which an intimate mixing of oxygen carriers and fuel is to be achieved. One known device is at the upstream end the combustion chamber is provided with a structure which forms a gap with the combustion chamber wall one part of the oxygen carrier enters radially inward, and that in the middle another circular ring Has gap through which a further part of the oxygen carrier exits radially to the outside. Of the liquid fuel is injected once into the annular gap in the middle and on the other hand, fed directly into the combustion chamber. In this known combustion chamber, the two partial flows are of; Oxygen carrier directed against each other, so that they deflect each other towards the outlet. the end for this reason, particularly good stability is not to be expected. In addition, since the partial flow entering from the outside, which is deflected by the inner partial flow towards the combustion chamber wall, only very imperfectly is supplied with the liquid fuel supplied in the middle of the combustion chamber is also the Mixing of fuel and oxygen carrier only unsatisfactory.

In other known combustion chambers, fuel and oxygen carriers through annular gaps in the center of the upstream end of the Combustion chamber fed. The two components are mixed and supported by an annular body or a bell-shaped baffle deflected towards the center of the combustion chamber.

In another known embodiment, the liquid fuel and the oxygen carrier are shown in FIG upstream direction in several on upstream located end of the combustion chamber arranged recesses injected into which the mixture takes place and the combustion is initiated.

The aim of the invention is to create a combustion chamber in which particularly good mixing is achieved of oxygen carriers and liquid fuel and good combustion stability is achieved.

According to the invention, this object is thereby achieved in the "combustor" for gas turbines
or rocket motors

Applicant:

Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd.,
Coventry, Warwickshire (UK)

Representative: Dr. W. Müller-Bore, patent attorney,
Braunschweig, Am Bürgerpark 8

Claimed priority:
Great Britain 9 November 1956

Sidney Allen, Coventry, Warwickshire

(Great Britain),
has been named as the inventor

is sufficient that the concave, inner wall of the container for the oxygen carrier is curved in the transverse direction, overlapping, annular metal sheets is formed, through the radially outwardly directed outlets are defined, the-in radial Direction from the combustion chamber wall and through which the oxygen carrier in the combustion chamber is introduced, wherein the sheets overlap each other in such a way that the oxygen carrier in Form of a radially outwardly and then inwardly and backward swirling circular ring is supplied, and that further inlets are provided for the fuel, which in the combustion chamber in the radial direction outside lie so that the fuel is supplied from the outside inwards to the said circular ring.

It is known per se, the concave inner, the upstream end wall of gas turbine combustors forming wall of curved, overlapping, circular ring-shaped in the transverse direction To form sheets that define the radially outwardly directed outlets, which in the radial direction of are removed from the combustion chamber wall. Combustion air is fed through these outlets, which passes through the overlapping of the sheets inside the combustion chamber performs a circular movement. However, at this version of the fuel is supplied in the combustion chamber axis, so that the mixing of fuel and combustion air is only imperfect. The use of this type of Brerin chamber

. . 909689/181

Endwanduiig on the other well-known: versions does not improve the mixing, since the fuel supply either takes place in the axis of the vortex or just brush against it.

In the embodiment according to the invention, in which the inlets for the fuel in the combustion chamber in radial Facing outwards, the fuel is supplied from the outside to the inside through the circular ring, so that an intimate mixing takes place. The circular vortex causes the good flame stability.

The sheet metal which is furthest outward in the radial direction preferably has the outer wall the combustion chamber a distance so that a further space is formed through which the Oxygen carrier is supplied from the container from the combustion chamber so that a desirable one Cooling of the combustion chamber wall is achieved.

The inner wall of the container for the oxygen carrier can either be at the upstream end of the combustion chamber, or it may be circularly arranged around the outlet at the downstream end be. In the latter case and when a liquid is used as the oxygen carrier, the Arrangement be made so that part of the oxygen carrier through a to an outlet nozzle for the hot gases, which adjoins the mentioned outlet, passes around Hegende casing while the remainder of the oxidizer is supplied through a jacket surrounding the combustion chamber is before the entire oxygen carrier is fed to the container either in liquid or gaseous form.

If the latter arrangement is modified, all of the liquid oxygen carrier becomes "initially fed through a jacket around the combustion chamber, and the liquid Fuel is injected into nozzles through a jacket around the outlet nozzle for the hot gases fed to the wall of the combustion chamber, from which fuel jets in the vortex of the oxygen carrier be judged.

The invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, the four different embodiments of rocket motors shows, for example, and is illustrated in more detail below with reference to FIG Drawing, explained. 4-5

Fig. 1 shows an axial section through an embodiment in which the container for the oxygen carrier is arranged at the upstream end of the combustion chamber and in which the supply of the oxygen carrier (in the form of concentrated hydrogen peroxide) and the liquid fuel occurs at that end of the engine.

Fig. 2 shows an axial section through one half of an embodiment in which the container for the Oxygen carrier ■ circularly around the upstream end of an outlet nozzle for the hot gases, which adjoins the downstream end of the combustion chamber, is arranged around and at the one Part of the concentrated hydrogen peroxide to the downstream end of one located around the nozzle Sheath is fed.

FIG. 3 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 2, but instead of a part of the concentrated one Hydrogen peroxide the liquid fuel is supplied to the downstream end of the nozzle.

Fig. 4 shows a modification of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, in which the container for the Oxygen carriers at the downstream end of the combustion chamber and around the upstream end of the nozzle is arranged around.

.. According to Fig. 1, the upstream part contains of the rocket motor a tubular housing 11, which is provided with a cover plate 12, the upstream The end is held in place by a number of screws 13 (only one of which is shown). the Combustion chamber and the outlet nozzle for the hot gases are through adjacent tubes 14, 15 formed, which are held together by means not shown. The touching sides of the tubes are flattened, the width and depth of the tubes change with the diameter of the motor different points in the longitudinal direction such that the tubes are sealingly against one another.

The downstream ends of these tubes are connected to the interior of an annular manifold 16 in connection, while the upstream ends of the tubes 15 connected to the tubes 14 alternate, pass through bores in the tubular housing 11 so that they are with a the inside of the cover plate 12 located space in communication. The upstream In contrast, the ends of the tubes 14 engage in blind holes in the housing 11, but have lateral openings 17 provided, which are mit'öffnungen 18 in the housing in a row and a connection with the interior produce an external annular manifold 19.

The circumference 21 of a component rests against an inner flange 20 of the housing, which component has spokes 22 which are connected to one another by arcuate ribs 23 and which have a hollow hub 24 are firmly connected, which protrudes through a hole located in the middle of the cover plate 12. The spokes are arranged at a slight cone angle; a stack of catalyst elements 25 (the one for better illustration is shown on a greatly enlarged scale) is through a perforated conical plate 26 on the the inner hub 27 of the cover plate 12 rests, pressed onto the spokes. Between the cover plate and a seal 28 is provided in the housing 11 and in the hole in the center of the plate 12 a further seal is arranged so that these points are sealed against the entry of a medium.

A supply line 30 for concentrated hydrogen peroxide is in connection with the manifold 19. The hydrogen peroxide passes through the Openings 18 and 17 into the tubes 14 and flows to the manifold located at the downstream end 16, from where it flows back through the tubes 15 and into the space between the cover plate 12 and the conical plate 26 enters. The concentrated hydrogen peroxide then flows through the holes the plate 26 and the elements 25, is decomposed here and emerges between the spokes 22 and ribs 23.

Liquid fuel is delivered to the upstream end of the bore 32 of the hub 24 and enters a pipe 33 through a side opening, from which it forms an annular manifold

34 is supplied.

The upstream end of the combustion chamber is spherical shell-shaped and circular ring-shaped, at a distance metal sheets 35, 36 and 37 lying apart from one another and a central arched disk 38 are provided. The plate 35 is attached to fuel nozzles 39 which pass from the manifold 34 through the plate. The plates 36 and 37 are supported by corresponding support plates 40 which have flanges41, which are firmly connected to the spokes 22 in a suitable manner. The sheets are on their circumference

35 and 36 at 42, 43 and undulating

lie against the sheets 36 and 37, so that the desired distance between the sheets is obtained remain. The disc 38 is provided with similar corrugations 44 with which it is supported and the Maintain a distance from the plate 37.

The container for the oxygen carrier is determined by the mentioned sheets and the adjacent one The end of the stack of catalyst elements 25 and is delimited by tubes 14 and 15. It can be seen that the decomposed, concentrated hydrogen peroxide in the container passes through the interstices between the sheets in the shape of a radially outward and then inward and backward swirling Circular ring enters the combustion chamber and with the fuel jets emerging from the nozzles 39, is intimately mixed. It can be further recognized that the Outlet nozzle for the hot gases and the combustion chamber in a desirable manner through the liquid, concentrated Hydrogen peroxide flowing through tubes 14 and 15 is cooled. Also causes the decomposed, concentrated hydrogen peroxide that escapes from the container through the space between the outer circumference of the plate 35 and the inner surface of the combustion chamber wall exits, a FUm-Jcühlung the wall.

The embodiment shown in FIG the housing 11 and the cover plate 12 are replaced by a single housing 45, which is shaped like a circular ring Graduations 46,47 is provided, so that with a cup-shaped circular ring 48, which by a number is fastened by screws 49, a manifold for the liquid fuel is formed, which has a connection 50 owns. The upstream end and the periphery of the combustion chamber are formed by a dome-shaped member 51, the one downstream has lying, cylindrical part 52, which is provided with an internal shoulder 53, against the the part of the catalytic converter provided with spokes is in contact. The parts of the catalytic converter, even though they are in their shape are designed differently, denoted by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1, the reference numerals with the addition »α«. The dome-shaped component 51 has external eyes 54, through which fuel nozzles 55 project, which are in communication with the manifold 46, 47, 48. Through these eyes 54, the component 51 and the cylindrical part 52 are spaced from the inner surface the wall of the housing 45 held. The downstream end of this housing is with a annular cover plate 56 is provided, which is held in place by a number of screws 58 is, wherein a sealing ring 57 is arranged between the housing and cover plate.

The plate 56 forms the main support part for the outlet nozzle for the hot gases, which in this embodiment consists of two coaxially spaced tubes 59, 60 with parts widening in the upstream direction. The tube 59 is welded to the inner circumference of the plate 56 at 61, 62 and has an upstream portion 63 which is bent back around the upstream end of the tube 59 with play and at a radial distance. The outermost end of the pipe part 63 is welded to a ring 64 which, with an intermediate sealing ring 65, rests against the inner wall 66 of the catalytic converter. This inner wall is welded at 67 to an inner ring 68 of the spoked part. A snap ring 69, which engages in a groove in the wall 66, fixes the perforated plate 26 α in its position.

The sheets 35a, 36a and 37a are in this case. at the downstream end of the combustion chamber, are all carried by the support plates 40 α and are arranged around the opening which leads to the outlet nozzle for the hot gases.

In this embodiment, a portion of the concentrated hydrogen peroxide is through one in the Central opening 70 of the housing 45 is supplied and flows through the space between the housing and the components 51, 52 into the space between the perforated plate 26 α and the cover plate 56, while the remaining part of the concentrated hydrogen peroxide is fed through a pipe 71, with which the space between the pipes 59 and 60 at the downstream End communicates. This part of the supplied hydrogen peroxide cools on its Paths between tubes 59 and 60 and between tube 59 and the upstream portion 63 of the tube 60 the outlet nozzle for the hot gases until it meets the other part in the space between the perforated plate and the end plate combined.

The decomposed, concentrated hydrogen peroxide leaving the catalyst enters the container, which is set by the stack of catalyst elements 25 a and the back of the metal sheets, and passes through the spaces between these, between the sheet 35 α and the dome-shaped component 51 and between the sheet 37 a and the part 63 in practically the same manner as described above, however upstream rather than downstream. The swirling of the decomposed, concentrated hydrogen peroxide causes it to take off with the the nozzles 55 exiting fuel jets is intimately mixed. :

The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 only in that, instead of part of the concentrated hydrogen peroxide, the fuel is used to cool the outlet nozzle for the hot gases. All parts that are common to both figures are provided with the same reference numerals, while modified parts have the same reference numerals with the addition "b" .

In this embodiment, the main supply of the fuel takes place through the line 71b to the manifold 72 b and b therefrom in the upstream direction through the clearance between the coaxially lying pipes 59 and & 60th It can be seen that the annular cover plate 56 b has a different shape and has a shoulder 73 on the inside which, together with a sealing ring 74, represents a bearing for the downstream end of the inner wall 66 of the catalytic converter. It can also be seen that the upstream part 63 b of the tube 60 b is extended in the downstream direction, with play between this part and the tube 59 b that it rests sealingly on the inner circumference of the plate 56 b and is arranged so that it leads to a collecting pipe 75 located on the outside. The fuel that has passed between the pipes 59 b and 60 b , so flows through the space between the pipe 59 b and the pipe part 63 b in the .Subeline 75 and is fed through a pipe 76 to the connection 50. :

In Fig. 4, the structure of certain parts is the same as in Fig. 2, these parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The other parts are not the same, but correspond to those in FIG. 2 and are therefore provided either with the same reference symbols and the addition "c" or with new reference symbols.

The main difference is that all of the concentrated hydrogen peroxide is contained in the Central opening 70 in the housing 45 is supplied and after passing through the space between the housing and the dome-shaped component 51, 52 in an annular space 77 enters from which the hydrogen peroxide passes through a plurality of spaced apart Pipes 78 (z. B. four pieces) of a manifold 79 at the downstream end of the outlet nozzle for the hot gases is supplied. The upstream end of the tubes 78 are holes in a at 80 downstream end wall 81 of the housing 45 sealingly inserted and passes through holes in the Plate 56 therethrough. . '

From the collecting line 79 the concentrated hydrogen peroxide passes in the upstream direction between coaxial pipes 82 and 83, part of the former representing the outlet nozzle for the hot gases. The upstream end of the tube 82 is sealingly connected at 84 to the upstream end of the inner wall 85 of the catalytic converter. The upstream end of the tube 83 ends shortly before the wall 85, so that the concentrated hydrogen superoxide can enter the space between the plates 26 a and 56 and flow through the catalyst, where it is decomposed. Then it enters the container between the metal sheets and the catalyst and then exits through the metal sheets as before, while a certain part of the decomposed, concentrated hydrogen peroxide escapes through the space between the metal sheet 37 a and the upstream end of the tube 82 and causes a film cooling of this tube. .

Claims (5)

P A T E N T A N S P H Ü C H H 1. Combustion chamber, which is operated with liquid fuel and an oxygen carrier, a Gas turbine or a rocket motor feeds and provided with a container for the oxygen carrier is, the inner wall of which is concave towards a combustion chamber, characterized in that the concave, inner wall of in Transversely curved, overlapping, circular sheets (35, 36 ,: 37, 38) formed is determined by the radially outwardly directed outlets, which in radial Direction away from the combustion chamber wall and through which the oxygen carrier is introduced into the combustion chamber, the sheets overlapping each other in such a way that the oxygen carrier in the form of a circular ring that swirls radially outwards and then inwards and backwards is supplied that further inlets are provided for the fuel, which are in the combustion chamber are arranged lying on the outside in the radial direction, so that the fuel from the outside to the inside is fed to the said circular ring. 2. Combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that that the outermost sheet in the radial direction (35) from the outer wall of the combustion chamber, which is in the has a substantially circular cross-section,. has a gap, creating another Gap is formed through which the oxygen carrier from the container from the combustion chamber is supplied so that a desirable cooling of the combustion chamber wall is achieved will. 3. Combustion chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distances between the sheets (37, 38, 39) are chosen so that. Gaps of different widths arise, with which a predetermined distribution of the oxygen carrier is achieved. 4. Combustion chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concave inner wall (37, 38, 39) circularly around an outlet at the downstream end the combustion chamber is arranged around that as an oxygen carrier in a known manner Liquid is used and that part of this liquid is also used. in a manner known per se through one around an outlet nozzle for the hot gases, which is connected to the outlet lying casing (59, 60) and the rest of the oxygen carrier through one around the combustion chamber surrounding casing (45, 51, 52) is passed before the entire oxygen carrier in liquid or gaseous state enters the container. 5. Combustion chamber according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concave inner wall (37, 38, 39) is arranged in a circular ring around an outlet at the downstream end of the combustion chamber, that the oxygen carrier in a known manner is a liquid is used and that the oxygen carrier is initially passed through a jacket (45, 51, 52) lying around the combustion chamber, while the liquid fuel is passed in a manner also known per se through an outlet nozzle for the hot gases, which are at the outlet then, surrounding casing {59b, 60δ) is passed to jet nozzles (55) in a wall (51) of the combustion chamber, so that fuel jets are injected into the vortex of the oxygen carrier. Documents considered: British Patent Nos. 733 485, 727 720, 723 413; U.S. Patents Nos. 2,674,848, 2,555,085, 2 536598. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 909 689/181 12.59