DE1066548B - - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

PATENT DOCUMENT 1066

registration date:

Notice the registration and output of the Interpretation:

issue of the patent specification:

INTERNAT. KL. B 01 j 2 MAY 1958

OCTOBER 8, 1959 MARCH 24, 1960

agrees with the exposition

1 066 548 (p 20618 IVa / 12 g)

The invention relates to a device for the treatment of solids in the heat, whereby temperatures are reached at which the decomposition of the substances leads to the development of gases and / or steaming and possibly leaving a solid residue.

In order to meet the requirements of the technology, such a device must be in accordance with high hourly output operate continuously, which is why the heating surface is as large as possible and must be able to heat up evenly. The fulfillment of these requirements brings certain special features Difficulties arise in the case of solid substances that are kept in circulation should, because such substances must then be quite fine-grained, but on the other hand it should be avoided that there are pronounced dust-like fractions that could be carried along by the gas flow.

The device according to the invention, in particular for the extraction of metals by thermal Decomposition of their carbides or nitrides can be used, meets these requirements. she consists of one or more individual elements, each of which has an axially sealed housing inside for the heating devices, which is sealed so that the latter completely from the The substances to be treated and their decomposition products are separated. On both sides of the so encapsulated Heating devices are rows of floors parallel to one another or in several horizontal ones Rows of pipe sockets arranged one above the other are provided, with between these facilities and the heater housing a channel-like space remains open, within which the gases and vapors that develop during the decomposition or distillation of the solids escape can. The angle of inclination and mutual distance of the floors or the length and clear width as well the angle of inclination of the pipe socket are preferably the angle of repose of the to be treated Substances adapted in such a way that the latter cannot fall into the channel. That way Substances retained by the floors or pipe sockets therefore offer thermal radiation from the Heating elements represent a relatively large area, and the loading is through to that extent mechanical supply of fresh fabrics renewed as the existing fabrics slide down from top to bottom and are decomposed in the heating zone.

The gases or vapors evolved on the inwardly facing exposed surface of the charge can be withdrawn without the need to pass through the charge itself due to a particularly clever arrangement of the exhaust devices
for continuous heat treatment
of solid materials

15 Patented for:

PECHINEY Company de Produits
Chimiques et Electrometallurgiques,
Paris

Claimed priority: France from May 3, 1957

25th

30th Louis Ruelle and Franqois Mathieu ₁ Grenoble, Isere (France), have been named as inventors

to brush. In practice, the extracted gases or vapors actually proved to be completely free of dust particles.

The device according to the invention can consist of one or more of the individual elements constructed as described above, which in the latter case can be connected to a common collector for the gases and vapors, and is encased on the outside with a corresponding thermal insulation. It can be operated under a pressure that differs from the ambient pressure.
Various exemplary embodiments which have led to excellent results are described with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1 is a device according to the invention .with sloping floors along the line C-D in Fig Thus, a longitudinal section. 3;

Fig. 2 shows the same device in section along the line AB in Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the same device along the line EF in Fig. 2;

909 736/293

Claims (6)

4 and 5 in longitudinal and cross-section show two individual elements analogous to FIG. 1 ending device without insulation jacket and cover .; In the device according to "ig, 6 the inclined bottoms of FIG. 1 are replaced by short pipe sockets arranged one above the other in several horizontal rows; FIG. 7, which clearly shows the" beehive-like "arrangement of the ionders, is a section through i in FIG. The device shown according to the line aa. In FIG proceed, which directs the charge in the space between the outer housing wall and the floors 2 and 2 'arranged parallel one above the other, which are too exposed on their longitudinal edges both after the housing wall and after the heater (see Fig. 3: 2 and 2 '). Below the guide surface 4, a well-sealed housing 5 is arranged along the central axis of the device, which encloses the heating element 6. The entire device is sealed to the outside n \ dantel 8, which allows the setting of a certain atmosphere and possibly a certain pressure (especially a negative pressure) and also contains the heat-resistant and insulating packing 9 around the inner body. The substance to be treated is introduced from a storage space into the funnel 10 arranged above the furnace. The gases or vapors evolving during the decomposition or distillation first enter the gaps 11 or 11 'between the heating device and the open inner edges of the bases carrying the starting material and become one in the drawing via line 12 (Figs. 2 and 3) not listed conventional condenser supplied. The residues that may arise during the treatment are drawn off by known, not listed devices at the bottom of the treatment vessel 1 at 13, which can be done continuously or at a distance adapted to the amount of residue that has accumulated. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the wall of the housing 5 surrounding the radiator is guided so that condensation of the vapors, as could possibly take place on the cooled power supply lines 7, is prevented. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the gases and vapors which escape into the spaces 11 and 11 'between the bases 2 and 2' and the housing 5 enter the discharge line 12 via the opening 14. According to FIGS. 4 and 5, a common line 15 is provided which receives the extraction devices 12 and 12 'for the gases and vapors from two devices connected to form a unit 16, each of which corresponds to that shown in FIG. The number of individual elements connected to form units can be increased as required, so that the output of the ovens can be varied accordingly. The heating elements 6 are preferably electrical heaters, since they are best used to achieve the required high temperatures; however, the device according to the invention is not limited to electrical heating. The arrangement of the heating elements and their mutual gradation make it possible, according to the invention, to keep the temperature in the head part of the device at a different level than in the central or bottom zone, so that both heterogeneously composed solids can be treated, their constituents successively at different temperatures are to be exposed, as well as a homogeneous solid that is to be subjected to gradual heating. The arrangement of the starting product around the heating housing or on both sides thereof allows almost complete utilization of the thermal radiation, so that excellent thermal efficiency can be achieved. The device according to the invention can be used for numerous purposes, but, as noted in the introduction, is used in particular for the extraction of metals by thermal decomposition of their carbides or nitrides under reduced pressure, offering advantages which cannot be achieved with any of the known devices. Patent claims: 1. Device for the continuous heat treatment of solid materials, in particular for the extraction of metals by thermal decomposition of their carbides or nitrides supplied in comminuted form, in the form of one or more individual elements (1 to 12), which are characterized by a container (1) with axially arranged heating elements (6) which are surrounded by an outwardly sealed housing (5) , furthermore by several rows (2, 2 ') of floors (2, 2' in Fig. 1 to 5) arranged in parallel one above the other or in several horizontal rows of pipe sockets (2, 2 ' in Fig. 6 and 7) arranged one above the other, which surround the heating device in such a way that a channel-like space (11, 11') remains free between its exposed inner edges and the heating envelope, as well as feed devices for the starting material and extraction devices (12, 12 ', 13) for the released gases and / or vapors and for the residues. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the length, distance and angle of inclination of the floors (2, 2 ' in Fig. 1 to 5) or length, clear width and angle of inclination of the pipe socket (2, 2' in Fig. 6 and) 7) are adapted to the angle of repose of the respective starting material to be used in such a way that no starting material can fall into the channel (11, 11 ') between the floors or pipe sockets and the heating devices. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the devices for discharging the gases and / or vapors from lateral discharges accessible via an opening (14) (12) exist and that the deduction devices (13) for the residues are arranged at the bottom of the evaporation devices. 4. 'Apparatus according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that several of the containers (1, 1') with heating elements (6, 6 ') and floors or pipe sockets (2, 2') with the omission of the side partitions to form a uniform Evaporation device (16) are connected, the extraction devices (12, 12 ') for the gases and / or combine vapors into a common line (15). 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the heating device consists of several in the interior of the housing (5) arranged, preferably electrically operated heating elements (6) , the temperature of which can be regulated individually. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the device is protected against heat loss by an insulating sheath (8). For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 909 637/387 9. (909 736/293 3. 60)